Exploration and the Exploration and the Colombian ExchangeColombian Exchange
Chapter 16The World Economy
Do Now:
What were the motives for and the results of the European exploration and colonization of the Americas?
What motivated Europeans to What motivated Europeans to explore the Atlantic?explore the Atlantic?Motives:
(Gold, Glory, God)Wanted to avoid the Ottomans and their growing
power in the Middle EastNeeded gold to pay for Asian spicesWhy Europe?
◦Used explosives as gunnery (guns and cannons) “unprecedented ability to kill and intimidate from a
distance”◦Compass and astrolabe◦better ships (deep-draft round hulled sailing
ships), and mapmaking skills◦Desire for goods from East
Why did the Iberians lead the Why did the Iberians lead the way?way?Italian city-states were wealthy and had
access to the east and favorable trade agreements with the Muslims
Mediterranean ships were ill-suited for weather in Atlantic Ocean
Iberians had a history of hostility with the Muslims (Ferdinand and Isabella) and did not have direct access to Med. trade
Missionary zeal
Iberians lead the way….Iberians lead the way….Portugal:
◦Prince Henry the Navigator sponsored many of the voyages
◦Sailors rounded tip of Africa into Indian Ocean◦Sail to Brazil and claim it for Portugal◦Forts along coast of Africa
Spain◦Columbus, sailing west ended up in the West
Indies (Hispaniola)◦Magellan- crew circumnavigated the globe and
claimed the Philippines
Northern Europeans Join InNorthern Europeans Join In
Dutch- SE Asia, IndonesiaBritish- North America, Caribbean
1588-British beat the Spanish ArmadaFrench-North America and CaribbeanDutch East India Company & British East
India Company- given gov’t monopolies on trade with little regulation
REVIEWREVIEW
1. Why did the Europeans begin to look for a new water route to Asia?
2. What technology enabled this to happen?
3. Why did the Iberians lead the charge?4. What was the initial impact of their
voyages?
Impact of the Colombian ExchangeImpact of the Colombian Exchange
Diseases wiped out 80% of indigenous people or more in some areas
Spread crops, animals, and flora –led to population increases
Europeans began to dominate oceanic shipping (Battle of Lepanto- Spanish defeated Ottomans, 1571)
Europeans established ports along the coast of Africa and formed enclaves of western traders in other areas
Coercive labor systems increased in dependent zones
Mercantilism emerged-colonies are for the good of the mother country/export more than you import (favorable balance)
Core nations Vs. dependent zonesProtectionist tariffsEuropeans began to conquer and colonize
(motivated by desire for profit, need to escape religious persecution, and ambition)…Pizarro and the Inca
Competition between European powers increased (Seven Years War)
EXIT QUESTION:
Was Columbus’ “Discovery” of the Americas and the subsequent colonization Genocide????