Effect of river bank filtration onwater quality
WaterWater WorkshopWorkshop NoviNovi SadSad 20162016Water Water WorkshopWorkshop, , NoviNovi SadSad 20162016
Prof. Prof. Ernő FleitErnő Fleit, vice , vice rectorrectorProf. Zoltán Melicz, Prof. Zoltán Melicz, rectorrector
Eötvös József CollegeEötvös József CollegeBaja, HungaryBaja, Hungaryj , g yj , g y
The dilemma of RBFThe dilemma of RBFThe dilemma of RBFThe dilemma of RBF
AlluvialAlluvial riversrivers areare constantlyconstantly changingchanging(flow (flow statisticsstatistics, , hydrologicalhydrological(( ,, y gy gconditionsconditions, , waterwater qualityquality, , pollutionpollutionloadsloads, , accidentalaccidental spillsspills, , riverriver,, pp ,,morphologymorphology, etc., etc.RequirementRequirement ofof continuouscontinuous waterwaterRequirementRequirement of of continuouscontinuous waterwatersupplysupply atat standard standard qualityquality
Riverbank filtration (RBF) and main ( )attenuation processes
EcosystemEcosystem servicesservices bybyyy yyRBFRBFEffective removal of the following contaminants:
Pathogenic microorganismsSuspended solidsAlgal toxinsDissol ed o ganic mate ialsDissolved organic materialsNitrateAmmoniumAmmoniumDisinfection by-product precursors
Global Global climateclimate scenariosscenarioseffectingeffecting hydrologicalhydrological cyclecycle
WhatWhat couldcould happenhappen inin thetheppppnextnext 100 100 yearsyears??
LongLong--termterm changeschanges affectingaffectinggg gg gg((threateningthreatening) RBF ) RBF processesprocesses??
ExtremeExtreme hydrometerorologicalhydrometerorologicalconditionsconditions, , floodsfloods, , lowlow waterswaters, , riverriver,, ,, ,,bedbed deepeningdeepening, , dischargedischarge changeschangesWaterWater qualityquality changeschanges inclincl effectseffects ofofWater Water qualityquality changeschanges, , inclincl. . effectseffects of of hydrobiologicalhydrobiological agentsagents, , invasiveinvasivespeciesspeciesspeciesspeciesSurpriseSurprise scenariosscenarios ((cyanidecyanide spillspill, , redredsludgesludge catastrophecatastrophe navigationnavigation))sludgesludge catastrophecatastrophe, , navigationnavigation))
LongLong--termterm changeschanges of of DanubeDanube waterwatert tt t d id i thth tt 4040temperaturetemperature duringduring thethe ppastast 40 40 yearsyears
Changes of ater temperat re
30
Changes of water temperature(Danube, Dunaföldvár)
éves átlag augusztusi átlag
20
25
10
15
0
5
10
0
1968
1970
1972
1974
1976
1978
1980
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
HydrologyHydrology::durationduration andand frequencyfrequency ofof lowlowdurationduration and and frequencyfrequency of of lowlowwaterwater periodsperiods is is increasingincreasing
PAKSI ÉVES KISVíZÁLLÁSOKPAKSI ÉVES KISVíZÁLLÁSOK 1900 - 2005
250
300
ízTervezés időszakaTrend 1900 1980
150
200
s, cm
1983
.évi
kis
víz
2003
.08.
30-i
kisv
íTrend 1900 - 1980
50
100
Paks
i víz
állá
s
100
-50
0
Trend 1900-2005
-1001900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
LLowow waterwater periodsperiods and and ppwaterwater levelslevels
DUNAI VíZÁLLÁS - VIZHOZAM KAPCSOLAT PAKSNÁL 1983-2005
200
150
BME 1983
VITUKI 1986/87
1988/97
1998/2001
2002
BME: Közelítőleg becsült kapcsolat az 1983. évi kisvízkorVITUKI: Rendszeres évenkénti mérések 1986 - 2005 között
50
100
Paks
i víz
állá
s, c
m 2002
2003
2004
2005
Lineáris (2004)
0800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
( )
-50
Dunai vízhozam, m3/s
RiverRiver bedbed changeschanges onon thethemiddlemiddle sectionsection ofof thethemiddlemiddle sectionsection of of thetheDanubeDanube inin HungaryHungary
Kisvízszint mérések éves átlagai a Dunaföldvár PAE Duna szakaszon paksi "0" vízállásra redukálvaKisvízszint mérések éves átlagai a Dunaföldvár - PAE Duna-szakaszon, paksi 0 vízállásra redukálva
87,5
88
m
kotrási tilalom
86,5
87
mB
f
1997
1998
1999
2000m 31,3
fkm
ksi A
tom
erőm
ű 15
26,8
fk
VITUKI mérések
85,5
86
2000
2001
2002
2003..
2004.
2005..Dun
aföl
dvár
156
0,6
fkm
ke 1
550
fkm
2,57
fkm
Paks
153 Pak
Paksi "0" = 85 38 mBf
84,5
85
152515301535154015451550155515601565
Böl
csk
Mad
ocsa
154
2 Paksi 0 = 85,38 mBf
fkm 4. ábra
ObrenovacObrenovac 2014 Budapest2014 BudapestObrenovacObrenovac 2014, Budapest 2014, Budapest 2015 (2015 (twotwo floodflood typestypes!)!)
TrendsTrends and and countermeasurescountermeasures
TheThe extremitiesextremities willwill becomebecome more more frequentfrequentWaterWater levelslevels atat lowlow flowsflows willwill bebe lowerlowerWater Water levelslevels atat lowlow flowsflows willwill be be lowerlower–– thethe needsneeds of of developmentdevelopment of of novelnoveladoptationadoptation strategiesstrategiesRiRi i ii i i i ii i i hh bbRiverRiver trainingtraining activitiesactivities has has toto be be controlledcontrolled –– particularlyparticularly dredgingdredging of of DanubianDanubian gravelgravel layerslayersgg yyWater Water qualityquality changeschanges havehave toto be be meticulouslymeticulously monitoredmonitored
WhatWhat isis inin thethe DanubeDanube??WhatWhat is is inin thethe DanubeDanube??
Water Water qualityquality changeschanges (+)(+)HydrobiologicalHydrobiological componentscomponents ((--/+ ?)/+ ?)HydrobiologicalHydrobiological componentscomponents (( /+ ?)/+ ?)BiologicalBiological foulingfouling inin waterwater intakesintakes and and RBFRBF systemssystems andand inin thethe waterwaterRBF RBF systemssystems, and , and inin thethe waterwaterdistributiondistribution networksnetworks
TrendsTrends onon thethe DanubeDanube((19731973 2003)2003) thisthis DanubeDanube((19731973--2003) 2003) -- thisthis DanubeDanubeis is notnot thethe samesame anymoreanymore……BOI5 (mg/l), átlag
7
7,5
81629 fkm, Nagytétény1560.6 fkm Dunaföldvár1507.6 fkm Fajsz
5 5
6
6,5
7 j1479.7 fkm Baja1451.7fkm Mohács1433 fkm Hercegszántó
4,5
5
5,5
3
3,5
4
1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 20021972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002
BOD5 changes between Budapest-Serbian border in 30 years
ChangesChanges of of ammoniumammonium--nitrogennitrogenconcentrationconcentration ofof DanubeDanube betweenbetweenBudapestBudapest--SerbianSerbian borderborder duringduring thethepastpast 30 30 yearsyearsNH4-N (mg/l), átlagpaspas 3030 yea syea s
0,6
0,71629 fkm, Nagytétény1560.6 fkm Dunaföldvár1507.6 fkm Fajsz
0,4
0,5
j1479.7 fkm Baja1451.7fkm Mohács1433 fkm Hercegszántó
0,2
0,3
0
0,1
1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 20021972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002
OrthoOrtho--phosphatephosphatep pp pconcentrationsconcentrations (1974(1974--2002)2002)
PO4-P (mg/m3), átlag4 ( g ), g
200
250
1629 fkm, Nagytétény1560.6 fkm Dunaföldvár
150
200 1507.6 fkm Fajsz1479.7 fkm Baja1451.7fkm Mohács1433 fkm Hercegszántó
100
0
50
1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 20021972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002
BioindicationBioindication EUEU WFDWFDBioindicationBioindication –– EU EU WFDWFD
BiomonitoringBiomonitoring systemssystemsPPhytoplanktonhytoplankton: : thethe DanubianDanubian phytoplanktonphytoplanktonbibi hh iibiomassbiomass showsshows a a monotonousmonotonous, , continuouscontinuousincreaseincrease towardstowards SerbiaSerbia thatthat is is paralelledparalelled bybythethe decreasedecrease of speciesof species numbernumber andandthethe decreasedecrease of species of species numbernumber and and diversitydiversity. . MacroscopicMacroscopic invertebrateinvertebrate fauna has fauna has changedchangedduringduring thethe pastpast fewfew decadesdecadesMONITORING NEEDS MONITORING NEEDS –– TECHNICAL TECHNICAL MITIGATION OF THE POTENTIALMITIGATION OF THE POTENTIALMITIGATION OF THE POTENTIAL MITIGATION OF THE POTENTIAL PROBLEMS PROBLEMS
InvasiveInvasive species species --ppCorbiculaCorbicula sppspp..
OtherOther newnew” species (2006)” species (2006)OtherOther „„newnew” species (2006)” species (2006)
BiologicalBiological safetysafety and and gg yysecuritysecurity
Human Human entericenteric virusvirus ((Enterovirus, Hepatitis A, Calicivirus, Rotavirus, p , , ,Adenovirus and Astrovirus) ) approxapprox. 30 . 30 millionmillion casescases inin thethe USA USA annuallyannuallyyy–– WastewaterWastewater –– 101022--101044/l/l–– SurfaceSurface waterwater –– 1010--11--101033/l/lSurfaceSurface waterwater 1010 1010 /l/l–– DrinkingDrinking waterwater –– 1010--77-- 1010--33/l/l
Most Most frequentfrequent human human qqenteralenteral pathogenpathogen virusesviruses
Virus type Virological parametersDisease Mortality rate % Survival of virus Effects of
disinfection
Norovirus Gastroenteritis, fever 0,0001 Several months in Resistant toNorovirus Gastroenteritis, fever 0,0001 Several months in surface water
Resistant to chlorine ( up to5-6 mg/l)
Hepatitis A Hepatitis 0,60 Month in wet environs an d on surface of faeces
Resistant to most of disinfection, incl. chlorinefaeces chlorine
Rotavirus Gastroenteritis 0,01-0,12 Days-weeks Resistant to chlorine, chlor-diodixe and ozone
Adenovirus Gastroenteritis, respiratory diseases
0,01 -
Poliovirus Paralysis, fever 0,9 - Reactant to chlorine
ComparisonComparison of of presentlypresentlyavailableavailable virusvirus detectiondetectionavailableavailable virusvirus detectiondetectionmethodsmethods
Qualification▼ Fair▲ Good
Method
C ll lt t t El ELISA RT PCRCell culture test (not feasible for all virus!)
Electronmicroscopy
ELISA RT-PCR
Detection limit(virus/ml)
1-10 ▲ 105-106 ▼ 104-105 ▼ 102-107 ▼
Specificity Bad ▼ Good ▲ Good ▲ Excellent▲
Practical use Uneasy ▼ Uneasy▼ Uneasy ▼ Uneasy ▼
Monitoring use No▼ No ▼ No ▼ No ▼
Cost/test (Euro) 10▲ 300▼ 20▼ 200▼
Viruses in recreational waterViruses in recreational waterss --outbreaksoutbreaks
ViralViral outbreaksoutbreaks byby causescausesViralViral outbreaksoutbreaks byby causescauses((aetiologicalaetiological agentsagents, n= 55), n= 55)
Journal of Applied MicrobiologyVolume 107, Issue 6, pages 1769-1780, 5 MAY 2009
TemperatureTemperature effectseffects
• Changes in rate of vector population growth• Changes in feeding behavior• Changes in susceptibility of vector to pathogens• Changes in incubation period of pathogen• Changes in seasonality of vector activity• Changes in seasonality of vector activity• Changes in seasonality of pathogen transmission
RainfallRainfall//floodingflooding effectseffects• Low rainfall can also increase breeding sites by slowing river
flowIncreased rain can increase vegetation and allow expansion• Increased rain can increase vegetation and allow expansion in population of vertebrate host
• Flooding may eliminate habitat for both vectors and vertebrate hostsvertebrate hosts
• Increased surface water can provide breeding sites for vectorsFl di f t b t h t i t l t t ith• Flooding may force vertebrate hosts into closer contact with humans
AQUANES AQUANES –– EJC EJC The project focuses on 13 demonstration sites in Europe, The project focuses on 13 demonstration sites in Europe, India and IsraelIndia and Israel ((representative range of regional, climatic, representative range of regional, climatic, and hydrogeological conditionsand hydrogeological conditions),), combined naturalcombined natural--engineered engineered y g gy g g )) ggtreatment systems (treatment systems (cNEScNES)). O. Objectivesbjectives::
•• • • benefits of postbenefits of post--treatment options such as membranes, treatment options such as membranes, ti t d b dti t d b d titi ft b k filt ti f thft b k filt ti f thactivated carbon and activated carbon and ozonationozonation after bank filtration for the after bank filtration for the
production of safe drinking water production of safe drinking water •• • to validate the treatment and storage capacity of soil• to validate the treatment and storage capacity of soil--aquifer aquifer
t i bi ti ith id tit i bi ti ith id ti t t tt t tsystems in combination with oxidative presystems in combination with oxidative pre--treatments treatments
•• • • to evidence reductions in operating costs and energy to evidence reductions in operating costs and energy consumptionconsumptionconsumptionconsumption
•• • to test a robust risk assessment framework for • to test a robust risk assessment framework for cNEScNES•• • to deliver guidance for • to deliver guidance for cNEScNES
CorrosionCorrosion and and secondarysecondary waterwateryyqualityquality deteriorationdeterioration
MethodologicalMethodological and and methodicalmethodicalquestionsquestionsqqBiofilmBiofilm researchresearch
MicrobialMicrobial corrosioncorrosionMicrobialMicrobial corrosioncorrosion
The heterogenous biofilm on the inner wall of the pipeline forms MIC plaques. The innnermost layer of the biofilm become depleted in dissolved y poxygen. Anaerobic conditions initate biocorrosion processes.
ProblemsProblems causedcaused byby ironironyybacteriabacteria
TasteTaste and and odourodour problemsproblems. . OdourOdour mightmight be a be a prioritypriorityproblemproblem inin stagnantstagnant pipepipe sectionssections. . ColourColour. . IronIron bacteriabacteria clorclor thethe waterwater toto redred--yellowyellow--orangeorange. . OccasionallyOccasionally oilyoily waterwater surfacesurface couldcould bebe detecteddetectedOccasionallyOccasionally oilyoily waterwater surfacesurface couldcould be be detecteddetected((rainbowrainbow). ). ReddishReddish, , slimyslimy filmsfilms. . SlimySlimy filmsfilms withwith featherfeather--likelikestructurestructure areare thethe preliminariespreliminaries forfor MIC and MIC and biologicalbiological
iicorrosioncorrosion..
Outlook and Outlook and futurefuture R+D R+D prioritiespriorities inin HUHU SRBSRBprioritiespriorities inin HUHU--SRBSRBcooperationcooperation
RBF RBF casecase studiesstudies and and improvementsimprovements of of technologytechnologyD lD l ff ll ii ii ii i ii iDevelopmentDevelopment of of realreal--timetime, , inin--situsitu monitoring monitoring capabilitiescapabilities forfor thethe detectiondetection of of virusvirus, , bacteriabacteria, MZB and Protozoa., MZB and Protozoa.bacteriabacteria, MZB and Protozoa., MZB and Protozoa.IndicatorIndicator parametersparameters relatedrelated toto MIC.MIC.NonNon--invasiveinvasive methodsmethods toto studystudy „„livelive”” waterwaterNonNon invasiveinvasive methodsmethods toto studystudy „„livelive waterwaterdistributiondistribution systemssystems..UnderstandingUnderstanding biofilmbiofilm phenomenaphenomena and and
ll ff hhsurvivalsurvival of of pathogenspathogens. .
Possibilities for using bank filtration for sustainable water supply in AP pp yVojvodina (book in 2015)
PartnersPartners: University : University NoviNovi SadSad, Eötvös , Eötvös József College, and József College, and industrialindustrial partnerspartnersg ,g , ppStarting Starting pointpoint forfor a a longlong--termtermcooperationcooperation betweenbetween thethe SerbianSerbian andandcooperationcooperation betweenbetween thethe SerbianSerbian and and HungarianHungarian partnerspartners, , includingincludingresearchresearch developmentdevelopment andand atatresearchresearch, , developmentdevelopment, , andand atattechnicaltechnical levelslevels ((suchsuch asas H2020 H2020 projectsprojects RBFRBF reconstructionreconstruction floodfloodprojectsprojects, RBF , RBF reconstructionreconstruction, , floodfloodcontrolcontrol, , bedbed loadload transporttransport, etc.), etc.)
ConclusionsConclusionsConclusionsConclusions
ClimaticClimatic and and hydrologicalhydrological, , waterwater chemistrychemistry, , hydrobiologicalhydrobiological changeschanges areare evidentevident and and requiringrequiring longlong termterm adaptationadaptation strategiesstrategiesrequiringrequiring longlong--termterm adaptationadaptation strategiesstrategiesPredictionsPredictions areare highlyhighly uncertainuncertainSocietialSocietial andand ecologicalecological effectseffects willwill ((ifif occuroccur))SocietialSocietial and and ecologicalecological effectseffects willwill ((ifif occuroccur) ) be be largelargePreventativePreventative measuresmeasures areare largelylargely policy andpolicy andPreventativePreventative measuresmeasures areare largelylargely policy and policy and politicspolitics drivendrivenInternational International cooperationcooperation is is neededneeded –– R+D, R+D,
h lh lmonitoring, monitoring, technicaltechnical countermeasurescountermeasures
ThankThank youyou forfor attentionattention!!
fleit.ernofleit.erno@@ejf.huejf.hujjmmelicz.zoltanelicz.zoltan@@ejf.huejf.hu