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Prepared By Operations Division REVISED Version November 24, 2007
Prepared By Operations Division REVISED Version November 24, 2007
FIREFIGHTERNEAR MISS
Auto Fire withCompressed Natural Gas
(CNG) Fuel Tank Explosion
FIREFIGHTERNEAR MISS
Auto Fire withCompressed Natural Gas
(CNG) Fuel Tank Explosion
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Seattle Fire Department22
Information Update 11/24/07Information Update 11/24/07
• On November 7, 2007, American Honda Service Division issued a bulletin to all Honda Sales, Service, and Parts Managers for a voluntary recall campaign of 1998-2007 Civic GX CNG vehicles
• Honda Motor Co. agreed to the recall in accordance with 49 CFR Part 573 Defect and Noncompliance Reporting
• On November 7, 2007, American Honda Service Division issued a bulletin to all Honda Sales, Service, and Parts Managers for a voluntary recall campaign of 1998-2007 Civic GX CNG vehicles
• Honda Motor Co. agreed to the recall in accordance with 49 CFR Part 573 Defect and Noncompliance Reporting
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Seattle Fire Department33
Information Update 11/24/07Information Update 11/24/07
• Honda will install a fire retardant blanket to the trunk side of the rear seat-back.
• The Bulletin stated the problem thus:“In the event of a severe interior fire in the area of the rear seat, the CNG tank may be heated unevenly, preventing the pressure relief device from venting the contents of the tank as designed. This could result in a tank rupture and even ejection of the tank from the vehicle. This situation was discovered after studying an act of arson on a Civic GX earlier this year.”
• Honda will install a fire retardant blanket to the trunk side of the rear seat-back.
• The Bulletin stated the problem thus:“In the event of a severe interior fire in the area of the rear seat, the CNG tank may be heated unevenly, preventing the pressure relief device from venting the contents of the tank as designed. This could result in a tank rupture and even ejection of the tank from the vehicle. This situation was discovered after studying an act of arson on a Civic GX earlier this year.”
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Seattle Fire Department44
Incident #26564, March 26, 2007 Incident #26564, March 26, 2007 • Dispatch 0230 hours for car fire (Engine 10)
• E10 arrived and requested FIB for multiple vehicles with possible structural exposures (freeway columns and overpasses)
• 12 vehicles damaged or destroyed
• Firefighter near miss when CNG vehicle exploded as E10 crew approached with a handline (approximately 50-75’ away)
• Determined to be arson
• Dispatch 0230 hours for car fire (Engine 10)
• E10 arrived and requested FIB for multiple vehicles with possible structural exposures (freeway columns and overpasses)
• 12 vehicles damaged or destroyed
• Firefighter near miss when CNG vehicle exploded as E10 crew approached with a handline (approximately 50-75’ away)
• Determined to be arson
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Seattle Fire Department55
FireFireGarageGarage
FireFireGarageGarage
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Seattle Fire Department66
Royal Brougham
Royal Brougham
88thth A
ve S
ou
th A
ve S
ou
th
Access GateAccess GateAccess GateAccess Gate
E10
E10
E10
E10
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Seattle Fire Department77
E10 parked outsideE10 parked outsidethe gate herethe gate hereE10 parked outsideE10 parked outsidethe gate herethe gate here
Debris from the explosion was thrown up to Debris from the explosion was thrown up to 100’ in all directions including on the over-100’ in all directions including on the over-
passes above the incident.passes above the incident.
Debris from the explosion was thrown up to Debris from the explosion was thrown up to 100’ in all directions including on the over-100’ in all directions including on the over-
passes above the incident.passes above the incident.
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Seattle Fire Department88
++++++++++++ ++++
BackhoeBackhoeBackhoeBackhoe
Fuel tankFuel tank(original location)(original location)Fuel tankFuel tank(original location)(original location)
Trunk lidTrunk lidTrunk lidTrunk lid
Bumper frameBumper frameBumper frameBumper frame
Roof debrisRoof debrisRoof debrisRoof debris
Roof debrisRoof debrisRoof debrisRoof debris
100’
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Seattle Fire Department99
Honda CNG VehicleHonda CNG Vehicle
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Seattle Fire Department1010
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Seattle Fire Department1111
Rear of vehicleRear of vehicle
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Seattle Fire Department1212
Roof is blown completelyRoof is blown completelyoff vehicle and doors blownoff vehicle and doors blownopenopen
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Seattle Fire Department1313
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Seattle Fire Department1414
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Seattle Fire Department1515
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Seattle Fire Department1616
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Seattle Fire Department1717
Metal mountingMetal mountingstraps for CNG tankstraps for CNG tank
Metal mountingMetal mountingstraps for CNG tankstraps for CNG tank
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Seattle Fire Department1818
Trunk lidTrunk lidTrunk lidTrunk lid
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Seattle Fire Department1919
Tank initially landedTank initially landedhere, about 100’ awayhere, about 100’ awayTank initially landedTank initially landedhere, about 100’ awayhere, about 100’ away
……then was moved downthen was moved downthe hill for extinguishment.the hill for extinguishment.……then was moved downthen was moved downthe hill for extinguishment.the hill for extinguishment.
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Seattle Fire Department2020
Evidence indicates it may Evidence indicates it may have ricocheted off the have ricocheted off the underside of a freeway underside of a freeway overpass overpass (next picture)(next picture)..
Evidence indicates it may Evidence indicates it may have ricocheted off the have ricocheted off the underside of a freeway underside of a freeway overpass overpass (next picture)(next picture)..
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Seattle Fire Department2121
90’90’90’90’
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Seattle Fire Department2222
Rear bumper frame 90’+ awayRear bumper frame 90’+ away
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Seattle Fire Department2323
Bumper shrapnelBumper shrapnel(note burn marks on(note burn marks onground) ground)
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Seattle Fire Department2424
Roof section about 75’ awayRoof section about 75’ awayRoof section about 75’ awayRoof section about 75’ away
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Seattle Fire Department2525
This may be your only warning ofThis may be your only warning ofa CNG – fueled vehicle. Typically a CNG – fueled vehicle. Typically located on the trunk lid or bumper.located on the trunk lid or bumper.
This may be your only warning ofThis may be your only warning ofa CNG – fueled vehicle. Typically a CNG – fueled vehicle. Typically located on the trunk lid or bumper.located on the trunk lid or bumper.
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Seattle Fire Department2626
Composite tank is carbon-fiber / fiberglassComposite tank is carbon-fiber / fiberglasswrapped for strength – similar to our SCBA tanks.wrapped for strength – similar to our SCBA tanks.Composite tank is carbon-fiber / fiberglassComposite tank is carbon-fiber / fiberglasswrapped for strength – similar to our SCBA tanks.wrapped for strength – similar to our SCBA tanks.
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Seattle Fire Department2727
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Seattle Fire Department2828
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Seattle Fire Department2929
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Seattle Fire Department3030
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Seattle Fire Department3131
August 07, 2003
Airport Taxis, Shuttles Convert to Natural GasNew contract requires fleet conversions to improve air quality
The Port of Seattle Commission today authorized the renewal of contracts with two major providers of ground transportation at Seattle-Tacoma International Airport. The contracts, with the Seattle Tacoma International Taxi Association (STITA) and Shuttle Express, will require the two organizations to make major investments toconvert their fleets to clean-burning natural gas.
Under its new contract, STITA will be required to convert its entire 160-cab fleet to natural gas in the next three years. By converting more quickly, STITA will earn the right to extend the contract from five to seven years.
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Seattle Fire Department3232
Historical InformationHistorical Information
• Several NHTSA (National Highway Traffic Safety Administration) investigations– Example: January 27, 2003; Ford Crown
Victoria on fire with flame impingement on CNG tank. The tank failed catastrophically prior to Pressure Relief Device (PRD) functioning.
– Vehicle recall with dealers installing additional insulation behind back seat.
– Number of vehicles still needing repair???
• Several NHTSA (National Highway Traffic Safety Administration) investigations– Example: January 27, 2003; Ford Crown
Victoria on fire with flame impingement on CNG tank. The tank failed catastrophically prior to Pressure Relief Device (PRD) functioning.
– Vehicle recall with dealers installing additional insulation behind back seat.
– Number of vehicles still needing repair???
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Seattle Fire Department3333
Code of Federal RegulationsCode of Federal Regulations
• CFR 49, Part 571– Standard 304
Compressed Natural Gas Fuel Container Integrity
Flame Test Standard:Flame impingement generating 1550-1650° F. at the surface for the length of the cylinder for 20 minutes or until fuel is completely vented through PRV.
• CFR 49, Part 571– Standard 304
Compressed Natural Gas Fuel Container Integrity
Flame Test Standard:Flame impingement generating 1550-1650° F. at the surface for the length of the cylinder for 20 minutes or until fuel is completely vented through PRV.
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Seattle Fire Department3434
CNG PropertiesCNG Properties
• Compressed to 3,600 psi in fuel cylinder
• CNG rated at 117 octane fuel
• BTU per # = 22,800 (gasoline = 18,900)
• Not a liquid when compressed (it becomes a very close dense gas)
• Not the same as Liquified Natural Gas – LNG (cryogenic: -260° to become liquified)
• Lighter than air when released ( .6 air)
• Compressed to 3,600 psi in fuel cylinder
• CNG rated at 117 octane fuel
• BTU per # = 22,800 (gasoline = 18,900)
• Not a liquid when compressed (it becomes a very close dense gas)
• Not the same as Liquified Natural Gas – LNG (cryogenic: -260° to become liquified)
• Lighter than air when released ( .6 air)
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Seattle Fire Department3535
CNG PropertiesCNG Properties
• LEL / UEL = 4 – 16% (gasoline = 1.3 – 7.6)
• 1 cubic foot of CNG = 245 cu.ft. of natural gas at sea level (uncompressed)
• 1 cubic foot of CNG weighs 13#• 5.66# = 1 Gasoline Gallon Equivalent (GGE)
• Honda Civic tank = 8 GGE• Note: 1 gallon of gasoline properly vaporized has
the explosive equivalency of 83 pounds of dynamite (CDC).
• LEL / UEL = 4 – 16% (gasoline = 1.3 – 7.6)
• 1 cubic foot of CNG = 245 cu.ft. of natural gas at sea level (uncompressed)
• 1 cubic foot of CNG weighs 13#• 5.66# = 1 Gasoline Gallon Equivalent (GGE)
• Honda Civic tank = 8 GGE• Note: 1 gallon of gasoline properly vaporized has
the explosive equivalency of 83 pounds of dynamite (CDC).
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Seattle Fire Department3636
Cylinder PropertiesCylinder Properties
• Four Cylinder Types:– Type 1: all metal (steel or aluminum)– Type 2: hoop wrapped steel or aluminum– Type 3: fully wrapped steel or aluminum– Type 4: all-composite (non-metallic)*
*Early model Honda Civic uses Type 4;later models use Type 3
• Four Cylinder Types:– Type 1: all metal (steel or aluminum)– Type 2: hoop wrapped steel or aluminum– Type 3: fully wrapped steel or aluminum– Type 4: all-composite (non-metallic)*
*Early model Honda Civic uses Type 4;later models use Type 3
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Seattle Fire Department3737
Honda Civic Tank DesignHonda Civic Tank Design
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Seattle Fire Department3838
Honda Civic Tank DesignHonda Civic Tank Design
Note: The pressure relief device (PRD) activates similar to a fusible link – it fails versus resealing like a spring-assisted pressure reducing valve (PRV). The gas is vented out the vent tube until the tank is empty. Discharge time depends on fuel level.
Note: The pressure relief device (PRD) activates similar to a fusible link – it fails versus resealing like a spring-assisted pressure reducing valve (PRV). The gas is vented out the vent tube until the tank is empty. Discharge time depends on fuel level.
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Seattle Fire Department3939
Ongoing InvestigationOngoing Investigation
The tank was wrapped and secured at the FD Commissary for subsequent investigation by engineers from the various component manufacturers.
The tank was wrapped and secured at the FD Commissary for subsequent investigation by engineers from the various component manufacturers.
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Seattle Fire Department4040
Ongoing InvestigationOngoing Investigation• Stakeholders have demonstrated a serious
commitment to determining the cause and developing corrective recommendations– Honda Motor Company sent four engineers
from Japan and the U.S.– The tank manufacturer sent an engineer from
their Nebraska facility– The valve manufacturer sent an engineer from
their Ontario, Canada facility
• Stakeholders have demonstrated a serious commitment to determining the cause and developing corrective recommendations– Honda Motor Company sent four engineers
from Japan and the U.S.– The tank manufacturer sent an engineer from
their Nebraska facility– The valve manufacturer sent an engineer from
their Ontario, Canada facility
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Seattle Fire Department4141
Ongoing InvestigationOngoing Investigation
After an initial site investigation, the tank was shipped to Honda Motor Company for scientific analysis. Results are pending.
**SEE Slide 2 fornew information
After an initial site investigation, the tank was shipped to Honda Motor Company for scientific analysis. Results are pending.
**SEE Slide 2 fornew information
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Seattle Fire Department4242
Ongoing InvestigationOngoing Investigation
• Additional inquires have been received from:– U.S. Department of Transportation – National Highway Traffic Safety
Administration– State of Washington Department of
Transportation
• A “Firefighter Near Miss” has been posted on-line
• SEE Slide 2 for updated information
• Additional inquires have been received from:– U.S. Department of Transportation – National Highway Traffic Safety
Administration– State of Washington Department of
Transportation
• A “Firefighter Near Miss” has been posted on-line
• SEE Slide 2 for updated information
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Seattle Fire Department4343
Lessons Learned / Best PracticesLessons Learned / Best Practices• Approach from 45° angle to vehicle ends
• Be aware of CNG vehicles– Cabs, city vehicles, shuttles
• Look for CNG placards
• Watch for other hazards, i.e. bumper struts; hood and tailgate struts; airbags; burning fuel runoff; hazardous vehicle contents; exploding tires; other traffic
• Consider cooling streams from a distance
• Approach from 45° angle to vehicle ends
• Be aware of CNG vehicles– Cabs, city vehicles, shuttles
• Look for CNG placards
• Watch for other hazards, i.e. bumper struts; hood and tailgate struts; airbags; burning fuel runoff; hazardous vehicle contents; exploding tires; other traffic
• Consider cooling streams from a distance
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Seattle Fire Department4444
Best Practices – Honda CivicBest Practices – Honda Civic
The Best Way to Stop CNG Flow and Turn Off the Engine: KEYS
Turn off the ignition switch, and remove the key.
Turning off the ignition switch automatically shuts off the flow of CNG from the fuel tank. It also turns off power to the airbags and the seat belt tensioners within 3 minutes.
The Best Way to Stop CNG Flow and Turn Off the Engine: KEYS
Turn off the ignition switch, and remove the key.
Turning off the ignition switch automatically shuts off the flow of CNG from the fuel tank. It also turns off power to the airbags and the seat belt tensioners within 3 minutes.
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Seattle Fire Department4545
Best Practices – Honda CivicBest Practices – Honda Civic
The Second-Best Way to Stop CNG Flow and Turn Off the Engine: ELECTRICAL
Remove the main fuse, and disconnect the
battery negative cable.
This method should be used if the ignition switch is in the ON (II) position, you cannot reach the key or the CNG manual shutoff valve, but you can reach under the hood.
The Second-Best Way to Stop CNG Flow and Turn Off the Engine: ELECTRICAL
Remove the main fuse, and disconnect the
battery negative cable.
This method should be used if the ignition switch is in the ON (II) position, you cannot reach the key or the CNG manual shutoff valve, but you can reach under the hood.
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Seattle Fire Department4646
Best Practices – Honda CivicBest Practices – Honda Civic
The Second-Best Way, continued:
Removing the main fuse shuts off the flow of CNG from the fuel tank and turns off the engine. Disconnecting the battery negative cable cuts
power to the airbags and the seat belt tensioners within 3 minutes. It also prevents the engine from being restarted.
The Second-Best Way, continued:
Removing the main fuse shuts off the flow of CNG from the fuel tank and turns off the engine. Disconnecting the battery negative cable cuts
power to the airbags and the seat belt tensioners within 3 minutes. It also prevents the engine from being restarted.
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Seattle Fire Department4747
Best Practices – Honda CivicBest Practices – Honda Civic
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Seattle Fire Department4848
Best Practices – Honda CivicBest Practices – Honda Civic
Least-Desirable Way for Stopping CNG Flow and Turning Off the Engine: GAS
Turn off the CNG manual shutoff valve.
This method does not disable the airbags or the seat belt tensioners. It should be used only if the engine is running, you cannot reach the key, and you cannot reach under the hood.
Least-Desirable Way for Stopping CNG Flow and Turning Off the Engine: GAS
Turn off the CNG manual shutoff valve.
This method does not disable the airbags or the seat belt tensioners. It should be used only if the engine is running, you cannot reach the key, and you cannot reach under the hood.
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Seattle Fire Department4949
Civic CNG Shutoff ValveCivic CNG Shutoff Valve
CNG Manual Shutoff ValveThe Civic GX has a CNG manual shutoffvalve to stop the flow of CNG from the fueltank. The red handle ofthe valve is on thebottom of the car, nearThe left rear tire and thesplash guard.
CNG Manual Shutoff ValveThe Civic GX has a CNG manual shutoffvalve to stop the flow of CNG from the fueltank. The red handle ofthe valve is on thebottom of the car, nearThe left rear tire and thesplash guard.
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Seattle Fire Department5050
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Seattle Fire Department5151
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Seattle Fire Department5252
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Seattle Fire Department5353
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Seattle Fire Department5454
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Seattle Fire Department5555
SAFETY SUMMARYSAFETY SUMMARY
• Determine vehicle type during size-up
• Use 45° approach angle
• Watch for additional hazards
• Consider cooling streams from a distance
• If CNG vehicle, remember best practices:– #1 – KEYS– #2 – ELECTRICAL– #3 – GAS
• Determine vehicle type during size-up
• Use 45° approach angle
• Watch for additional hazards
• Consider cooling streams from a distance
• If CNG vehicle, remember best practices:– #1 – KEYS– #2 – ELECTRICAL– #3 – GAS
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Seattle Fire Department5656
NOTICE:NOTICE:
For questions regarding the content of this presentation or the incident referenced herein, please contact:
Battalion Chief R.R. HansenSeattle Fire [email protected]