Download - EXPLORATION & EXPANSION Chapter 13 Wieczerzak. What was their motives for exploring? GLORYGOD GOLD
What products did the European merchants want from the East?
• Spices • Preserve & flavor foods/ medicinal/
perfumes• Precious metals. Of course!
What country took the lead in exploration?
• Portugal• 1420 Prince
Henry The Navigator sponsored sailors to sail along the coast of Africa.
EASTEAST
Portuguese gained control of the spice trade
• 1509 Portuguese destroyed a Turkish (Muslim) & Indian fleet off the coast of India
• Portuguese seized control of the port of Melaka. (set up trading posts)
• This helped destroy Arab control of the spice trade.
What new technology did these explorers use to aid them on their trips?
Astrolabe
Caravel
Cartography – map making
Compass
Spain’s search for spices
• In 1492 Columbus sailed the ocean blue…
• set sail for Asia by traveling
WESTWEST
Christopher Columbus
4 trips!!!
4 trips!!!
• Hispaniola• Isles of the Caribbean
How did the Spanish & Portuguese avoid any problems over land claims?
• Pope Alexander VI set a Line of Demarcation, giving to Spain rights to any land west of the line and to Portugal, rights to any land east of the line.
What were the Spanish conquerors of the Americas called?
• Conquistadors
• Hernan Cortes• Francisco Pizarro
Spanish Empire
• Encomienda• Native Americans were used for laborers.
On the plantations and mines.
• Violence• Forced labor• Starvation• Disease
• Wiped out nearly all of the Native Americans.
The Slave Trade
What discovery brought about the need for more slaves? (think: exploration!)
The discovery of the Americas in the 1490’s.
Sugarcane plantations
What was the Purpose of the triangular trade.
• Provided a market for:
• 1 – European goods to (Africa).
• 2 - Slaves from Africa to (the Americas).
• 3 – Raw materials from the Americas to (Europe).
Growth of slave trade• In roughly 300 years
some 10-11 million Africans were brought to the Americas as slaves.
Why so many?
The Middle Passage!
Death rates on the trip over and the need to
replenish their workforce
How did they get there?