Download - Friendship Forest Management Plan - · PDF fileFriendship Forest Resources Inventory and Management Plan 3 Introduction Friendship Forest is 15.14 acres of stands of trees,

FRIENDSHIP FOREST

FOREST RESOURCES INVENTORY and MANAGEMENT PLAN

December 15, 2012

Prepared for:

City of Clarkston

3921 Church Street

Clarkston, GA 30021

Prepared by:

Chris Barneycastle

Barneycastle Forestry Services, Inc.

1962 Colony Oaks Drive

Snellville, GA 30078

Friendship Forest Resources Inventory and Management Plan

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction…………………………………………………………………….3

Goals and Objectives for Inventory and Management Plan…………….…..3

Description of Property………………………………………………………..3

Inventory – Objectives and Methodology…………………………………….6

Inventory Results………………………………………………………………6

General Management Objectives and Recommendations..…………………11

Management Recommendations for Areas 1 - 8…….……………………….12

Conclusion……………………………………………………………………...16

Appendix A: Listing of Trees and Understory Vegetation....………………17

Appendix B: Listing of Trees and Shrubs Important to Wildlife.…..…..…18

Acknowledgements..……….…...……………………………………….……..19


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Introduction Friendship Forest is 15.14 acres of stands of trees, open areas, streams and trails located at 4380 East

Ponce de Leon Avenue in the City of Clarkston. The property was formerly a high use DeKalb County

park and was donated to the City of Clarkston in 1980. The City of Clarkston received an Urban and

Community Forestry Grant from the Georgia Forestry Commission and retained Barneycastle Forestry

Services, Inc. to inventory the resources on the property and prepare a management plan for the property.

Goals and Objectives for Inventory and Management Plan The Clarkston City Council will be forming an ad hoc committee to determine the future plans for the

Friendship Forest. This resources inventory and management plan will provide information that will assist

the ad hoc committee in planning for the future of the forest. At the present time, the primary goal for the

forest is for it to be a passive use area; therefore, the primary goal of this management plan is to keep the

forested portions in a natural state with a minimal amount of disturbance, preservation of native species of

plants, eradication of nonnative invasive species of plants, preservation of riparian corridors, and

enhancement of wildlife habitat.

Description of Property This 15.14 acre tract is mostly forested with a mixture of various pine and hardwood species of trees.

Many of the trees are mature with large diameters (greater than 30 inches diameter at breast height) and

towering heights (excess of 60 feet). The topography is moderately rolling except for the eastern portion

of the property, which has some rather steep topography. The highest elevation on the property is 1038

feet and the lowest is 959 feet. The south fork of Peachtree Creek, which is a relatively large perennial

stream, flows through the northwest portion of the property. There is a small intermittent tributary stream

on the property that flows into the creek (see Figure 3).

The property appears to have been idle with little maintenance for many years as evidenced by some of

the abandoned fields having been grown over with volunteer vines, shrubs, grasses, and forbs, many of

which are nonnative invasive species. There are an abundance of old abandoned trails throughout the

property, some of which are paved (see Figure 4). A paved road is located in the eastern portion of the

property and extends from the entrance on Ponce de Leon Avenue for about ¼ mile into the property.

There are signs of some management activities as evidenced by planted sapling trees in the large open area

in the center of the property. The trees were planted by the Friends of Friendship Forest. This area (and

others) has also been bushhogged to allow access to the south fork of Peachtree Creek and other areas.

There are several species of nonnative invasive species of plants growing on the property and the

predominant nonnative species are Chinese privet and English ivy.

Figure 1 is an aerial photograph depicting the boundaries and the land types of the property. Figure 2 is a

topographical map of the property with 2 foot contours.


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Figure 1 - Friendship Forest Land Types

Figure 2 – Topographic Map with 2 foot Contours


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Figure 3 – Aerial Photograph with Stream Corridors (25 feet either side of streams)

Figure 4 – Aerial Photograph Depicting Trails and Roads


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Inventory - Objectives and Methodology An inventory of the 15 acres was conducted to determine location, size, and species of trees (naturally

regenerated) and other vegetation on the property. This inventory provided useful information to

understand the current condition of the property and for preparation of management recommendations.

A stand table was developed listing the size, species and number of trees for the property. A listing of

understory plants (primarily shrubs and vines), including nonnative invasive species, were also identified

and inventoried for the property.

To determine the number, size, and species of trees per acre for the tract, 15 sample plots were randomly

and evenly established over the property. The sample plots were 1/10 acre in size and were circular (37.3

foot radius). The total number of trees (4 inches in diameter and greater) for each size class and species

was multiplied by 10 (to produce the total population of trees) and then divided by the total number of

sample plots to yield the per acre number of trees. This data is listed in Table 1. Some species of trees

were found on the property, but not in the sample plot. These trees are indicated in the notes for the stand

table and are noted in the area description.

Understory species of trees, shrubs, vines, and grasses and forbs were tallied in the sample plot and

outside the sample plot as well. Some of the understory species are nonnative invasive species, which are

listed in Appendix A - Listing of Trees and Understory Vegetation.

An inventory of specimen size trees (30 inches DBH and greater) was performed. These trees have been

flagged and located. The location of the trees is depicted in Figure 7. The listing of the specimen trees is

found in Table 2.

Inventory Results As indicated in the Table 1, the predominant species of trees on the property is sweetgum followed by

loblolly pine, yellow poplar, water oak, and southern red oak. Other species of trees growing on the

property include black cherry, box elder, silver maple, magnolia, blackgum, red mulberry, Bradford pear,

green ash, and hackberry.

The ground cover on the forested portions of the property is primarily forest duff with a number of

understory species of plants growing on the property. The primary understory species in the forested

portions are Chinese privet, English ivy, bamboo, poison ivy, honeysuckle, greenbrier, Virginia creeper,

and elaeagnus. Species of plants in the open areas include various types of grasses, privet, honeysuckle,

dogfennel, goldenrod, lespedeza, elderberry, switchcane, nepalese browntop, and multi-flora rose.

Unfortunately, many of these plants are nonnative invasive species. Figure 8 is an aerial photograph

depicting the location of the predominant nonnative invasive species of plants.

Figure 4 shows the breakdown of tree species by percentages. Sweetgum comprises 39 percent of all tree

species 4 inches and greater in diameter, followed by loblolly pine at 22 percent, and yellow poplar at 15

percent. While sweetgum, loblolly pine, and yellow poplar comprise 76 percent of the tree species, the

remaining 24 percent is comprised of 11 different species. While in an ideal situation, no single species

should comprise more than 10 percent of an urban forest, the species make up of the Friendship Forest

property is moderately diverse.

Table 1 also shows that the property has approximately 112 trees per acre (4 inches in diameter and

greater). This is a relatively healthy density of trees per acre for the property.

The average diameter of the trees is 16 inches. Figure 5 shows a distribution of the diameters of the trees.

16 inches is a relatively large tree diameter, which means the trees are fairly mature.


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Friendship Forest -- Species %

5%9%

10%

15%

22%

39%

Sweetgum

Loblolly pine

Yellow poplar

Water oak

Southern red oak

Other species

Figure 5 – Chart Depicting Percentages of Species Composition of Friendship Forest Trees


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TABLE 1 - STAND TABLE FOR FRIENDSHIP FOREST

Number of Trees per Acre by Diameter Class and Species

DBH Sweetgum Loblolly pine Yellow poplar Water oak Southern red oak Other species

4" 11 5 1

6" 8 4 3 3

8" 7 1 2 1 1

10" 2 1 2 1 1

12" 1 3 1

14" 3 6 1 1

16" 2 2 1 1 1

18" 2 4 1

20" 2 3 1 2

22" 1 3 1

24" 1 1 1

26" 1 1 1 2

28" 2 1 1 1

32" 1

36" 1

Total 43 24 18 11 10 6

Total All Species per Acre -112

Other tree species (naturally regenerated) located on property: Black cherry, Box elder, Silver maple, Magnolia, Blackgum, Red mulberry, Bradford Pear, Green ash, and Hackberry.

54

38

18

2

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

4-10" 11-20" 21-30" 31+

Friendship Forest - Per Acre DBH Distribution

Figure 6 – Chart Showing Per Acre Diameter Distribution for Friendship Forest Trees


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TABLE 2 - LISTING OF SPECIMEN TREES ON FRIENDSHIP FOREST PROPERTY

Tree # Species DBH Condition/Description

1 Pecan 35" Good condition.

2 Water oak 34" Dead limbs. Recent limb failures.

3 Southern red oak 42" Large dead branch at 20'. Other small dead branches.

4 Water oak 32" 2 co-dominant stems at 20'. Major decay in smaller stem. Poor condition.

5 Water oak 43" Large dead stubs. Large dead limbs.

6 Southern red oak 43" 2 co-dominant stems at 10'. Small dead limbs.

7 Water oak 31" Most crown weight on south side. Scaffold limbs over adjacent driveway.

8 Water oak 38" 2 co-dominant stems at 4'. Large dead limbs. Next to road.

9 Water oak 35" 2 co-dominant stems at 15'. Fungal conks on stem at 25'.

10 Sweetgum 34" 3 co-dominant stems at 30-40'. Ivy to 35'. Old limb failures.

11 Southern red oak 32" 2 co-dominant stems at 10'. Uneven crown.

12 Sweetgum 31" 2 co-dominant stems at 30'.

13 Southern red oak 33" Ivy into crown. Large dead limbs.

14 Water oak 38" Large dead limbs. Large stubs.

15 Water oak 31" Ivy into crown.

16 Southern red oak 32" Ivy into crown.

17 Southern red oak 33" Top broken out. Weight of crown on west side.

18 Southern red oak 31" Weight of crown on west side.

19 Water oak 36" Near boundary. Small dead limbs.

20 Southern red oak 33" Weight of crown on road side. Some large dead limbs.

21 Yellow poplar 50" 2 co-dominant stems at 6'. Positioned on edge of creek.

22 Water oak 34" Many dead limbs. 30 % dieback. Positioned on edge of creek.

23 Water oak 37" Small dead limbs.

24 Water oak 35" 2 co-dominant stems at 10'. Small dead limbs.

25 Yellow poplar 35" 2 co-dominant stems at 30'.


27 Yellow poplar 36" Good condition.


29 Water oak 56" 3 co-dominant stems at 3'.

Notes - DBH is diameter at breast height measured at 4.5 feet above ground. Diameter for Tree #29 was

measured at 2 feet above ground.


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Figure 7 – Aerial Photograph Depicting Approximate Location of Specimen Trees

Figure 8–Aerial Photograph Depicting Areas of Predominant Non-Native Invasive Species of Plants


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General Management Objectives and Recommendations

The general objectives for the Friendship Forest property is to keep the forested portions in a natural state

with a minimal amount of disturbance, preservation of native species of plants, eradication of nonnative

invasive species of plants, preservation of riparian corridors, and enhancement of wildlife habitat.

Potential future plans for Friendship Forest include restoration of an education facility, parking lot

improvements, a community garden, a butterfly/bird garden, and an overlook with seating. The purpose

of this inventory and management plan is protection, improvement, and conservation of the natural

resources on the property.

The first order of business for the property is eradication of some of the nonnative invasive species of

plants. Chinese privet, listed as a Category 1 invasive by the Georgia Exotic Pest Plant Council (GA-

EPPC), is the most problematic nonnative invasive on the property since it is so widespread and is

aggressive. Privet is an evergreen plant and is shade tolerant; therefore it has shaded out native plants that

would normally grow in these areas. If the privet and other nonnative invasive species of vegetation are

not controlled, the succession of native tree and understory species will be severely impeded. Methods of

control for non-native invasive species can be found in the USDA Forest Service publication entitled

“Nonnative Invasive Plants of Southern Forests – A Field Guide for Identification and Control. The

publication can be obtained on-line at http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/gtr/gtr_srs062/. Hand pulling and

cut and treat are probably the most feasible methods for Friendship Forest. These methods are discussed

on pages 71–73 of the publication.

Since the inventory results indicate that 3 species of trees comprise 76 percent of the total tree species on

the property, it is recommended that other tree species be planted throughout the property. A list of

recommended tree species is found in Appendix B. Proper planting guidelines are and other tree planting

information is available in a Georgia Forestry Commission publication entitled “Community Tree Planting

and Establishment Guidelines”, which can be obtained at http://www.gfc.state.ga.us/community-

forests/ask-the-arborist/CommunityTreePlantingandEstablishmentGuidelinesPrintVersion.pdf.

Since wildlife habitat is a primary objective for the forest, most of the recommended species are beneficial

to wildlife, especially birds.

There are a large number of standing and downed dead trees throughout the property. The standing snags,

which are mostly pines, make excellent sources of nesting for woodpeckers and the brown-headed

nuthatch, and the dead snags on the ground make good habitat for various forms of wildlife including

birds, small mammals and reptiles.

Some of the dead trees and ones with substantial defects on the forest have been marked as potentially

“hazardous”. A hazardous tree is one that has the size, a target, and failure potential to do damage or

injury if it fails. To date, 5 trees have been marked with pink flagging tape as potentially hazardous.

These 5 trees are located near the paved road, which constitutes a target. As the forest is used by more

citizens, additional trees may be deemed to be hazardous. It is recommended that the 5 trees marked with

pink flagging tape be removed since they are large in size, have high failure potential, and are located in

the most trafficked portions of the property.

Several of the specimen trees growing on the property have large dead limbs that should be pruned.

Ideally, the trees should be pruned by a certified arborist; however, the dead limbs can be removed by city

employees if they are pruned correctly. The pruning should be performed in accordance with ANSI 300

pruning standards. Information on the ANSI standards and tree pruning can be found at www.isa-

arbor.com. In addition, several of the specimen trees have English ivy growing into the crowns of the

trees. The ivy can suppress and weigh down the crowns of these trees and can eventually cause them to

decline or fail. The ivy can be temporarily controlled by simply severing each vine at ground level.


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Since the boundaries of the property are not marked or well defined, a survey of the property is

recommended and the property boundaries should be well marked. Future plans may include fencing

around the entire property.

It is recommended that trees on all areas be inspected on an annual basis by a certified arborist or

registered forester to check for insect, disease or other problems. Since the property will eventually be

used by the public, a hazard tree evaluation should be performed on the larger trees that are near areas of

public use. During the annual inspection, trees can be monitored for potentially devastating problems

such as southern pine beetle infestations. A southern pine beetle outbreak can literally result in the death

of most of the pine trees in a very short period of time if left unchecked.

Management Recommendations for Areas 1 - 8

Area 1 – Open Area

This area is approximately .4 acres in size and is located at the entrance to the forest. There is a paved

road and gravel parking area at the entrance. This area is surrounded by large hardwood trees and has a

very prominent Pecan in the center of the area. There is some trash at the entrance, which should be

cleaned up.

Since the entrance to Friendship Forest is the most visible portion of the forest to the general public, it is

recommended that this area be well maintained. Also, the beauty of the entrance area could be enhanced

by planting some annual flowers and native trees and shrubs. The City may want to consult with a

landscape architect or certified landscape contractor for advice.

Area 2 – Mixed/Pine Hardwoods

This is the largest area on the property and is approximately 7.2 acres is size. The area is heavily wooded

and is comprised of mature loblolly pines and hardwoods. The predominant hardwood species in Area 2

include water oak, southern red oak and sweetgum. Other species of trees growing in this area include

blackgum, black cherry, magnolia, red mulberry, green ash, white oak, and red maple. Most of the

specimen trees are located in Area 2.

The understory species of plants growing in this area is comprised predominantly of Chinese privet and

English ivy. The privet and ivy are the most dense in the areas near the boundaries of the property. While

the privet provides somewhat of a buffer along the boundaries of the property, control of the privet should

be considered since the privet will continue to spread throughout the area. If the privet is left along the

boundaries as a buffer, it is highly recommended the privet be controlled in the central portions of the

area. Other understory species include multi-flora rose, greenbrier, wild grape, honeysuckle, switch cane,

bamboo, elaeagnus, wisteria, Christmas fern, and wild yam.


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Since the paved road and several trails are located in Area 2, consideration should be given to removal of

hazardous trees in this area. Also, the specimen trees with large dead limbs should be pruned to prevent

the limbs from failing and possibly causing injury to pedestrians.


This is the largest open area on the property (approximately 2 acres). The area is comprised of a variety of

species of sapling trees (2–4 inches in diameter) and a variety of understory species of plants. Several of

the trees are up to 6 inches in diameter. The tree species include red maple, silver maple, box elder, green

ash, sweetgum, black willow, loblolly pine, and Bradford pear. There are several trees that have been

planted in the north portion of this area that include sycamore, eastern hornbeam, river birch, persimmon,

blackgum, swamp chestnut oak, crabapple, and paw paw.

The predominant understory species in this area are honeysuckle, Nepalese browntop, and blackberry.

The Nepalese browntop is very dense in certain portions of Area 3. Other understory species include

elaeagnus, wild yam, Virginia creeper, multi-flora rose, blackberry, goldenrod, broomsedge, virgins

bower, and poison ivy.

This area has excellent potential for wildlife habitat and a variety of bird species have been seen in the

area. Recommendations include control of the Nepalese browntop and honeysuckle and planting of

species of trees and shrubs that are beneficial to wildlife, especially bird species.

Area 4 – Mature Pine

This area is comprised of mature loblolly pines and is approximately 2.5 acres in size. The pines are 60-

70 years old and are in good condition. There are some mature hardwood species growing in this area that

include sweetgum, and yellow poplar. The hardwood species of trees in the understory include sweetgum,

yellow poplar, blackgum, sourwood, magnolia, and red mulberry. Understory plant species include privet,


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honeysuckle, sumac, blackberry, English ivy, greenbrier, and poison ivy. The Chinese privet in the area is

fairly dense.

Recommendations for this area include control of privet and monitoring for southern pine beetle activity.

Area 5 – Open Area This area is the smallest area on the property and is about .2 acres in size. The area appears to have been a

gravel parking lot in the past. The area has recently been planted with rye grass by the Friends of

Friendship Forest to serve as a food plot for deer.


This area is approximately .8 acres in size and is comprised of a variety of species of sapling trees and

understory species of plants. The area is very dense and is referred to as “The Thicket” on the Conceptual

Master Plan. Species of trees include yellow poplar, black willow, sweetgum, box elder, water oak, and

elderberry. The primary understory species in this area are honeysuckle and blackberry. Other understory

species include Nepalese browntop, goldenrod, clumpgrass, frost aster, swamp sunflower, dog fennel and

poke weed.

This area has excellent potential for wildlife habitat and a variety of bird species have been seen in the

area. Recommendations include control of the honeysuckle and planting of species of trees and shrubs

that are beneficial to wildlife, especially bird species.


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Area 7 – Bottomland Hardwoods

This area is approximately 1.1 acres in size and is heavily wooded with mature hardwoods. The primary

species of hardwoods include water oak, yellow poplar, sweetgum and southern red oak. Other species of

trees growing in Area 7 include sycamore, black cherry, magnolia, and mimosa. Understory species of

plants include Chinese privet, kudzu, greenbrier, elaeagnus, switchcane, wild grape, English ivy, partridge

pea, and Christmas fern. Several specimen trees are located in Area 8.

The most prominent feature of Area 7 is the beautiful stream coursing through this wooded portion of the

property. The south fork of Peachtree Creek is a relatively large stream and this portion of the creek is

very clear and clean. There is some trash in the stream that should be cleaned up.

Area 8 – Mixed Pine/Hardwoods This area is the most remote area of the forest and is approximately .9 acres in size. Most of the trees are

mature and many are 25–40 inches in diameter. Several specimen trees are located in Area 8. The

predominant species of trees in Area 8 are loblolly pine, yellow poplar, sweetgum and water oak.

Unfortunately, Chinese privet is the predominant understory species of plant in the understory and is very

dense in some portions of the area. Other understory species of plants include greenbrier, and wild grape.

The primary recommendation for Area 8 is control of the privet, which will allow other native species of

plants to grow. Also, there is an abundance of trash in this area that should be removed.


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Conclusion The forest resources inventory shows that the 15 acre Friendship Forest property has well stocked stands

of trees comprised of a moderate diversity of native species. Fortunately, there is only one nonnative

species of tree (Bradford pear) growing on the property; however, there are several non-native species of

shrubs and vines growing on the property. Unfortunately, the Chinese privet is very dense in many

portions of the property; therefore, efforts should be made to eradicate this as well as other nonnative

species of shrub.

Once the nonnative invasive species of plants are eradicated, the native species of plants will have more

opportunity to thrive. The present stand of trees on the property are, for the most part, in good condition;

however, the trees should be monitored to insure any insect or disease infestations are controlled before

they are able to become widespread.

Since one of the primary objectives for the property is wildlife habitat, especially for birds, the planting of

new species of trees and shrubs will not only improve wildlife habitat, but will also increase the species

diversity on the property.

The Friendship Forest is a nice natural area of forest and open lands that with proper care and

management will continue to provide aesthetic, environmental, recreational, and wildlife benefits for the

City of Clarkston community and future generations.


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Appendix A: Listing of Trees and Understory Vegetation on Friendship Forest

Property Common name (Scientific name, i.e. genus and species)

Native Trees:

Black willow Salix nigra

Blackgum Nyssa sylvatica

Boxelder Acer negundo

Crabapple Malus spp.

Dogwood Cornus florida

Elderberry Sambucus canadensis

Green ash Fraxinus pennsylvanica

Hornbeam Carpinus caroliniana

Loblolly pine Pinus taeda

Mulberry Morus spp.

Northern red oak Quercus rubra

Pawpaw Asimina triloba

Red maple Acer rubrum

River birch Betula nigra

Southern red oak Quercus falcata

Swamp chestnut oak Quercus prinus

Sweetgum Liquidambar styraciflua

Sycamore Plantanus occidentalis

Water oak Quercus nigra

White oak Quercus alba

Yellow poplar Liriodendron tulipifera

Nonnative trees:

Bradford pear Pyrus calleryana

Native Shrubs:

Blackberry Rubrus spp.

Hawthorne Crataegus spp.

Nonnative Shrubs:

Chinese privet Ligustrum sinense

Multi-flora rose Rosa multiflora

Elaeagnus Elaegnus pungens

Sumac Rhus spp.

Native Vines:

Greenbrier Smilax spp.

Poison ivy Toxicodendron radicans

Virginia creeper Parthenocissus quinquefolia

Nonnative Vines:

English ivy Hendera helix

Japanese Honeysuckle Lonicera japonica

Kudzu Pueraria montana

Wisteria Wisteria sinensis


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Appendix A: Listing of Trees and Understory Vegetation on Friendship Forest

Property (continued) Common name (Scientific name, i.e. genus and species)

Native Grasses and Forbs:

Broomsedge Carex spp.

Christmas fern Polystichum acrostichoides

Dog fennel Eupatorium capillifolium

False nettle Boehmeria cylindrica

Frost aster Aster dumosus

Goldenrod Solidago altissima

Partridge pea Chamaecrista fasciculata

Swamp sunflower Helianthus angustifolius

Switchcane Arundinaria gigantea

Virgins bower Clematis virginiana

Nonnative Grasses and Forbs

Bamboo Phyllostachys spp.

Nepalese browntop Microstegium vimineum

Wild yam Dioscorea spp.

Note: “spp.” is abbreviation for species, which means a variety of species exists for the plant.

Appendix B– Listing of Recommended Trees and Shrubs for Planting at Friendship

Forest

Native Trees:

American holly Ilex opaca

American beech Fagus grandifolia

Black cherry Prunus serotina

Crabapple Malus spp.

Dogwood Cornus florida


Pawpaw Asimina triloba

Persimmon Diospyros virginiana

Sassafras Sassafras albidum

Serviceberry Amelanchier arborea

Yaupon holly Ilex vomitoria

Wild plum Prunus americana

Willow oak Quercus phellos

Native Shrubs:

American beautyberry Callicarpa americana

Blackberry Rubrus spp.

Blueberry Vaccinium elliottii


Sparkleberry Vaccinium arboreum

Viburnum Viburnum spp.

Note: “spp.” is abbreviation for species, which means a variety of species exists for the plant.


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Acknowledgements Funds for this project were provided by the Urban and Community Forestry Grant Program

administered by the Georgia Forestry Commission.

The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities

on the basis of race, color, national origin, gender, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual

orientation, and marital or family status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with

disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large

print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA’s TARGET Center at 202-720-2600 (voice and TDD).

To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, Room 326-A,

Whitten Building, 14th and Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20250-9410 or call 202-720-

5964 (voice or TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

Barneycastle Forestry Services would like to express a special thanks to John Paul Schmidt, PhD,

Post-doctoral associate, Odum School of Ecology/Marine Sciences, University of Georgia for his

assistance with identification of many of the understory and ground cover plants on the GPLT

properties.

The topographic map (Figure 2) was provided by Catherine Fox, Fox Environmental, LLC,

Decatur, GA.

We also wish to express a special thanks to Dale Higdon for his many hours of volunteer assistance

with the inventory.

Download - Friendship Forest Management Plan - · PDF fileFriendship Forest Resources Inventory and Management Plan 3 Introduction Friendship Forest is 15.14 acres of stands of trees,

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