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FEED NUTRIENTS
Animal Science IIUnit 6
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Objectives
Identify the major functions of the basic nutrient groups and identify the feeds that are sources of each.
Identify the characteristics of nutrient sources for each basic nutrient group.
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Nutrients
A chemical element or compound that aids in the support of life.
Become part of the cells of the body Necessary for life, growth and proper
function Different kinds needed by different
animals Must be in balance
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5 Groups of Nutrients
Energy Proteins Vitamins Minerals water
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Energy-Carbohydrates
Main energy nutrient in animal rations Made up of sugars, starches, cellulose
and lignin Chemically composed of carbon,
hydrogen, oxygen Provide energy for body cells Extra carbs are stored in the body as fat
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Simple Carbohydrates
Sugars and starches Easily digested Nitrogen-free extract (NFE)
Comes from cereal grains
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Complex Carbohydrates
Fiber Made up of cellulose and lignin Harder to digest Found mainly in roughages
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Energy Nutrients
Fats and oils Higher energy value than carbohydrates
Fats have 2.25 times the energy value Easily digested Provide energy and body heat and carry
the fat soluble vitamins Come from both plant and animal
sources
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Proteins
Organic compounds made up of amino acids
Supply material to build body tissue Essential to fetal development Table 6-1 (p. 129) shows the essential
and nonessential amino acids
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Sources of Protein
Good quality Meat & Bone meal Can not be fed to
ruminant animals
Poorer quality Will meet ruminant
needs Cereal grains in the
right combination will meet the needs of nonruminants
Soybean oil meal is most commonly used
Animal Protein Plant Protein
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Vitamins
Trace organic compounds Only needed in small amounts Divided into 2 groups
Fat soluble and water soluble
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Vitamins
Dissolve in fat A, D, E, K Sources
Green leafy hay Yellow corn Cod liver & other fish oils Wheat germ oil Green pasture Vitamin D is produced in the
animals body if the animal receives direct sunlight part of the day
Dissolve in water Vitamin C & B-Complex
vitamins Sources
Green pasture (C & B) Hay (C) Green leafy hay (B) Cereal grains (B) Milk (B) Fish soluble (B) Certain animal proteins (B)
Fat Soluble Water Solvable
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Minerals
Inorganic materials Needed in small amounts Divided into two groups
Major-needed in large amounts Trace- needed in small amounts
May be deficient in some part of the US See table 6-2 p. 132
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Minerals
Often found lacking Salt Calcium Phosphorus
Usually found in adequate amounts
Potassium, Sulfur, Magnesium, Iron, Iodine, Copper, Cobalt, Zinc, Manganese, Boron, Molybdenum, Fluorine,selenium
Major Minerals Trace Minerals
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Water
Importance is often forgotten 40-80% of the animals body Functions
Dissolves nutrients Controls temperature Carries nutrients Necessary for chemical reactions
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Commercial Feed Tag
Show the guaranteed minimum of Crude protein or total protein
Amount of ammoniacal nitrogen in the feed multiplied by 6.25
Vitamins Minerals
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Summary
Nutrients are chemical elements or compounds that aid in the support of life
Need all 5 groups to produce efficiently Supplied by grains, forages and
commercial feed mixes
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Assignment
Complete Review Questions 1-12