![Page 1: Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed. © 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods Melhoramento de Imagens Paulo Sérgio Rodrigues PEL205](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070310/552fc0f8497959413d8b4be5/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.www.imageprocessingbook.com
© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Melhoramento de Imagens
Paulo Sérgio Rodrigues
PEL205
![Page 2: Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed. © 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods Melhoramento de Imagens Paulo Sérgio Rodrigues PEL205](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070310/552fc0f8497959413d8b4be5/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.www.imageprocessingbook.com
© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Chapter 3Image Enhancement in the
Spatial Domain
Chapter 3Image Enhancement in the
Spatial Domain
![Page 3: Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed. © 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods Melhoramento de Imagens Paulo Sérgio Rodrigues PEL205](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070310/552fc0f8497959413d8b4be5/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.www.imageprocessingbook.com
© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Chapter 3Image Enhancement in the
Spatial Domain
Chapter 3Image Enhancement in the
Spatial Domain
![Page 4: Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed. © 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods Melhoramento de Imagens Paulo Sérgio Rodrigues PEL205](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070310/552fc0f8497959413d8b4be5/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.www.imageprocessingbook.com
© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Melhoramento no Domínio Espacial
Alguns tipos simples de transformações de intensidade
• Negativo
• Stretching
• Compressão
• Slicing
Uma maneira de realizar algumas dessas operações é atravésda função de transformação g(x,y) = c f(x,y)y
![Page 5: Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed. © 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods Melhoramento de Imagens Paulo Sérgio Rodrigues PEL205](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070310/552fc0f8497959413d8b4be5/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.www.imageprocessingbook.com
© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Chapter 3Image Enhancement in the
Spatial Domain
Chapter 3Image Enhancement in the
Spatial Domain
![Page 6: Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed. © 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods Melhoramento de Imagens Paulo Sérgio Rodrigues PEL205](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070310/552fc0f8497959413d8b4be5/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.www.imageprocessingbook.com
© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Chapter 3Image Enhancement in the
Spatial Domain
Chapter 3Image Enhancement in the
Spatial Domain
![Page 7: Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed. © 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods Melhoramento de Imagens Paulo Sérgio Rodrigues PEL205](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070310/552fc0f8497959413d8b4be5/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.www.imageprocessingbook.com
© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Chapter 3Image Enhancement in the
Spatial Domain
Chapter 3Image Enhancement in the
Spatial Domain
![Page 8: Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed. © 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods Melhoramento de Imagens Paulo Sérgio Rodrigues PEL205](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070310/552fc0f8497959413d8b4be5/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.www.imageprocessingbook.com
© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Chapter 3Image Enhancement in the
Spatial Domain
Chapter 3Image Enhancement in the
Spatial Domain
![Page 9: Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed. © 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods Melhoramento de Imagens Paulo Sérgio Rodrigues PEL205](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070310/552fc0f8497959413d8b4be5/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.www.imageprocessingbook.com
© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Chapter 3Image Enhancement in the
Spatial Domain
Chapter 3Image Enhancement in the
Spatial Domain
![Page 10: Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed. © 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods Melhoramento de Imagens Paulo Sérgio Rodrigues PEL205](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070310/552fc0f8497959413d8b4be5/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.www.imageprocessingbook.com
© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Chapter 3Image Enhancement in the
Spatial Domain
Chapter 3Image Enhancement in the
Spatial Domain
![Page 11: Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed. © 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods Melhoramento de Imagens Paulo Sérgio Rodrigues PEL205](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070310/552fc0f8497959413d8b4be5/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.www.imageprocessingbook.com
© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Chapter 3Image Enhancement in the
Spatial Domain
Chapter 3Image Enhancement in the
Spatial Domain
![Page 12: Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed. © 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods Melhoramento de Imagens Paulo Sérgio Rodrigues PEL205](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070310/552fc0f8497959413d8b4be5/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.www.imageprocessingbook.com
© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Chapter 3Image Enhancement in the
Spatial Domain
Chapter 3Image Enhancement in the
Spatial Domain
![Page 13: Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed. © 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods Melhoramento de Imagens Paulo Sérgio Rodrigues PEL205](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070310/552fc0f8497959413d8b4be5/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.www.imageprocessingbook.com
© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Chapter 3Image Enhancement in the
Spatial Domain
Chapter 3Image Enhancement in the
Spatial Domain
![Page 14: Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed. © 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods Melhoramento de Imagens Paulo Sérgio Rodrigues PEL205](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070310/552fc0f8497959413d8b4be5/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.www.imageprocessingbook.com
© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Chapter 3Image Enhancement in the
Spatial Domain: Bit-Plane Slicing
Chapter 3Image Enhancement in the
Spatial Domain: Bit-Plane Slicing
![Page 15: Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed. © 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods Melhoramento de Imagens Paulo Sérgio Rodrigues PEL205](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070310/552fc0f8497959413d8b4be5/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.www.imageprocessingbook.com
© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Chapter 3Image Enhancement in the
Spatial Domain: Bit-Plane Slicing
Chapter 3Image Enhancement in the
Spatial Domain: Bit-Plane Slicing
![Page 16: Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed. © 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods Melhoramento de Imagens Paulo Sérgio Rodrigues PEL205](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070310/552fc0f8497959413d8b4be5/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.www.imageprocessingbook.com
© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Chapter 3Image Enhancement in the
Spatial Domain: Bit-Plane Slicing
Chapter 3Image Enhancement in the
Spatial Domain: Bit-Plane Slicing
![Page 17: Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed. © 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods Melhoramento de Imagens Paulo Sérgio Rodrigues PEL205](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070310/552fc0f8497959413d8b4be5/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.www.imageprocessingbook.com
© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Melhoramento no Domínio Espacial
Processamento Baseado em Histograma: Equalização
O objetivo é usar uma função de transformação que torne o histograma o mais uniforme possível, criando uma imagemcom maior contraste.
Se usarmos como função de transformação o histograma cumulativoo resultado será uma distribuição mais uniforme (equalizada)
• Calcular o Histograma original• Calcular o Histograma cumulativo• Equalizar a imagem com o Histograma cumulativo
![Page 18: Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed. © 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods Melhoramento de Imagens Paulo Sérgio Rodrigues PEL205](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070310/552fc0f8497959413d8b4be5/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.www.imageprocessingbook.com
© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Melhoramento no Domínio Espacial
Processamento Baseado em Histograma: Equalização
1,...,1,0 10 )( Lkrn
nrp k
kkr
onde: pr(rk) é a probabilidade da intensidade rk
nk é o número de ocorrências de rk
n é o número total de ocorrências
![Page 19: Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed. © 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods Melhoramento de Imagens Paulo Sérgio Rodrigues PEL205](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070310/552fc0f8497959413d8b4be5/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.www.imageprocessingbook.com
© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Melhoramento no Domínio Espacial
Processamento Baseado em Histograma: Equalização
A função cumulativa é calculada como:
1,......,1,0 1,0
)(
)()(
1
00
Lksr
sTr
rpn
nrTs
kk
kk
k
jjr
k
j
jkk
![Page 20: Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed. © 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods Melhoramento de Imagens Paulo Sérgio Rodrigues PEL205](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070310/552fc0f8497959413d8b4be5/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.www.imageprocessingbook.com
© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Melhoramento no Domínio Espacial
Processamento Baseado em Histograma: Equalização
)(rpr )()( 1 sTsps
r s
![Page 21: Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed. © 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods Melhoramento de Imagens Paulo Sérgio Rodrigues PEL205](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070310/552fc0f8497959413d8b4be5/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.www.imageprocessingbook.com
© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Chapter 3Image Enhancement in the
Spatial Domain
Chapter 3Image Enhancement in the
Spatial Domain
![Page 22: Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed. © 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods Melhoramento de Imagens Paulo Sérgio Rodrigues PEL205](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070310/552fc0f8497959413d8b4be5/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.www.imageprocessingbook.com
© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Chapter 3Image Enhancement in the
Spatial Domain: Enhancing with Arithmetic/Logic Operations
Chapter 3Image Enhancement in the
Spatial Domain: Enhancing with Arithmetic/Logic Operations
![Page 23: Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed. © 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods Melhoramento de Imagens Paulo Sérgio Rodrigues PEL205](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070310/552fc0f8497959413d8b4be5/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.www.imageprocessingbook.com
© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Chapter 3Image Enhancement in the
Spatial Domain: Image Averaging
Chapter 3Image Enhancement in the
Spatial Domain: Image Averaging
a) Originalb) Original + ruídoc) Média de 8 imagensd) Média de 16 imagens e) Média de 32 imagensf) Média de 64 imagens
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
(e) (f)
![Page 24: Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed. © 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods Melhoramento de Imagens Paulo Sérgio Rodrigues PEL205](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070310/552fc0f8497959413d8b4be5/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.www.imageprocessingbook.com
© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Chapter 3Image Enhancement in the
Spatial Domain: Image Averaging
Chapter 3Image Enhancement in the
Spatial Domain: Image Averaging
Diferença de imagens
a) Original slide 23 – (c) slide 24 b) Original slide 23 – (d) slide 24(c) Original slide 23 – (e) slide 24(d) Original slide 23 – (f) slide 24
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
![Page 25: Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed. © 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods Melhoramento de Imagens Paulo Sérgio Rodrigues PEL205](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070310/552fc0f8497959413d8b4be5/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.www.imageprocessingbook.com
© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Chapter 3Image Enhancement in theSpatial Domain: Filtering
Chapter 3Image Enhancement in theSpatial Domain: Filtering
Mecanismo parafiltragem no domínioespacial
![Page 26: Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed. © 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods Melhoramento de Imagens Paulo Sérgio Rodrigues PEL205](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070310/552fc0f8497959413d8b4be5/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.www.imageprocessingbook.com
© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Chapter 3Image Enhancement in theSpatial Domain: Filtering
Chapter 3Image Enhancement in theSpatial Domain: Filtering
Representação da máscarade convolução
![Page 27: Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed. © 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods Melhoramento de Imagens Paulo Sérgio Rodrigues PEL205](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070310/552fc0f8497959413d8b4be5/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.www.imageprocessingbook.com
© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Chapter 3Image Enhancement in theSpatial Domain: Filtering
Chapter 3Image Enhancement in theSpatial Domain: Filtering
Exemplo de máscaras de suavização
![Page 28: Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed. © 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods Melhoramento de Imagens Paulo Sérgio Rodrigues PEL205](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070310/552fc0f8497959413d8b4be5/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.www.imageprocessingbook.com
© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Chapter 3Image Enhancement in theSpatial Domain: Filtering
Chapter 3Image Enhancement in theSpatial Domain: Filtering
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
(e) (f)
Exemplo de suavização
a)Imagem original
(b) a (f) Resultados de suavização com máscaras de tamanho 3, 5, 9,15 e 35
![Page 29: Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed. © 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods Melhoramento de Imagens Paulo Sérgio Rodrigues PEL205](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070310/552fc0f8497959413d8b4be5/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.www.imageprocessingbook.com
© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Chapter 3Image Enhancement in theSpatial Domain: Filtering
Chapter 3Image Enhancement in theSpatial Domain: Filtering
a) Imagem do telescópio Hubble; b) suavização com máscara 15 x 15; c) Limiarização de (b)
(a) (b) (c)
![Page 30: Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed. © 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods Melhoramento de Imagens Paulo Sérgio Rodrigues PEL205](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070310/552fc0f8497959413d8b4be5/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.www.imageprocessingbook.com
© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Chapter 3Image Enhancement in the
Spatial Domain: Edge Detection
Chapter 3Image Enhancement in the
Spatial Domain: Edge Detection
(a)
(c)
(b)
(d)
a) Máscara para o Laplaciano;
b) Extensão incluindo as diagonais;
c) Outra implementação para (a)
d) Outra implementação para (b)
![Page 31: Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed. © 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods Melhoramento de Imagens Paulo Sérgio Rodrigues PEL205](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070310/552fc0f8497959413d8b4be5/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.www.imageprocessingbook.com
© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Chapter 3Image Enhancement in the
Spatial Domain: Edge Detection/Filtering
Chapter 3Image Enhancement in the
Spatial Domain: Edge Detection/Filtering
a) Imagem original;b) Laplaciano;c) (b) escalonado;d) Melhoramento
usando a equação abaixo
(a) (b)
(c)(d)
![Page 32: Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed. © 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods Melhoramento de Imagens Paulo Sérgio Rodrigues PEL205](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070310/552fc0f8497959413d8b4be5/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.www.imageprocessingbook.com
© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Chapter 3Image Enhancement in the
Spatial Domain: Edge Detection/Filtering
Chapter 3Image Enhancement in the
Spatial Domain: Edge Detection/Filtering
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
a) Filtros Laplacianos;b) Imagem microscópicac) Filtragem com (a)
superiord) Filtragem com (a)
inferior
![Page 33: Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed. © 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods Melhoramento de Imagens Paulo Sérgio Rodrigues PEL205](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070310/552fc0f8497959413d8b4be5/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.www.imageprocessingbook.com
© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Chapter 3Image Enhancement in the
Spatial Domain: Popular Masks
Chapter 3Image Enhancement in the
Spatial Domain: Popular Masks
a) Máscara 3 x 3;b) Máscara 2 x 2 sensível
a diagonal;c) Filtro Sobel horizontald) Filtro Sobel Vertical
(a)
(b)
(c) (d)
![Page 34: Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed. © 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods Melhoramento de Imagens Paulo Sérgio Rodrigues PEL205](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070310/552fc0f8497959413d8b4be5/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.www.imageprocessingbook.com
© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Chapter 3Image Enhancement in the
Spatial Domain: Edge with Sobel
Chapter 3Image Enhancement in the
Spatial Domain: Edge with Sobel
(a) (b)
a) Imagem de Lentes de Contato; (b) Aplicação do Gradiente Sobel
![Page 35: Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed. © 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods Melhoramento de Imagens Paulo Sérgio Rodrigues PEL205](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070310/552fc0f8497959413d8b4be5/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.www.imageprocessingbook.com
© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Melhoramento no Domínio Espacial
Filtragem com função Sigmoid
Se uma escala de reflectância das regiões de interesse são conhecidas, pode-se usar uma função que se adapte aos valoresconhecidos para direcionar a suavização. Exemplo: região em torno da mama
![Page 36: Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed. © 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods Melhoramento de Imagens Paulo Sérgio Rodrigues PEL205](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070310/552fc0f8497959413d8b4be5/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.www.imageprocessingbook.com
© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Melhoramento no Domínio Espacial
Filtragem com função Sigmoid
Em caso de tumores de mama, um estudo de tais regiões, produz a seguinte escala:
![Page 37: Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed. © 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods Melhoramento de Imagens Paulo Sérgio Rodrigues PEL205](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070310/552fc0f8497959413d8b4be5/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.www.imageprocessingbook.com
© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Melhoramento no Domínio Espacial
Filtragem com função Sigmoid
Tal escala, pode ser utilizada em uma função sigmoid como a seguinte:
Min
e
MinMaxII
1
1)(
~
onde ....
![Page 38: Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed. © 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods Melhoramento de Imagens Paulo Sérgio Rodrigues PEL205](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070310/552fc0f8497959413d8b4be5/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.www.imageprocessingbook.com
© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Melhoramento no Domínio EspacialFiltragem com função Sigmoid
interesse de faixa da mínimo e máximo valoresos são e
dacentraliza está interesse de faixa a qual do tornoem valor o é
interesse de faixa da largura a é
original luminância de valor o é
suavizado luminância de valor o é ~
1
1)(
~
MinMax
I
I
Min
e
MinMaxII