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Effective Presentations Skills
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Definitions
Presentation
Something set forth to an audience for theattention of the mind
Effective
producing a desired result
Source: http://www.merriam-webster.com
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Types ofpresentation
Press conference: two chief executives tell journalists whytheir companies have merged.
Briefing: a senior officer gives information to other
officers about an operation
Demonstration: the head of research and developmenttells non-technical colleagues about a now machine.
Product launch: a car company announces a new model.
Lecture: a university professor communicates informationabout economics to 300 students.
Talk: a member of a stamp-collecting club tells othermembers about 19th century British stamps.
Workshop: a yoga expert tells people how to improve
their breathing techniques
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Great speakers arent born,they are trained.
Presenting is a Skill
Developed through experienceand training.
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The presenter
Interpersonal impressions are based on:
Verbal messages (what is said) 7%
Vocal messages (how it is said) 38%
Nonverbal messages (face/gestures) 55%
First impressions 100%
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Presentation strategy
DONT dive right into the content ofyour presentation!
Thats like saying
READY FIRE!Without taking AIM first!
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You must first take AIM!
Analyze YourAudience
Clearly Identify the Intent of Your Presentation
Make your Message Stick
AIMMessageAudience
Intent
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Why Give A Presentation?
Main Purposes
1. Inform2. Persuade
3. Educate/ Entertain
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Make Your Message Stick
If we choose to present, remember
People onlyrememberPeople onlyremembera small portion of what is said.a small portion of what is said.
AUDIENCE MEMORY CURVE
High
BEGINNING of Presentation END of
Presentation
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Make Your Message Stick
Other tips for retention:
Limit it to 3 to 5 keypoints
Include a preview Use transitions
Use repetition
Flag information if you only remember one thing
today. Throw in the unexpected (humor, audio/video)
Involve the audience
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Problems with presentations
Problems with groups when presenting:
Large group (lack of intimacy)
Small group (lack of formality) Group may not be interested
Group may be very diverse
Group may be hostile
Group may not have basic knowledge
How might you deal with these?
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Effective Presentations
Are when
Anxiety is under controlAudience Centered
Accomplishes Objective
Fun ForAudienceFun For You
Conducted Within Time Frame
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Organizing Your Presentation
Organizational Patterns
Topical
Chronological
Problem/Solution
Cause/Effect
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More Planning
Organization
Determine Main Points (2-5)
Evidence
Transitions
Prepare Outline
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Presentation Outline
Keyword Reminders
Conversational Flow
Flexibility
More Responsive to Audience
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Ten Worst Fears
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Some Fears
1. Speaking before a group
2. Heights
3. Insects/bugs4. Financial problems
5. Deep water
6. Sickness
7. Death
8. Flying
9. Loneliness
10. Dogs
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#1 Fear
Feared More Than Death!
THE FACTS: Shaky hands, blushing
cheeks, memory loss, nausea, and knocking
knees
NORMAL!
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Causes of the Anxiety
Fear of the Unknown ORLoss of Control
Fight or Flight Mode
No Backup PlanNo Enthusiasm For Subject
Focus ofAttention
Proper preparation reduces this fear by about 75%.Proper breathing techniques reduce this fear by another
15%.
Your mental state accounts for the remaining 10%.
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Hiding Nervousness
It is possible to hide nervousness!
Dont let the shaking show!
Make a fist; hold the lectern
Speak loudly
Take a deep breath
Look at a friendly face
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Planning Your Presentation
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A.U.D.I.E.N.C.E. Analysis
Assess YourAudience
Success depends on your ability to reach youraudience.
Size
Demographics(age, gender, race, culture, political
affiliation) What is their familiarity with the jargon?
Knowledge Level
Motivation
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Planning the Venue
Plan Space
Number of Seats
SeatingArrangement
Audio/Visual Equipment
Distracters
Develop Plan B: be ready for disaster recoveryWhat Day and Time?
Any Day!
Morning
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The Presentation Sequence
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Build Rapport
relation marked by harmony or affinity
Audience members who trust you and feel that you care
Start Before You Begin Mingle; Learn Names
Opportunity to reinforce or correct audience assessment
Good First Impression
People Listen To People They Like
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Opening Your Presentation
Introduce Yourself Why Should They Listen
Get Attention, Build More Rapport, Introduce
Topic Humor
Short Story
Starling Statistic MakeAudience Think
Invite Participation
Get Audience Response
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Completing the Opening
Clearly Defining Topic
If Informative Clear parameters for content within time
If Persuasive
Whats the problem
Who cares
Whats the solution
Overview
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Presenting Main Points
Main Point-Transition
Supporting EvidenceExamples
Feedback & Questions From Audience
Attention to, and Focus on, Audience(Listening)
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Keyphrases: Introduction
Introduce yourself and your subject.
My names and I work for .. My talk is
Called.Outline what youre going to talk about: describethe different sections of your talk.
There are three main skills areas I want to talk
about todaySay whether people should ask questions duringthe talk, or at the end If you have any
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Language Checklist ( Introduction)
Greeting
Good Morning
Hello Everyone.
Subject
Im going to speak about
The theme of my presentation is
Id like to give you an overview of
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Language Checklist ( Introduction)
Structure
My talk will be in three parts
I am going to divide
First, Second, Third, Finally.
Timing
My talk will last for about 15 minutes
The presentation will last about 20 min
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Keyphrases: main part
OK. To begin, lets look at the first type
Of course, related to
But Im digressing: thats all we have time for ..
Lets move on to the second area: interpersonal skills.
As you can see on this transparency, there are two key
areas I think that covers everything on
Time is moving on, so lets turn to the third area:
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CONCLUSIONS RRemembered
Goal
Inform audience that youre about to close
Summarize main points
Something to remember or call-to-action
Answer questions
Tell em What You Told em.
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Language Checklist ( End )
Ending the main body of the presentation
Right, That ends my talk
Thats all I want to say for now
Beginning the summary/ or conclusion
Id like to end by emphasizing the main ..
ConcludingThere are two conclusions
I think we have to.
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Language Checklist ( End )
Inviting questions and/ or introducing discussion
That concludes my talk. ( Thanks for listening)..
Now Id like to invite your comments
Now we half half an hour for questions and
discussions
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Questions
Paraphrase questions
so that other people hear the question
to check you understand the questions
to stall while you think about an answer
If you dont know the answer, say so.
Offer to find out.
Ask the audience.
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Useful phrases:Questions
Thats confidential. Im afraid Im not at liberty to tell
you.
Thats not really my field. But I can put you in touch
with someone in my organization who is working..
Well, I think that goes beyond the scope of todays
presentation. Today I wanted to concentrate on
Im afraid weve run out of time. But ifyoud like to
come and discuss that with me now, Ill try and giveyou and answer.
I think thats a good place to stop. Thankyou.
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Presentation Style
Voice
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Presentation Style
Vocal Techniques
Loudness
Pitch
Rate
Pause
Deviations From the Norm forEmphasis
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Assessing the personality ofyour voice
Were you rushing through the words?
Were you in a hurry to get it over with?
While speaking, were you breathing normally? Because you were speaking formally, were you trying to
sound professional?
Were you trying to imitate someone else's speaking style?
Were you pronouncing the vowels from the depths of yourdiaphragm?
Were you enunciating the consonants completely and
carefully?
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Vocal Warm Up
Warm up your voice
Good speech takes muscle
Tips for keeping your voice clear. Get a good nights sleep & get up early
Take a hot shower
AVOID milk
Drink warm liquids (but avoid caffeine) Hum
Breathe deeply
Drink tap water (not cold!)
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Body Language
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KeyElements of Body Language
Eye Communication
Facial Expressions
Gestures
Posture
Movement
Dress and Appearance
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Eye Communication
The most important tool for personal impact
Look forward at audience (trust)
Dont shift eyeballs; dont look in corner.
Dont look too much at computer screen or your notes.
Look at peoples faces (not eyes)
3-6 seconds per person.
Shift randomly.
Nod, smile, use facial expression.
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Visual Skills Hands
Gesture complements talk
Should come naturally, without thinking
Make sure they match!
Need to exaggerate a little
Especially with large audience
Dont fidget or put in pocket
Videotape whole talk & watch
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Presentation Style ( Non- Verbal)
Body Language
Eye Contact, Gestures, Posture
Use of Space
Can Everyone See You?
Movement
Clean-cut, pleasant dress
Firmly planted feet,
square with shoulders
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Facial Expressions
Energy and Openness for effectiveness
What are your habits?
Is your face Open and Smiling?
Neutral?
Serious and Intense?
Smiles have musclesPersonality factor - Connecting at the emotionallevel
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Tips About Facial Expressions
Leave that deadpan expression
Show emotion!
Most of the time: I care a lot about this.
I really believe in this.
I love my work.
Sometimes (in response to questions). This is the most outrageous thing Ive ever heard.
I will have nothing to do with this.
People watch a speaker's face during a
presentation
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Gestures ,Postures, Movements
Find your nervous gestures
Open and closed gestures
The HandsStand tall and stand erect
Watch your lower body
The ready position keep your energy forward
Walk away from the wall
Do the two-step
Move to add energy
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Common Problems
Verbal fillers
Um, uh, like
Any unrelated word or phrase
Swaying, rocking, and pacing
Hands in pockets
Lip smacking
Fidgeting
Failure to be audience-centered
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Some More Tips
1. Smile
2. Breathe3. Water
4. Notes
5. Finish On OrUnderTime
6. Dont go overtime.Ever.
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Creating Effective Visual Aids
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Top10 most predictable
presentation mistakes
Electrifying Color Choices:
Zoom, Zoom - The Animation Wizard:
W-A-Y Too Many Slides:
Design Templates Are Great -- When Used
Correctly:
Poor Font Choices :
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Top10 most predictable
presentation mistakes
Photos and Graphs Should Only Illustrate
Key Points:
The Audience Came to See YOU -- NotYour Slides:
T. M. I. ~ Too Much Information:
Hardware Malfunctions:You Don't Know Your Topic!
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Visual Aids
Enhance Understanding
Add VarietySupport Claims
Lasting Impact
Used PoorlyA DistractionIneffective
Presentation
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VisualAids - Examples
PowerPoint Slides
Overhead Trans Graphs/Charts
Pictures
Films/Video Flip Charts
Sketches
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Visual Aids Should
Supplement presentation
Outline of main points
Serve audiences needs, not speakers
Simple and clear
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Purpose ofUsing Visual Aids
Visual aids:
Support your ideas
Improve audience comprehension
Add variety
Gives the audience a break from listening
Illustrates complex ideas or concepts
Helpful in reinforcing ideas
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Be Visible
Titles should be 38-44 pt. font size
Text should be 28 pt font size
ALL CAPITALS IS HARDERTO READ,
ALTHOUGH IT MIGHT BE OKFOR
THE ODD TITLE
Use color wisely Contrasting colors
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Thank You