FEED NUTRIENTS

Animal Science IIUnit 6

Objectives

Identify the major functions of the basic nutrient groups and identify the feeds that are sources of each.

Identify the characteristics of nutrient sources for each basic nutrient group.

Nutrients

A chemical element or compound that aids in the support of life.

Become part of the cells of the body Necessary for life, growth and proper

function Different kinds needed by different

animals Must be in balance

5 Groups of Nutrients

Energy Proteins Vitamins Minerals water

Energy-Carbohydrates

Main energy nutrient in animal rations Made up of sugars, starches, cellulose

and lignin Chemically composed of carbon,

hydrogen, oxygen Provide energy for body cells Extra carbs are stored in the body as fat

Simple Carbohydrates

Sugars and starches Easily digested Nitrogen-free extract (NFE)

Comes from cereal grains

Complex Carbohydrates

Fiber Made up of cellulose and lignin Harder to digest Found mainly in roughages

Energy Nutrients

Fats and oils Higher energy value than carbohydrates

Fats have 2.25 times the energy value Easily digested Provide energy and body heat and carry

the fat soluble vitamins Come from both plant and animal

sources

Proteins

Organic compounds made up of amino acids

Supply material to build body tissue Essential to fetal development Table 6-1 (p. 129) shows the essential

and nonessential amino acids

Sources of Protein

Good quality Meat & Bone meal Can not be fed to

ruminant animals

Poorer quality Will meet ruminant

needs Cereal grains in the

right combination will meet the needs of nonruminants

Soybean oil meal is most commonly used

Animal Protein Plant Protein

Vitamins

Trace organic compounds Only needed in small amounts Divided into 2 groups

Fat soluble and water soluble

Vitamins

Dissolve in fat A, D, E, K Sources

Green leafy hay Yellow corn Cod liver & other fish oils Wheat germ oil Green pasture Vitamin D is produced in the

animals body if the animal receives direct sunlight part of the day

Dissolve in water Vitamin C & B-Complex

vitamins Sources

Green pasture (C & B) Hay (C) Green leafy hay (B) Cereal grains (B) Milk (B) Fish soluble (B) Certain animal proteins (B)

Fat Soluble Water Solvable

Minerals

Inorganic materials Needed in small amounts Divided into two groups

Major-needed in large amounts Trace- needed in small amounts

May be deficient in some part of the US See table 6-2 p. 132

Minerals

Often found lacking Salt Calcium Phosphorus

Usually found in adequate amounts

Potassium, Sulfur, Magnesium, Iron, Iodine, Copper, Cobalt, Zinc, Manganese, Boron, Molybdenum, Fluorine,selenium

Major Minerals Trace Minerals

Water

Importance is often forgotten 40-80% of the animals body Functions

Dissolves nutrients Controls temperature Carries nutrients Necessary for chemical reactions

Commercial Feed Tag

Show the guaranteed minimum of Crude protein or total protein

Amount of ammoniacal nitrogen in the feed multiplied by 6.25

Vitamins Minerals

Summary

Nutrients are chemical elements or compounds that aid in the support of life

Need all 5 groups to produce efficiently Supplied by grains, forages and

commercial feed mixes

Assignment

Complete Review Questions 1-12