![Page 1: FACILITATING SKILLS FOR TRAINORS - bhphil.org · FACILITATING SKILLS FOR TRAINORS Center for Audiological Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Surgery University of Santo Tomas](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022022117/5c98062b09d3f2bd028d21a8/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
FACILITATING SKILLS FOR
TRAINORS
Center for Audiological Sciences
Faculty of Medicine and Surgery
University of Santo Tomas
![Page 2: FACILITATING SKILLS FOR TRAINORS - bhphil.org · FACILITATING SKILLS FOR TRAINORS Center for Audiological Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Surgery University of Santo Tomas](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022022117/5c98062b09d3f2bd028d21a8/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
FACILITATION SKILLS
• In training sessions and other facilitated group activities, trainors/facilitators are responsible for managing communication between and among group members
• Skills trainors should possess:
– Paraphrasing
– Summarizing
– Question asking
![Page 3: FACILITATING SKILLS FOR TRAINORS - bhphil.org · FACILITATING SKILLS FOR TRAINORS Center for Audiological Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Surgery University of Santo Tomas](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022022117/5c98062b09d3f2bd028d21a8/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
PARAPHRASING
• Restating the words of the speaker and putting it into your own words
• Best way to paraphrase: listening intently to the speaker
• Use beginning phrases:
– “Your are saying…”
– “ In other words…”
– “ I gather that…”
![Page 4: FACILITATING SKILLS FOR TRAINORS - bhphil.org · FACILITATING SKILLS FOR TRAINORS Center for Audiological Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Surgery University of Santo Tomas](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022022117/5c98062b09d3f2bd028d21a8/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
PARAPHRASING
• Example
– Participant: “It seems that the basic problem
is that some of the people don’t know how to
use the basic management information system.”
– Trainor: “In other words, you see the
problem as lack of know-how.”
![Page 5: FACILITATING SKILLS FOR TRAINORS - bhphil.org · FACILITATING SKILLS FOR TRAINORS Center for Audiological Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Surgery University of Santo Tomas](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022022117/5c98062b09d3f2bd028d21a8/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
SUMMARIZING
• Purposes:
– To pull important ideas, facts or data together
– To establish a background for further discussion
– To offer an overview of a topic
– To describe common knowledge about a topic
– To make a transition
– To review progress
– To check the clarity
– To check for agreement
![Page 6: FACILITATING SKILLS FOR TRAINORS - bhphil.org · FACILITATING SKILLS FOR TRAINORS Center for Audiological Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Surgery University of Santo Tomas](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022022117/5c98062b09d3f2bd028d21a8/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
SUMMARIZING
• Requirement: listening carefully
• Ensures clarity among the participants on
what has transpired in a discussion
sequence
• Deliberate effort of a trainor to pull together
the main points contributed by persons
involved in the discussion
![Page 7: FACILITATING SKILLS FOR TRAINORS - bhphil.org · FACILITATING SKILLS FOR TRAINORS Center for Audiological Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Surgery University of Santo Tomas](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022022117/5c98062b09d3f2bd028d21a8/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
SUMMARIZING
• Example
– After Glenn has talked for 3-4 minutes,
summarized as follows:
• “In talking about this issue, we have come up with
three main points…”
![Page 8: FACILITATING SKILLS FOR TRAINORS - bhphil.org · FACILITATING SKILLS FOR TRAINORS Center for Audiological Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Surgery University of Santo Tomas](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022022117/5c98062b09d3f2bd028d21a8/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
QUESTION ASKING
• Two ways to ask questions:
– Closed questions
– Open-ended questions
![Page 9: FACILITATING SKILLS FOR TRAINORS - bhphil.org · FACILITATING SKILLS FOR TRAINORS Center for Audiological Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Surgery University of Santo Tomas](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022022117/5c98062b09d3f2bd028d21a8/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
QUESTION ASKING
• Closed questions
– With precise, short answers
– Answered with one word
– Example:
• Trainor: “Do you think that recommendation will
work?”
• Participant: “No.”
![Page 10: FACILITATING SKILLS FOR TRAINORS - bhphil.org · FACILITATING SKILLS FOR TRAINORS Center for Audiological Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Surgery University of Santo Tomas](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022022117/5c98062b09d3f2bd028d21a8/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
QUESTION ASKING
• Open-ended questions
– Requires elaboration
– Use starter words such as how, what, why
– Example:
• Trainor- “What did you like about the
recommendation?”
• Participant- “I think its is very good strategy for
resolving the issue, one that can be implemented
without expending a lot of resources”
![Page 11: FACILITATING SKILLS FOR TRAINORS - bhphil.org · FACILITATING SKILLS FOR TRAINORS Center for Audiological Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Surgery University of Santo Tomas](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022022117/5c98062b09d3f2bd028d21a8/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
QUESTION ASKING
• How to encourage audience to ask questions
– Step toward the audience
– Raise a hand
– Ask “ Does anyone have questions for me?”
“What questions do you have?”
– Pause long enough after asking for questions
![Page 12: FACILITATING SKILLS FOR TRAINORS - bhphil.org · FACILITATING SKILLS FOR TRAINORS Center for Audiological Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Surgery University of Santo Tomas](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022022117/5c98062b09d3f2bd028d21a8/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
QUESTION AND ANSWER
TECHNIQUES
• How to listen to questions
– Wait until the questions has finished
– Watch the person who is asking the question
– Focus on the question and listen carefully
– Keep your hands in a neutral position, arms at
your side, fingers open
![Page 13: FACILITATING SKILLS FOR TRAINORS - bhphil.org · FACILITATING SKILLS FOR TRAINORS Center for Audiological Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Surgery University of Santo Tomas](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022022117/5c98062b09d3f2bd028d21a8/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
QUESTION AND ANSWER
TECHNIQUES
• How to answer questions
– Prepare for questions
– Don’t preface the answer
– Clarify
– Amplify
– Maintain style
– Be honest
– Involve the whole audience in the answer
– Keep answers to the point
![Page 14: FACILITATING SKILLS FOR TRAINORS - bhphil.org · FACILITATING SKILLS FOR TRAINORS Center for Audiological Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Surgery University of Santo Tomas](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022022117/5c98062b09d3f2bd028d21a8/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
OTHER FACILITATION
SKILLS
• Nodding one’s head
• Picking up on last word or two of someone
else’s statement
• Repeating a sentence or part of it
• Asking someone to say more about…
• Maintaining eye contact, open body
position
![Page 15: FACILITATING SKILLS FOR TRAINORS - bhphil.org · FACILITATING SKILLS FOR TRAINORS Center for Audiological Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Surgery University of Santo Tomas](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022022117/5c98062b09d3f2bd028d21a8/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
PRESENTATION TIPS
• Posture
– Keep posture erect but relaxed
– Distribute weight evenly on both lips
• Movement
– When using a lectern, move to the side or front of the lectern to get nearer the audience
– Technique may not be practical in a formal setting
![Page 16: FACILITATING SKILLS FOR TRAINORS - bhphil.org · FACILITATING SKILLS FOR TRAINORS Center for Audiological Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Surgery University of Santo Tomas](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022022117/5c98062b09d3f2bd028d21a8/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
PRESENTATION TIPS
• Movement
– When not using lectern, stay within 4-8 feet of
the front row
– For emphasis and enhancement of presentation:
step occasionally to either side or half a step
forward the audience
– Stay close, stay direct, and stay involved with
the audience
![Page 17: FACILITATING SKILLS FOR TRAINORS - bhphil.org · FACILITATING SKILLS FOR TRAINORS Center for Audiological Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Surgery University of Santo Tomas](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022022117/5c98062b09d3f2bd028d21a8/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
PRESENTATION TIPS
• Shoulder orientation
– Keep shoulders oriented toward the audience
– When using visual aids, angle away from the
audience but not be more than 45 degrees
– Eye contact with the audience is necessary
before speaking
![Page 18: FACILITATING SKILLS FOR TRAINORS - bhphil.org · FACILITATING SKILLS FOR TRAINORS Center for Audiological Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Surgery University of Santo Tomas](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022022117/5c98062b09d3f2bd028d21a8/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
PRESENTATION TIPS
• Gestures
– Use natural gestures; as if you were having an animated conversation with a friend
– Avoid distracting gestures like
• Keeping hands in the pockets
• Handcuffed hands behind the back
• Keeping arms crossed
• Arms in fig leaf position
• Wringing hands nervously
![Page 19: FACILITATING SKILLS FOR TRAINORS - bhphil.org · FACILITATING SKILLS FOR TRAINORS Center for Audiological Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Surgery University of Santo Tomas](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022022117/5c98062b09d3f2bd028d21a8/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
PRESENTATION TIPS
• Purpose of eye contact:
– To open channel of communication between
people
– To help establish and build rapport
– To involve the audience in the presentation
– To help relax the speaker by connecting the
speaker to the audience
![Page 20: FACILITATING SKILLS FOR TRAINORS - bhphil.org · FACILITATING SKILLS FOR TRAINORS Center for Audiological Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Surgery University of Santo Tomas](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022022117/5c98062b09d3f2bd028d21a8/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
PRESENTATION TIPS
• Eye contact
– Rule of thumb: 1-3 seconds per person
– Focus on one person, not long enough to make
the individual feel uncomfortable but long
enough to pull him or her into your presentation
– If group is too large, make eye contact with
individuals in different parts of the room
![Page 21: FACILITATING SKILLS FOR TRAINORS - bhphil.org · FACILITATING SKILLS FOR TRAINORS Center for Audiological Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Surgery University of Santo Tomas](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022022117/5c98062b09d3f2bd028d21a8/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
PRESENTATION TIPS
• Using your voice
– Problems
• Monotone – usually caused by anxiety
– Need to relax and release tension; loosen the muscles and
breathe normally
• Talking too fast – more than the average rate of
speech (125 words per minute)
– Pause during a presentation when you trip over words
![Page 22: FACILITATING SKILLS FOR TRAINORS - bhphil.org · FACILITATING SKILLS FOR TRAINORS Center for Audiological Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Surgery University of Santo Tomas](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022022117/5c98062b09d3f2bd028d21a8/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
PRESENTATION TIPS
• Using your voice
– Problems with volume
• Too soft
– Detect by speaking and asking feedback from someone
sitting in front and from the other against the back wall
• Too loud
– Consistently loud: hearing loss
– Detect by trying the same exercise but this time,with a
different objective