![Page 1: Energy. On your poster What is it? Brief history How is it produced/extracted/harnessed? How is it used? The types Diagram of how it works](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081515/56649d895503460f94a6f802/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Energy
![Page 2: Energy. On your poster What is it? Brief history How is it produced/extracted/harnessed? How is it used? The types Diagram of how it works](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081515/56649d895503460f94a6f802/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
On your poster
What is it?Brief historyHow is it produced/extracted/harnessed?How is it used?The typesDiagram of how it works
![Page 3: Energy. On your poster What is it? Brief history How is it produced/extracted/harnessed? How is it used? The types Diagram of how it works](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081515/56649d895503460f94a6f802/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Energy Concepts
Forms of Energy
Units
Laws
![Page 4: Energy. On your poster What is it? Brief history How is it produced/extracted/harnessed? How is it used? The types Diagram of how it works](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081515/56649d895503460f94a6f802/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Forms of Energy
Mechanical: (potential and kinetic)Thermal: heat (vibration/movement of
particles within a substance.)Chemical: stored in bondsElectrical: motion of electronsNuclear: stored in nuclei of atoms and is
released by either splitting or joining the atoms.
Electromagnetic: energy that travels by waves
![Page 5: Energy. On your poster What is it? Brief history How is it produced/extracted/harnessed? How is it used? The types Diagram of how it works](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081515/56649d895503460f94a6f802/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Units
Energy provides power to do work…so…Work is defined as a force exerted over a distance and power is the rate of flow of energy or the rate at which work is done.
Newton: force needed to accelerate 1 kg by 1 m/secJoule: the amount of work accomplished when a force of 1 newton is performed over 1 m or 1 ampre per second travels 1 ohm.
Watt: 1 joule/seckWh: 1000 watts exerted in 1 hourCalorie: 4.184 Joules1 barrel of oil: 42 gallons
![Page 6: Energy. On your poster What is it? Brief history How is it produced/extracted/harnessed? How is it used? The types Diagram of how it works](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081515/56649d895503460f94a6f802/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Laws of Thermodynamics
First Law: energy can be neither created or destroyed. It is simply transported or changed into another form. Ex: sunlight to chemical energy
Second Law: The universe tends to entropy.
Most of energy in tropic levels is lost as heat.
![Page 7: Energy. On your poster What is it? Brief history How is it produced/extracted/harnessed? How is it used? The types Diagram of how it works](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081515/56649d895503460f94a6f802/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
The Effects of Converting Energies
One of the biggest concerns is the amount of energy used to refine and produce energy into useable forms.◦ Example: when coal is used to produce electricity, nearly 65%
of the original energy is lost during thermal conversion at the power plant. Another 10% is lost in electrical transmission and voltage changes for household use.
◦ Still not convinced; about 75 % of oil’s original energy is lost during distillation into gasoline and other fuels, transportation to market, storage and engine combustion.
◦ Okay, still more: natural gas has much less waste since it needs little refining. It is transported through underground pipelines and burned with 75-95% efficiency. It also contains more hydrogen-carbon atoms (1/2 less than coal and oil) reducing CO2 which reduces Global Warming.
![Page 8: Energy. On your poster What is it? Brief history How is it produced/extracted/harnessed? How is it used? The types Diagram of how it works](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081515/56649d895503460f94a6f802/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
ENERGY
SOURCES OF
THE WORLD!
![Page 9: Energy. On your poster What is it? Brief history How is it produced/extracted/harnessed? How is it used? The types Diagram of how it works](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081515/56649d895503460f94a6f802/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Renewable resources can be
replenished at a comparable
rate to the rate of
consumption. Energy sources
like hydroelectric power, solar
energy, and wind power are
considered “perpetual
resources” because they run
no risk of depletion.
Renewable Energy Sources
RENEWABLE
ENERGY
SOURCES OF
THE WORLD!
![Page 10: Energy. On your poster What is it? Brief history How is it produced/extracted/harnessed? How is it used? The types Diagram of how it works](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081515/56649d895503460f94a6f802/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Nonrenewable
resources are energy
sources like
petroleum, propane,
natural gas, coal, and
nuclear energy that
take millions of years
to form and cannot be
regenerated in a short
period of time.
Nonrenewable Energy Sources
NONRENEWABLE
ENERGY
SOURCES OF
THE WORLD!
![Page 11: Energy. On your poster What is it? Brief history How is it produced/extracted/harnessed? How is it used? The types Diagram of how it works](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081515/56649d895503460f94a6f802/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
HYDROELECTRICHYDROELECTRIC POWER is generated when flowing waterturns turbines to run generators that convert energy into electricity.
renewable
• No emissions• Reliable• Capable of generating
large amounts of power• Output can be regulated
to meet demand
• Environmental impacts by changing the environment
• Hydroelectric dams are expensive to build
• Dams may be affected by drought
• Potential for floodshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rnPEtwQtmGQ
PROS
CONS
![Page 12: Energy. On your poster What is it? Brief history How is it produced/extracted/harnessed? How is it used? The types Diagram of how it works](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081515/56649d895503460f94a6f802/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
NUCLEAR ENERGYNUCLEAR ENERGY is generated in reactors, when nuclear
fuel fission heats water, and the steam turns turbines to run the generators that convert energy into electricity.
nonrenewa
ble
• No greenhouse gases or C02 emissions
• Efficiently transforms energyinto electricity
• Uranium reserves are abundant• Refueled yearly
• Higher capital costs• Problem of long-term
storage of radioactive waste• Heated waste water from
nuclear plants harms aquatic life• Potential nuclear proliferation issue
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MGj_aJz7cTs
PROS
CONS
![Page 13: Energy. On your poster What is it? Brief history How is it produced/extracted/harnessed? How is it used? The types Diagram of how it works](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081515/56649d895503460f94a6f802/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Lets brainstorm what we remember about atoms and unstable atoms…
![Page 14: Energy. On your poster What is it? Brief history How is it produced/extracted/harnessed? How is it used? The types Diagram of how it works](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081515/56649d895503460f94a6f802/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Each half-life, the amount of atoms gets cut in half.
![Page 15: Energy. On your poster What is it? Brief history How is it produced/extracted/harnessed? How is it used? The types Diagram of how it works](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081515/56649d895503460f94a6f802/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
One half-life.
![Page 16: Energy. On your poster What is it? Brief history How is it produced/extracted/harnessed? How is it used? The types Diagram of how it works](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081515/56649d895503460f94a6f802/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Two half-lives.
![Page 17: Energy. On your poster What is it? Brief history How is it produced/extracted/harnessed? How is it used? The types Diagram of how it works](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081515/56649d895503460f94a6f802/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Three half-lives.
![Page 18: Energy. On your poster What is it? Brief history How is it produced/extracted/harnessed? How is it used? The types Diagram of how it works](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081515/56649d895503460f94a6f802/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Four half-lives.
![Page 19: Energy. On your poster What is it? Brief history How is it produced/extracted/harnessed? How is it used? The types Diagram of how it works](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081515/56649d895503460f94a6f802/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Don’t worry about the last atom. You start with so many trillions that you never really get there. (It will just decay and then they’re all gone.)
![Page 20: Energy. On your poster What is it? Brief history How is it produced/extracted/harnessed? How is it used? The types Diagram of how it works](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081515/56649d895503460f94a6f802/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Now lets work a problem
A 48 gram sample of a radioactive element was formed in a 1960 explosion of an atomic bomb at Johnson Island in the Pacific Test Site. The half-life of the radioactive element is 28 years. How much of this element will remain after 112 years?
An element has a half-life of 29 hours. If 100 mg of the element decays over a period of 58 hours, how many mg of the element will remain?
![Page 21: Energy. On your poster What is it? Brief history How is it produced/extracted/harnessed? How is it used? The types Diagram of how it works](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081515/56649d895503460f94a6f802/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Hubbert’s Peak
Proposed by King M. HubbertIndicates that the peak production has
already occurred. Some scientists disagree (we have
another decade)The importance = we need to find other
sources.
![Page 22: Energy. On your poster What is it? Brief history How is it produced/extracted/harnessed? How is it used? The types Diagram of how it works](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081515/56649d895503460f94a6f802/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
COALCOAL is formed from trees and plants in vast primeval forests, when heat and pressure turned decayed matter into coal. Coal is a part of the fossil fuels family.
nonrenewa
ble
• Abundant supply• Currently inexpensive to
extract• Reliable and capable of
generating large amounts of power
• Emits major greenhouse gases and acid rain
• High environmental impact from mining and burning
• Mining can be dangerousfor miners
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SeXG8K5_UvU
PROS
CONS
![Page 23: Energy. On your poster What is it? Brief history How is it produced/extracted/harnessed? How is it used? The types Diagram of how it works](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081515/56649d895503460f94a6f802/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
PETROLEUMPETROLEUM is formed from animals and plants that livedmillions of years ago when heat and pressure turned decayed matter into crude oil.
nonrenewa
ble
• Transportation fuel for the world• Basis of many products, from
prescription drugs to plastics• Economical to produce, easy
to transport
• High C02 emissions• Found in limited areas• Supply may be exhausted
before natural gas/coal resources• Possible environmental impact
from drilling and transporting
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RJ8FxYLBxLo
PROS
CONS
![Page 24: Energy. On your poster What is it? Brief history How is it produced/extracted/harnessed? How is it used? The types Diagram of how it works](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081515/56649d895503460f94a6f802/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Oil sand
Sedimentary rock that contains bitumen (a hydrocarbon).
Process to extract-◦Surface mine heat refine (just like
oil)
![Page 25: Energy. On your poster What is it? Brief history How is it produced/extracted/harnessed? How is it used? The types Diagram of how it works](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081515/56649d895503460f94a6f802/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
NATURAL GASNATURAL GAS consists primarily of methane but includes significant quantities of ethane, butane, propane, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, helium, and hydrogen sulfide.
nonrenewab
le
• Widely available• Burns more cleanly than coal
or oil• Often used in combination
with other fuels to decrease pollution in electricity generation
• Added artificial odor that people can easily smell the gas in caseof a leak
• Transportation costs are high• Burns cleanly, but still
has emissions• Pipelines impact ecosystems
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4NxN6PmxlBM
PROS
CONS
![Page 26: Energy. On your poster What is it? Brief history How is it produced/extracted/harnessed? How is it used? The types Diagram of how it works](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081515/56649d895503460f94a6f802/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
The Dark Side
Fukushima: 2011 Earthquake/Tsunami caused meltdown of nuclear power plant.
Exxon Valdez- 1989 in the Prince William Sound.
Three Mile Island: Biggest Nuclear disaster in US. 1979. (Only partial meltdown)
Chernobyl: Ukraine: Worst nuclear disaster in the world.
Santa Barbara: site of coastal oil spill in 1969
![Page 27: Energy. On your poster What is it? Brief history How is it produced/extracted/harnessed? How is it used? The types Diagram of how it works](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081515/56649d895503460f94a6f802/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
FRQ TIME!!!!!!
![Page 28: Energy. On your poster What is it? Brief history How is it produced/extracted/harnessed? How is it used? The types Diagram of how it works](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081515/56649d895503460f94a6f802/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
GEOTHERMALGEOTHERMAL ENERGY is generated by heat in the earth’s core. It is found underground by drilling steam wells (like oil drilling). There is a global debate as to whether geothermal energy is renewable or nonrenewable.
• Minimal environmental impact• Efficient• Power plants have low
emissions• Low cost after the
initial investment
• Geothermal fields found in few areas around the world
• Expensive start-up costs• Wells could eventually
be depleted
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uVDBRQvBVso
renewable
nonrenewable
PROS
CONS
![Page 29: Energy. On your poster What is it? Brief history How is it produced/extracted/harnessed? How is it used? The types Diagram of how it works](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081515/56649d895503460f94a6f802/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
SOLAR ENERGYSOLAR ENERGY is generated when photovoltaic (PV) cells convert heat from the sun directly into electricity.
renewabl
e
• Nonpolluting• Most abundant energy
source available• Systems last 15–30 years
• High initial investment• Dependent on sunny weather• Supplemental energy may be
needed in low sunlight areas• Requires large physical space
for PV cell panels
PROS
CONS
![Page 30: Energy. On your poster What is it? Brief history How is it produced/extracted/harnessed? How is it used? The types Diagram of how it works](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081515/56649d895503460f94a6f802/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
WIND POWERWIND POWER is generated when wind turns turbines to run the generators that convert energy into electricity, which is then stored in batteries.
renewable
• No emissions• Affordable• Little disruption of
ecosystems• Relatively high output
• Output is proportional to wind speed
• Not feasible for all geographical locations
• High initial investment• Extensive land use
PROS
CONS
![Page 31: Energy. On your poster What is it? Brief history How is it produced/extracted/harnessed? How is it used? The types Diagram of how it works](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081515/56649d895503460f94a6f802/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
HYDROGENHYDROGEN is found in combination with oxygen in water, but it is also present in organic matter such as living plants, petroleum, or coal. Hydrogen fuel is a byproduct of chemically-mixing hydrogen and oxygen to produce electricity, water, and heat. It’s stored in a “cell” or battery.
renewable
• Abundant supply• Water vapor emissions only• Excellent industrial safety
record
• More expensive to produce than fossil fuel Systems
• Currently uses a large amount of fossil fuels in the hydrogen extraction process
• Storage and fuel cell technology still being developed
PROS
CONS
![Page 32: Energy. On your poster What is it? Brief history How is it produced/extracted/harnessed? How is it used? The types Diagram of how it works](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081515/56649d895503460f94a6f802/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
PROPANEPROPANE is produced as a byproduct from natural gas processing and crude oil refining. It burns hotter and more evenly than other fuels.
nonrenewa
ble
• Yields 60–70% less smog-producing hydrocarbons than gasoline/diesel fuel or propane exhaust
• Nontoxic and insoluble in water• Doesn’t spill, pool, or leave a
residue
• Uses some fossil fuels in conversion
• Highly flammable• Less energy in a gallon of
propane than in a gallon of gasoline or diesel fuel
PROS
CONS
![Page 33: Energy. On your poster What is it? Brief history How is it produced/extracted/harnessed? How is it used? The types Diagram of how it works](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081515/56649d895503460f94a6f802/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
BIOMASSBIOMASS is produced from vegetable oils, animal fats, recycled restaurant greases, and other byproducts of plant, agricultural, and forestry processing or industrial and human waste products.
renewable
• Abundant supply• Fewer emissions than
fossil fuel sources• Can be used in diesel engines• Auto engines can easily be
converted to run on biomass fuel
• Source must be near usage to cut transportation costs
• Emits some pollution • Increases nitrogen oxides,
an air pollutant emissions• Uses some fossil fuels in
conversion
PROS
CONS
![Page 34: Energy. On your poster What is it? Brief history How is it produced/extracted/harnessed? How is it used? The types Diagram of how it works](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081515/56649d895503460f94a6f802/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
ETHANOLETHANOL is a subset of biomass that is manufactured from alcohols, ethers, esters, and other chemicals extracted from plant and tree residue. It can be made from corn, sugar, wheat, and barley.
• Easily manufactured• Fewer emissions than fossil fuel • Carbon-neutral (C02 emissions
offset by photosynthesis in plants)
• Extensive use of cropland• Less energy in a gallon of
ethanol than in a gallon ofgasoline or diesel fuel
• Costs more than gasoline to produce
• Currently requires government subsidy to be affordable to consumers
PROS
CONS
![Page 35: Energy. On your poster What is it? Brief history How is it produced/extracted/harnessed? How is it used? The types Diagram of how it works](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081515/56649d895503460f94a6f802/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
ENERGY
SOURCES OF
THE WORLD!
![Page 36: Energy. On your poster What is it? Brief history How is it produced/extracted/harnessed? How is it used? The types Diagram of how it works](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081515/56649d895503460f94a6f802/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Energy Efficiency vs. Conservation
![Page 37: Energy. On your poster What is it? Brief history How is it produced/extracted/harnessed? How is it used? The types Diagram of how it works](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081515/56649d895503460f94a6f802/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Technology that requires less energy to perform the same function. Any behavior that results in the use of less energy. Energy Star Appliances Two degree adjustment of your thermostat (prevent 500 lbs of carbon) Programable themostats Using an insulation with an R value of 26 or greater. Weather strips Windows with a low U value ( 1.1 bad and .22 good) Strategically placing trees and shurbs Use CFL’s (compact florescent light bulbs) (260 lbs a year) Low flow showerheads Showers instead of baths Fix leaking faucets Cold to wash clothes Lower the temperature of your water heater Combine errands Turn off engines Have your car serviced Keep tires inflated to recommended amount Don’t : accelerate quickly, travel at high speeds, (lowers efficiency by
15%, Recycle
![Page 38: Energy. On your poster What is it? Brief history How is it produced/extracted/harnessed? How is it used? The types Diagram of how it works](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081515/56649d895503460f94a6f802/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Personal Energy Inventory
![Page 39: Energy. On your poster What is it? Brief history How is it produced/extracted/harnessed? How is it used? The types Diagram of how it works](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081515/56649d895503460f94a6f802/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
How much Energy?!?!?!
http://oaspub.epa.gov/powpro/ept_pack.charts
![Page 40: Energy. On your poster What is it? Brief history How is it produced/extracted/harnessed? How is it used? The types Diagram of how it works](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081515/56649d895503460f94a6f802/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
What about worldwide usage???
http://www.midlandisd.net/Page/18763