Effect of river bank filtration onwater quality

WaterWater WorkshopWorkshop NoviNovi SadSad 20162016Water Water WorkshopWorkshop, , NoviNovi SadSad 20162016

Prof. Prof. Ernő FleitErnő Fleit, vice , vice rectorrectorProf. Zoltán Melicz, Prof. Zoltán Melicz, rectorrector

Eötvös József CollegeEötvös József CollegeBaja, HungaryBaja, Hungaryj , g yj , g y

The dilemma of RBFThe dilemma of RBFThe dilemma of RBFThe dilemma of RBF

AlluvialAlluvial riversrivers areare constantlyconstantly changingchanging(flow (flow statisticsstatistics, , hydrologicalhydrological(( ,, y gy gconditionsconditions, , waterwater qualityquality, , pollutionpollutionloadsloads, , accidentalaccidental spillsspills, , riverriver,, pp ,,morphologymorphology, etc., etc.RequirementRequirement ofof continuouscontinuous waterwaterRequirementRequirement of of continuouscontinuous waterwatersupplysupply atat standard standard qualityquality

Riverbank filtration (RBF) and main ( )attenuation processes

EcosystemEcosystem servicesservices bybyyy yyRBFRBFEffective removal of the following contaminants:

Pathogenic microorganismsSuspended solidsAlgal toxinsDissol ed o ganic mate ialsDissolved organic materialsNitrateAmmoniumAmmoniumDisinfection by-product precursors

Global Global climateclimate scenariosscenarioseffectingeffecting hydrologicalhydrological cyclecycle

WhatWhat couldcould happenhappen inin thetheppppnextnext 100 100 yearsyears??

LongLong--termterm changeschanges affectingaffectinggg gg gg((threateningthreatening) RBF ) RBF processesprocesses??

ExtremeExtreme hydrometerorologicalhydrometerorologicalconditionsconditions, , floodsfloods, , lowlow waterswaters, , riverriver,, ,, ,,bedbed deepeningdeepening, , dischargedischarge changeschangesWaterWater qualityquality changeschanges inclincl effectseffects ofofWater Water qualityquality changeschanges, , inclincl. . effectseffects of of hydrobiologicalhydrobiological agentsagents, , invasiveinvasivespeciesspeciesspeciesspeciesSurpriseSurprise scenariosscenarios ((cyanidecyanide spillspill, , redredsludgesludge catastrophecatastrophe navigationnavigation))sludgesludge catastrophecatastrophe, , navigationnavigation))

LongLong--termterm changeschanges of of DanubeDanube waterwatert tt t d id i thth tt 4040temperaturetemperature duringduring thethe ppastast 40 40 yearsyears

Changes of ater temperat re

30

Changes of water temperature(Danube, Dunaföldvár)

éves átlag augusztusi átlag

20

25

10

15

0

5

10

0

1968

1970

1972

1974

1976

1978

1980

1982

1984

1986

1988

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

HydrologyHydrology::durationduration andand frequencyfrequency ofof lowlowdurationduration and and frequencyfrequency of of lowlowwaterwater periodsperiods is is increasingincreasing

PAKSI ÉVES KISVíZÁLLÁSOKPAKSI ÉVES KISVíZÁLLÁSOK 1900 - 2005

250

300

ízTervezés időszakaTrend 1900 1980

150

200

s, cm

1983

.évi

kis

víz

2003

.08.

30-i

kisv

íTrend 1900 - 1980

50

100

Paks

i víz

állá

s

100

-50

0

Trend 1900-2005

-1001900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

LLowow waterwater periodsperiods and and ppwaterwater levelslevels

DUNAI VíZÁLLÁS - VIZHOZAM KAPCSOLAT PAKSNÁL 1983-2005

200

150

BME 1983

VITUKI 1986/87

1988/97

1998/2001

2002

BME: Közelítőleg becsült kapcsolat az 1983. évi kisvízkorVITUKI: Rendszeres évenkénti mérések 1986 - 2005 között

50

100

Paks

i víz

állá

s, c

m 2002

2003

2004

2005

Lineáris (2004)

0800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000

( )

-50

Dunai vízhozam, m3/s

RiverRiver bedbed changeschanges onon thethemiddlemiddle sectionsection ofof thethemiddlemiddle sectionsection of of thetheDanubeDanube inin HungaryHungary

Kisvízszint mérések éves átlagai a Dunaföldvár PAE Duna szakaszon paksi "0" vízállásra redukálvaKisvízszint mérések éves átlagai a Dunaföldvár - PAE Duna-szakaszon, paksi 0 vízállásra redukálva

87,5

88

m

kotrási tilalom

86,5

87

mB

f

1997

1998

1999

2000m 31,3

fkm

ksi A

tom

erőm

ű 15

26,8

fk

VITUKI mérések

85,5

86

2000

2001

2002

2003..

2004.

2005..Dun

aföl

dvár

156

0,6

fkm

ke 1

550

fkm

2,57

fkm

Paks

153 Pak

Paksi "0" = 85 38 mBf

84,5

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152515301535154015451550155515601565

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ocsa

154

2 Paksi 0 = 85,38 mBf

fkm 4. ábra

ObrenovacObrenovac 2014 Budapest2014 BudapestObrenovacObrenovac 2014, Budapest 2014, Budapest 2015 (2015 (twotwo floodflood typestypes!)!)

TrendsTrends and and countermeasurescountermeasures

TheThe extremitiesextremities willwill becomebecome more more frequentfrequentWaterWater levelslevels atat lowlow flowsflows willwill bebe lowerlowerWater Water levelslevels atat lowlow flowsflows willwill be be lowerlower–– thethe needsneeds of of developmentdevelopment of of novelnoveladoptationadoptation strategiesstrategiesRiRi i ii i i i ii i i hh bbRiverRiver trainingtraining activitiesactivities has has toto be be controlledcontrolled –– particularlyparticularly dredgingdredging of of DanubianDanubian gravelgravel layerslayersgg yyWater Water qualityquality changeschanges havehave toto be be meticulouslymeticulously monitoredmonitored

WhatWhat isis inin thethe DanubeDanube??WhatWhat is is inin thethe DanubeDanube??

Water Water qualityquality changeschanges (+)(+)HydrobiologicalHydrobiological componentscomponents ((--/+ ?)/+ ?)HydrobiologicalHydrobiological componentscomponents (( /+ ?)/+ ?)BiologicalBiological foulingfouling inin waterwater intakesintakes and and RBFRBF systemssystems andand inin thethe waterwaterRBF RBF systemssystems, and , and inin thethe waterwaterdistributiondistribution networksnetworks

TrendsTrends onon thethe DanubeDanube((19731973 2003)2003) thisthis DanubeDanube((19731973--2003) 2003) -- thisthis DanubeDanubeis is notnot thethe samesame anymoreanymore……BOI5 (mg/l), átlag

7

7,5

81629 fkm, Nagytétény1560.6 fkm Dunaföldvár1507.6 fkm Fajsz

5 5

6

6,5

7 j1479.7 fkm Baja1451.7fkm Mohács1433 fkm Hercegszántó

4,5

5

5,5

3

3,5

4

1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 20021972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002

BOD5 changes between Budapest-Serbian border in 30 years

ChangesChanges of of ammoniumammonium--nitrogennitrogenconcentrationconcentration ofof DanubeDanube betweenbetweenBudapestBudapest--SerbianSerbian borderborder duringduring thethepastpast 30 30 yearsyearsNH4-N (mg/l), átlagpaspas 3030 yea syea s

0,6

0,71629 fkm, Nagytétény1560.6 fkm Dunaföldvár1507.6 fkm Fajsz

0,4

0,5

j1479.7 fkm Baja1451.7fkm Mohács1433 fkm Hercegszántó

0,2

0,3

0

0,1

1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 20021972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002

OrthoOrtho--phosphatephosphatep pp pconcentrationsconcentrations (1974(1974--2002)2002)

PO4-P (mg/m3), átlag4 ( g ), g

200

250

1629 fkm, Nagytétény1560.6 fkm Dunaföldvár

150

200 1507.6 fkm Fajsz1479.7 fkm Baja1451.7fkm Mohács1433 fkm Hercegszántó

100

0

50

1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 20021972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002

BioindicationBioindication EUEU WFDWFDBioindicationBioindication –– EU EU WFDWFD

BiomonitoringBiomonitoring systemssystemsPPhytoplanktonhytoplankton: : thethe DanubianDanubian phytoplanktonphytoplanktonbibi hh iibiomassbiomass showsshows a a monotonousmonotonous, , continuouscontinuousincreaseincrease towardstowards SerbiaSerbia thatthat is is paralelledparalelled bybythethe decreasedecrease of speciesof species numbernumber andandthethe decreasedecrease of species of species numbernumber and and diversitydiversity. . MacroscopicMacroscopic invertebrateinvertebrate fauna has fauna has changedchangedduringduring thethe pastpast fewfew decadesdecadesMONITORING NEEDS MONITORING NEEDS –– TECHNICAL TECHNICAL MITIGATION OF THE POTENTIALMITIGATION OF THE POTENTIALMITIGATION OF THE POTENTIAL MITIGATION OF THE POTENTIAL PROBLEMS PROBLEMS

InvasiveInvasive species species --ppCorbiculaCorbicula sppspp..

OtherOther newnew” species (2006)” species (2006)OtherOther „„newnew” species (2006)” species (2006)

BiologicalBiological safetysafety and and gg yysecuritysecurity

Human Human entericenteric virusvirus ((Enterovirus, Hepatitis A, Calicivirus, Rotavirus, p , , ,Adenovirus and Astrovirus) ) approxapprox. 30 . 30 millionmillion casescases inin thethe USA USA annuallyannuallyyy–– WastewaterWastewater –– 101022--101044/l/l–– SurfaceSurface waterwater –– 1010--11--101033/l/lSurfaceSurface waterwater 1010 1010 /l/l–– DrinkingDrinking waterwater –– 1010--77-- 1010--33/l/l

Most Most frequentfrequent human human qqenteralenteral pathogenpathogen virusesviruses

Virus type Virological parametersDisease Mortality rate % Survival of virus Effects of

disinfection

Norovirus Gastroenteritis, fever 0,0001 Several months in Resistant toNorovirus Gastroenteritis, fever 0,0001 Several months in surface water

Resistant to chlorine ( up to5-6 mg/l)

Hepatitis A Hepatitis 0,60 Month in wet environs an d on surface of faeces

Resistant to most of disinfection, incl. chlorinefaeces chlorine

Rotavirus Gastroenteritis 0,01-0,12 Days-weeks Resistant to chlorine, chlor-diodixe and ozone

Adenovirus Gastroenteritis, respiratory diseases

0,01 -

Poliovirus Paralysis, fever 0,9 - Reactant to chlorine

ComparisonComparison of of presentlypresentlyavailableavailable virusvirus detectiondetectionavailableavailable virusvirus detectiondetectionmethodsmethods

Qualification▼ Fair▲ Good

Method

C ll lt t t El ELISA RT PCRCell culture test (not feasible for all virus!)

Electronmicroscopy

ELISA RT-PCR

Detection limit(virus/ml)

1-10 ▲ 105-106 ▼ 104-105 ▼ 102-107 ▼

Specificity Bad ▼ Good ▲ Good ▲ Excellent▲

Practical use Uneasy ▼ Uneasy▼ Uneasy ▼ Uneasy ▼

Monitoring use No▼ No ▼ No ▼ No ▼

Cost/test (Euro) 10▲ 300▼ 20▼ 200▼

Viruses in recreational waterViruses in recreational waterss --outbreaksoutbreaks

ViralViral outbreaksoutbreaks byby causescausesViralViral outbreaksoutbreaks byby causescauses((aetiologicalaetiological agentsagents, n= 55), n= 55)

Journal of Applied MicrobiologyVolume 107, Issue 6, pages 1769-1780, 5 MAY 2009

TemperatureTemperature effectseffects

• Changes in rate of vector population growth• Changes in feeding behavior• Changes in susceptibility of vector to pathogens• Changes in incubation period of pathogen• Changes in seasonality of vector activity• Changes in seasonality of vector activity• Changes in seasonality of pathogen transmission

RainfallRainfall//floodingflooding effectseffects• Low rainfall can also increase breeding sites by slowing river

flowIncreased rain can increase vegetation and allow expansion• Increased rain can increase vegetation and allow expansion in population of vertebrate host

• Flooding may eliminate habitat for both vectors and vertebrate hostsvertebrate hosts

• Increased surface water can provide breeding sites for vectorsFl di f t b t h t i t l t t ith• Flooding may force vertebrate hosts into closer contact with humans

AQUANES AQUANES –– EJC EJC The project focuses on 13 demonstration sites in Europe, The project focuses on 13 demonstration sites in Europe, India and IsraelIndia and Israel ((representative range of regional, climatic, representative range of regional, climatic, and hydrogeological conditionsand hydrogeological conditions),), combined naturalcombined natural--engineered engineered y g gy g g )) ggtreatment systems (treatment systems (cNEScNES)). O. Objectivesbjectives::

•• • • benefits of postbenefits of post--treatment options such as membranes, treatment options such as membranes, ti t d b dti t d b d titi ft b k filt ti f thft b k filt ti f thactivated carbon and activated carbon and ozonationozonation after bank filtration for the after bank filtration for the

production of safe drinking water production of safe drinking water •• • to validate the treatment and storage capacity of soil• to validate the treatment and storage capacity of soil--aquifer aquifer

t i bi ti ith id tit i bi ti ith id ti t t tt t tsystems in combination with oxidative presystems in combination with oxidative pre--treatments treatments

•• • • to evidence reductions in operating costs and energy to evidence reductions in operating costs and energy consumptionconsumptionconsumptionconsumption

•• • to test a robust risk assessment framework for • to test a robust risk assessment framework for cNEScNES•• • to deliver guidance for • to deliver guidance for cNEScNES

CorrosionCorrosion and and secondarysecondary waterwateryyqualityquality deteriorationdeterioration

MethodologicalMethodological and and methodicalmethodicalquestionsquestionsqqBiofilmBiofilm researchresearch

MicrobialMicrobial corrosioncorrosionMicrobialMicrobial corrosioncorrosion

The heterogenous biofilm on the inner wall of the pipeline forms MIC plaques. The innnermost layer of the biofilm become depleted in dissolved y poxygen. Anaerobic conditions initate biocorrosion processes.

ProblemsProblems causedcaused byby ironironyybacteriabacteria

TasteTaste and and odourodour problemsproblems. . OdourOdour mightmight be a be a prioritypriorityproblemproblem inin stagnantstagnant pipepipe sectionssections. . ColourColour. . IronIron bacteriabacteria clorclor thethe waterwater toto redred--yellowyellow--orangeorange. . OccasionallyOccasionally oilyoily waterwater surfacesurface couldcould bebe detecteddetectedOccasionallyOccasionally oilyoily waterwater surfacesurface couldcould be be detecteddetected((rainbowrainbow). ). ReddishReddish, , slimyslimy filmsfilms. . SlimySlimy filmsfilms withwith featherfeather--likelikestructurestructure areare thethe preliminariespreliminaries forfor MIC and MIC and biologicalbiological

iicorrosioncorrosion..

Outlook and Outlook and futurefuture R+D R+D prioritiespriorities inin HUHU SRBSRBprioritiespriorities inin HUHU--SRBSRBcooperationcooperation

RBF RBF casecase studiesstudies and and improvementsimprovements of of technologytechnologyD lD l ff ll ii ii ii i ii iDevelopmentDevelopment of of realreal--timetime, , inin--situsitu monitoring monitoring capabilitiescapabilities forfor thethe detectiondetection of of virusvirus, , bacteriabacteria, MZB and Protozoa., MZB and Protozoa.bacteriabacteria, MZB and Protozoa., MZB and Protozoa.IndicatorIndicator parametersparameters relatedrelated toto MIC.MIC.NonNon--invasiveinvasive methodsmethods toto studystudy „„livelive”” waterwaterNonNon invasiveinvasive methodsmethods toto studystudy „„livelive waterwaterdistributiondistribution systemssystems..UnderstandingUnderstanding biofilmbiofilm phenomenaphenomena and and

ll ff hhsurvivalsurvival of of pathogenspathogens. .

Possibilities for using bank filtration for sustainable water supply in AP pp yVojvodina (book in 2015)

PartnersPartners: University : University NoviNovi SadSad, Eötvös , Eötvös József College, and József College, and industrialindustrial partnerspartnersg ,g , ppStarting Starting pointpoint forfor a a longlong--termtermcooperationcooperation betweenbetween thethe SerbianSerbian andandcooperationcooperation betweenbetween thethe SerbianSerbian and and HungarianHungarian partnerspartners, , includingincludingresearchresearch developmentdevelopment andand atatresearchresearch, , developmentdevelopment, , andand atattechnicaltechnical levelslevels ((suchsuch asas H2020 H2020 projectsprojects RBFRBF reconstructionreconstruction floodfloodprojectsprojects, RBF , RBF reconstructionreconstruction, , floodfloodcontrolcontrol, , bedbed loadload transporttransport, etc.), etc.)

ConclusionsConclusionsConclusionsConclusions

ClimaticClimatic and and hydrologicalhydrological, , waterwater chemistrychemistry, , hydrobiologicalhydrobiological changeschanges areare evidentevident and and requiringrequiring longlong termterm adaptationadaptation strategiesstrategiesrequiringrequiring longlong--termterm adaptationadaptation strategiesstrategiesPredictionsPredictions areare highlyhighly uncertainuncertainSocietialSocietial andand ecologicalecological effectseffects willwill ((ifif occuroccur))SocietialSocietial and and ecologicalecological effectseffects willwill ((ifif occuroccur) ) be be largelargePreventativePreventative measuresmeasures areare largelylargely policy andpolicy andPreventativePreventative measuresmeasures areare largelylargely policy and policy and politicspolitics drivendrivenInternational International cooperationcooperation is is neededneeded –– R+D, R+D,

h lh lmonitoring, monitoring, technicaltechnical countermeasurescountermeasures

ThankThank youyou forfor attentionattention!!

fleit.ernofleit.erno@@ejf.huejf.hujjmmelicz.zoltanelicz.zoltan@@ejf.huejf.hu