gender equality and empowerment of women through ict
TRANSCRIPT
Gender gaps in ICTThe role of ICT in supporting gender parity
Ericsson ConsumerLab 2017
Ericsson Internal | 2017-02-27 | Page 2
Ericsson ConsumerLab annual research
1.1 billionREPRESENTING
PEOPLE 100,000RESPONDENTS
20OF RESEARCHYEARS40
MORE THAN
COUNTRIES
Jan 1st
Ericsson Internal | 2017-02-27 | Page 3
Key Findings
Closing the ICT gender gap is perhaps not as difficult as could be expectedThe fast pace in technology development has resulted in wider availability of affordable devices and internet access. This is rapidly closing the gender gaps in ICT usage. At the same time, the gender gaps move from access and devices to services and content.
There is a golden relationship between the Global Gender Gap Index and ICT Gender Gap IndexIn countries where gender parity exists in education, economic and professional opportunities coupled with a high presence of women in ICT-oriented jobs, there is generally a low ICT gender gap.
The younger generation is the force for changeIn countries with high gender gaps, the young generation do things differently. They adopt ICT at almost equal rates. This could translate to a positive force for change in their lives and communities.
Broad availability of ICT tools and services are not guarantees to gender parityConsumers living in countries with available and affordable ICT solutions tend to have higher levels of ICT use and gender parity. In some developed countries, gender parity is only a reality for specific groups of women. More commonly, women have a limited online presence and less frequent ICT usage.
Source: Ericsson ConsumerLab Analytical Platform 2017
Ericsson Internal | 2017-02-27 | Page 4
Methodology
RUSSIA
CHINAJAPAN
NORWAY
SWEDEN
POLAND
HUNGARY
UK
SPAINFRANCE
ITALY
GERMANY
LEBANON
EGYPTUAE
INDIA THAILANDVIETNAM
INDONESIA
SOUTH AFRICA
KENYA
ANGOLA
NIGERIACÕTE D’IVOIRE
CANADA
USA
MEXICOJAMAICA
COLOMBIA
BRAZIL
CHILEWorldEconomicForum
Additional Source
markets in ConsumerLab Analytical Platform
Quantitative analysis of historic data from
32
Global Gender Gap Index (GGGI) data
ARGENTINA
Source: Ericsson ConsumerLab Analytical Platform 2017
Ericsson Internal | 2017-02-27 | Page 5
Measuring the gender gaps
The Global Gender Gap Index (GGGI) is a measurement that applies to national data, scoring countries on their progress towards gender parity in four sub-indexes. The ICT Gender Gap Index (ICT GGI) focuses on the use and habits around ICT tools and services, with attention to age groups, occupation and household income.
The Global Gender Gap Index (GGGI), defined by World Economic Forum
Economic Participation and Opportunity
EducationalAttainment
Health and Survival
Political Empowerment
The ICT Gender Gap Index (ICT GGI), defined by Ericsson ConsumerLab
Use ofServices
DevicesUsed
TimeSpent
Placeof Use
Source: Ericsson ConsumerLab Analytical Platform 2017
Ericsson Internal | 2017-02-27 | Page 6
Closing the gender gaps
Self-reported ratio between men and women on their daily internet usage
Figure 1: The progress to achieve gender parity by individual countries along the Global Gender Gap Index and sub-indexes
2000 2004 2008 2012 20160.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
0.70
0.80
0.90
1.00
Source: Global Gender Gap Index 2016Note: Green diamonds correspond to subindex averages
Global Gender Gap Index
Economic Opportunity and Participation
subindex
Educational Attainment subindex
Health and Survival subindex
Political Empowerment
subindex
United Kingdom United StatesMexicoIndiaSaudi Arabia
Yemen
Pakistan India IcelandRwanda
United States
China Nigeria Norway
Chad Nigeria Nepal
Cambodia
China India
United States Nigeria
IcelandFinlandNorwayFranceSenegalUnited Arab Emirates
Score (0.0–1.0 scale)0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
› There is still a long road ahead in achieving gender parity in the four sub-indexes to the Global Gender Gap Index. The spread of the countries along the sub-indexes provide an indication of the most challenging areas to achieve gender parity.
› However, the gender gap in ICT has continued to shrink at an impressive rate since year 2000. Much of this can be attributed to the introduction of smartphones and affordable internet access through mobile
Source: Ericsson ConsumerLab Analytical Platform 2017
Base: Internet Population aged 15-69 in Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, Egypt, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Russia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Thailand, UK and USA
Ericsson Internal | 2017-02-27 | Page 7
Climbing the ICT gender gap ladder
ACCESSDevices and Connectivity
SERVICESFrequency of use,Types of services
CONTENTEducation, Shopping,
Banking, Entertainment
VALU
ES
The ICT GGI is not merely an attempt to understand the usage or non-usage of devices and the internet, but relates to how they are used and the results of that usage. It is a measurement for understanding the equal opportunity to access and use of services and content.
When personal values among both genders are in support of open-mindedness, curiosity, honesty and self-reliance, the values tend to have a positive effect on gender parity in ICT.
Source: Ericsson ConsumerLab Analytical Platform 2017
Ericsson Internal | 2017-02-27 | Page 8
Search for inspiration
Learning, curiosity,open-mindedness
Be genuineHonesty,
authenticity,self-reliance
Equal opportunities
Equality, justice, social
responsibility
Fun-seekingHaving fun, enjoying life,
pleasure
Love is allyou need
Romance, friendship,
enduring love
Successis key
Status, wealth, power
Stick to the traditionsRespecting ancestors,
tradition, cultural purity
It’s my destinyFaith, duty, traditional
gender roles
Appearanceis everything
Looking good, public image,self-interest
Values positively impacting the ICT GGI
Values negatively impacting the ICT GGI
Values matter
Personal values are shared beliefs about what is good, right and desirable in societyThey have an impact on our actions in daily life and have a positive or a negative relationship to the ICT GGIThe strength of values is dependent on age, occupation and socio economic class
Source: Ericsson ConsumerLab Analytical Platform 2017
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How the gender gap is manifested
Services Used› Women are more avid users of communication
services such as voice calls, IM, social networking and e-commerce.
› In countries with a low ICT gender gap, women have an increased online presence, also performing activities such as banking, product info search and general browsing.
Time Spent› The lower the ICT gender gap, the higher the
online presence of women.› Women in Colombia spend on average >10
min more online than men, daily. In Côte d’Ivoire women spend on average ~40 min less online than men, daily.
Devices and Location› In the majority of countries, men are the prominent users of
laptops for online access. Their online presence is extensive at work and when out and about.
› Women are prominent users of mobile phones and tablets, the home environment being where majority of online activities happen.
Source: Ericsson ConsumerLab Analytical Platform 2017
Ericsson Internal | 2017-02-27 | Page 10
Four country groups and patterns
ACHIEVERS
SHIFTERS
DEVIATORS
ASPIRERS
The ICT Gender Gap Index
The
Glo
bal G
ende
r Gap
Inde
x
Source: Ericsson ConsumerLab Analytical Platform 2017
Ericsson Internal | 2017-02-27 | Page 11
AchieversACHIEVERS
SHIFTERS
DEVIATORS
ASPIRERS
› High level of ICT use and time spent online across age groups, occupation and household income
› Low to non-existent gender gap, with a balanced use for most types of services
› A position most common for developed countries› Countries with high female workforce participation
Characteristics:
South Africa: despite low levels of ICT use and less time spent online for both genders, there is gender parity for particular groups in the society. The group yet to reach gender parity is women in low-income households, where their ICT and service use is lower than their male counterparts.
Exception:
NORWAY
SOUTH AFRICA
POLANDCANADA
COLOMBIA
SWEDENUK
USA SPAINFRANCE
ITALY
CHILEARGENTINA
JAMAICA
Source: Ericsson ConsumerLab Analytical Platform 2017
Ericsson Internal | 2017-02-27 | Page 12
ShiftersACHIEVERS
SHIFTERS
DEVIATORS
ASPIRERS
› Slightly lower ICT usage levels and time spent onlinefor both genders
› No gender gaps in ICT usage and habits among the younger generation, students and within high income households
› A position most common for developing countries
Characteristics:
UAE: high levels of usage and time spent online, while gender gaps would typically exist among the older population as well as within low- and mind-income households. The gaps exist in usage of most types of services Angola: lower levels of usage and time spent online for both genders, but gender parity exist among students and within high-income households. A gender gap is more prominent among the age groups of 45+ as well as mid- and low-income households with regards to usage of most types of services
Exception:
MEXICOTHAILAND
BRAZIL
UAE
ANGOLA
HUNGARY
INDONESIA
LEBANON
Source: Ericsson ConsumerLab Analytical Platform 2017
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AspirersACHIEVERS
SHIFTERS
DEVIATORS
ASPIRERS
› Low scores on the GGGI, coupled with a negative ICT GGI
› Overall low levels of ICT usage and time spent online for both genders
› A position most common for developing countries where access to devices and connectivity is a challenge
Characteristics:
China: higher levels of ICT usage compared to other countries in this group. Gender parity in ICT use and habits exist among the younger generation, students and within high income households. However, a clear gender difference in the services used, where IM and social networking is the most used services among womenVietnam: the highest score on the GGGI compared to other countries in this group, but with lower levels of ICT usage and time spent online by both genders. Gender parity in ICT use and habits exist among the younger generation, students and within high-income households for specific types of services
Exception:
CHINA
INDIAVIETNAMNIGERIACÕTE D’IVOIRE
KENYA
EGYPT
Source: Ericsson ConsumerLab Analytical Platform 2017
Ericsson Internal | 2017-02-27 | Page 14
Values that align with Be genuine and Love is all you need tend to re-appear across the three groups, but do so to different extent
The values along the main groups
Among Achievers the value groups with positive impact on the ICT GGI tends to be regarded at similarly high levels across age, occupation and household income groups
Search for inspiration
Learning, curiosity,open-mindedness
Be genuineHonesty,
authenticity,self-reliance
Equal opportunities
Equality, justice, social responsibility
Fun-seekingHaving fun, enjoying life,
pleasure
Love is allyou need
Romance, friendship,
enduring love
Successis key
Status, wealth, power
Stick to the traditionsRespecting ancestors,
tradition, cultural purity
It’s my destinyFaith, duty, traditional
gender roles
Appearanceis everything
Looking good, public image,self-interest
In similar fashion, the value groups with negative impact on the ICT GGI tends to be highly regarded across age, occupation and household income groups among Aspirers
ASPIRERSSHIFTERSACHIEVERS
Source: Ericsson ConsumerLab Analytical Platform 2017
Base: Online population aged 15-69 in Argentina, Brazil, Canada, China, Egypt, France, Germany, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Norway, Nigeria, Poland, Russia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Thailand, UK and USA
Ericsson Internal | 2017-02-27 | Page 15
Service use along the main groups
Usage of Services Online & Mobile
Voice Calls
BrowseInternet
SMSContact
E-mailContact
IMContact
SocialNetworks
VideoCalls
Online Stream Music
VideoClips
GPS
Online Gaming
Mobile Banking
GPSWomen have a more extensive daily usage
Women and men have an equal extent in daily usage
Men have a more extensive daily usage
Usage of Services Online & Mobile
Voice Calls
BrowseInternet
SMSContact
E-mailContact
IMContact
SocialNetworks
VideoCalls
Online Stream Music
VideoClips
GPS
Online Gaming
Mobile Banking
GPS
Usage of Services Online & Mobile
Voice Calls
BrowseInternet
SMSContact
E-mailContact
IMContact
SocialNetworks
VideoCalls
Online Stream Music
VideoClips
GPS
Online Gaming
Mobile Banking
GPS
ASPIRERS SHIFTERS
ACHIEVERS
Source: Ericsson ConsumerLab Analytical platform 2017
Base: Online population aged 15-69 in Angola, Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Côte d’Ivoire, Egypt, France, Germany, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Kenya, Lebanon, Mexico, Norway, Nigeria, Poland, Russia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Thailand, UAE, UK, USA and Vietnam
Ericsson Internal | 2017-02-27 | Page 16
DeviatorsACHIEVERS
SHIFTERS
DEVIATORS
ASPIRERS
› Countries that are industrialized and developed› High levels of ICT usage, but clear gender gaps in time
spent online and the types of services most used› Varying scores on the GGGI, with negative ICT GGI
Characteristics:
Structural differences in these countries creates the deviation, as the high ICT gender gap cannot be explained by explorations into GDP per capita, nor the personal values of individuals. Gender parity has been nearly achieved for all three within the Educational attainment and the Health and survival sub-indexes. These countries are, economically, in a position to offer ICT tools and services to the wider public. While gender parity in Educational attainment promotes a high presence of women in the workforce, women are less frequent in technical, managerial, senior official or legislative roles. Women are also less frequent in jobs of political character, such as ministerial or parliamentary roles. Hence, women are less prominent in jobs where ICT would be a natural influence on the uptake of internet and service use.
RUSSIA
JAPAN
GERMANY
Source: Ericsson ConsumerLab Analytical Platform 2017
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› Young females and female students show clear tendencies to higher online presence and use of ICT tools and services
› Their usage of ICT tools and services are at similar levels as their male counterparts, in some cases even showing higher usage than the males
› The younger generation has a higher regard for open-mindedness and curiosity, no matter their gender
The young force for change
Source: Ericsson ConsumerLab Analytical Platform 2017
Ericsson Internal | 2017-02-27 | Page 18
The journey to gender parity in ICT
ICTGender Gap
Gender parity in ICTis the result of
PoliticalEconomic Professional
EMPOWERMENT
Therefore, achieving gender parity in ICT is not merely a question of access to the technologyas such. It is an aid in strengthening progress towards gender parity in other aspects of society
Source: Ericsson ConsumerLab Analytical Platform 2017
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› Through the measurement of the GGGI by the World Economic Forum, gender parity in the pillars of society ensures a societal equality in health, education, economy and politics
› ICT is a strong baseline and provides part of the infrastructure of services and tools that can empower women’s participation in these pillars
› Equal access to ICT tools and services is not simply a matter of economic prosperity in a country, but the implementation of strategies to ensure access to ICT tools and services by all
The role of ICT in gender parity
Health
ICT Tools and Services
Education Economy Politics
National Economic Development
Gender Parity
Source: Ericsson ConsumerLab Analytical Platform 2017
Ericsson Internal | 2017-02-27 | Page 20