Fast Pyrolysis Oil Production in Connection to CHP Production in
Joensuu, Finland
Metso Power Oy
Erkki Välimäki
© Metso 2
R&D – Metso Power Business Line
© Metso
Metso supplies a bio-oil production plant to Fortum Joensuu power plant in Finland
Fuel receiving,
drying and
crushing station
Pyrolyzer unit inside
the boiler building
Bio-oil recovery unit
Bio-oil tanks
Metso DNA
automation system
3
Existing fluidized
bed boiler plant
Demonstration plant will produce bio-oil
from forest residue
• Bio-oil capacity 30 MW
• Annual production 50 000 t, 210 GWh
• Forest residue usage 225 000 solid-m3/year
© Metso
First pyrolysis process for bio-oil production Fortum, Joensuu, Finland
Demonstration plant to produce
bio oil, by pyrolysis, from forest
residue and other biomasses
Bio oil will be used to replace
heavy fuel oil
Annual production 50,000 tons
from 225,000 m3 of forest
residue and sawdust
Helps reduce CO2 emissions by
59,000 tons per year
Reduces sulphur emission by
320 tons per year
Turnkey delivery, start-up in
autumn 2013
Fuel receiving,
drying and
crushing
Pyrolyzer
in the boiler
building
Bio-oil recovery
Bio-oil tanks
4
© Metso
Cost efficient bio-oil production concept
Integrated pyrolysis
• Bio-oil production is integrated with the
fluidized bed boiler
• Fluidized bed sand is used as heat transfer
media
• Dried and crushed forest residue is pyrolyzed
in the reactor beside the boiler furnace in the
absence of oxygen at about 500 °C in few
seconds
• Product gas is condensed to bio-oil
• Sand and coke from the wood is returned to
the boiler
• Coke and non-condensible gas are burned in
the boiler and the heat is utilized for electricity
and district heat production 5
© Metso
Bio-oil production technology
6
Metso DNA automation system High pressure steam Turbine
Electricity
Non-condensible gas
District heat
Condenser Crusher
Drying
Sand and
coke 500 ºC
Sand
800 ºC
Forest residue
Fluidized bed boiler Pyrolyzer Bio-oil
© Metso
Bio-oil production phases From wood to bio-oil
• < 10 % moisture Drying
• < 5 mm particle size Crushing
• Fast heat transfer
• Controlled temperature (500°C)
• Short residence time (< 2s)
Fast pyrolysis
• Separation of gas and solids Solids
separation
• Fast and efficient gas condensing
Bio-oil recovery
7
© Metso
Bio-oil characteristics
• Heating value (LHV) 13-18 MJ/kg,
i.e. about half of LHV of heavy fuel oil
• Water content 20-35 weight-%
• Viscosity between that of light and
heavy fuel oil
• Acidic, pH 2-3
• Density about 1.2 kg/l
• Immiscible with mineral oils
• Can be used instead of heavy fuel oil
• In the future also as raw material for
chemical industry or for biodiesel
production
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Bio-oil W
eig
ht-
%
8
Aldehydes, ketones
Acids
'Sugars'
Water
Extractives
Lignin
Fossil oil
Fossil hydrocarbons
© Metso
Biomass can replace liquid fossil fuels
v
Fast pyrolysis Heat and power
generation
Biomass
Bunker oil
Bio oil
Decomposition of biomass in
the absence of oxygen at
temperature levels of about
500 C for only a few seconds
Liquid transportation
fuel
Upgrading
© Metso
Bio-oil production technology is based on Finnish development work
• Metso, UPM and VTT have developed integrated
pyrolysis since 2007. Fortum joined the development
project in 2009.
• Target is to produce biofuel from domestic forest
residue to replace fossil oil
• Integrated pyrolysis combines bio-oil production and
use of side products, coke and non-condensible gas,
for production of electricity and heat
• Pilot plant started up in Tampere, Finland in 2009, until
now over 100 tons bio-oil has been produced
• Funding from Tekes* BioRefine program *(The Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation)
10
© Metso