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Building Sustainable Livelihoods

HAN Foundation works to make significant changes Din the livelihoods of the poor through building scalable, cost effective and sustainable development themes for self-reliance. Keeping innovation as its core value, DHAN continues to evolve and nurture new ideas in development that can impact the lives and livelihoods of the poor on a large scale. Kalanjiam model of community banking by and for the poor women, Vayalagam model of tank-fed agriculture development, rain-fed farming development, coastal conservation livelihoods, communication and information technology for development and working with Panchayats are the development themes nurtured by DHAN over the last two decades. Climate change adaptation, migration, youth and development are the new themes being piloted now. Health, education and tourism have emerged as cross-cutting themes to augment the development brought by all the existing programmes. A common thread that binds all these themes is livelihood promotion. DHAN has observed 2011-12 as 'Year of livelihoods' to look closely at the impact that it has created on the livelihoods of the one million poor households organised by it, consolidate its experiences in livelihood interventions, and initiate the process of strategizing its livelihood approach with its experience at the ground.

Livelihood Matters

Annual Report 2012DHAN Foundation

DHAN Foundation (Development of Humane Action)

18, Pillaiyar Koil Street, S.S. ColonyMadurai 625 016. Tamil Nadu, INDIA.Tel: +91 452 2610794 / 805, Fax: 2602247 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.dhan.org

DHAN FoundationMadurai

Annual Report 2012

Contents 5 Abbreviations&Acronyms

7 IntroductiontoDHANFoundation

11 LivelihoodMatters 35 AnnualReport2012-Perspectives, Principles and Practices of DHAN Foundation 39 Kalanjiam Community Banking Programme 48 Vayalagam Tankfed Agriculture Development Programme 55 Coastal Conservation and Livelihoods Programme 61 Tata-Dhan Academy 65 Rainfed Farming Development Programme 68 Communication and Information Technology for Development Programme 71 Working with Panchayats Programme 75 Tourism for Development 77 Centres for Integration

85 Impact

113 MaduraiSymposium

125 FinancialStatements

138 RecognitionstoDHAN’sWorks

140 Acknowledgement

144 BoardofTrustees

147 DHANFoundation-Addresses

ACEDRR AdvancedCentreforEnablingDisasterRiskReduction

ASKMI AdvancedCentreforSkillandKnowledgeonMutualInsurance

BCC BehaviourChangeCommunication

CALL CoastalConservationandLivelihoods

CDA ClusterDevelopmentAssociation

CIT4D CommunicationandInformationTechnologyforDevelopment

CURE CentreforUrbanWaterResources

DEWATS DecentralisedWastewaterTreatmentSystems

DHAN DevelopmentofHumaneAction

DPA DHANPeopleAcademy

DRC DHANResourceCentre

JnNURM JawaharlalNehruNationalUrbanRenewalMission

JSYS JalaSamvardhaneYojanaSangha

KAMPCOL KalanjiamMilkProducersCompanyLimited

KDFS KalanjiamDevelopmentFinancialServices

KRCH KalanjiamReproductiveandChildHealth

KTL KalanjiumThozhilagamLimited

LIFE LivelihoodInitiativewithFunctionalEducation

MAVIM MahilaArthikVikasMahamandal

MDG MillenniumDevelopmentGoal

MFG MicrofinanceGroup

MGNREGS MahatmaGandhiNationalRuralEmploymentGuaranteeScheme

Abbreviations & Acronyms

NABARD NationalBankforAgricultureandRuralDevelopment

NRM NaturalResourceManagement

NWDPRA NationalWatershedDevelopmentProjectforRainfedAreas

PDM ProgrammeinDevelopmentManagement

PMG PrimaryMarketingGroup

PPG PrimaryProducerGroup

SHG SelfHelpGroup

SUHAM SustainableHealthcareAdvancement

TDA Tata-DhanAcademy

TFA TankFarmers’Association

VIC VillageInformationCentre

VTADP VayalagamTankfedAgricultureDevelopmentProgramme

VTDC VillageTourismDevelopmentCommittee

WASH Water,SanitationandHygiene

Annual Report 2012 7

Introduction to DHAN FoundationDevelopmentofHumaneAction(DHAN) Foundation,aprofessionaldevelopmentorganisation,wasinitiatedonOctober2,1997.Itbringshighlymotivated,educatedyoungwomenandmentothedevelopmentsector.Theywouldmakenewinnovationsindevelopmenttorootoutpovertyfromthecountry.TheFoundationworkstomakesignificantchangesinthelivelihoodsofthepoorthroughinnovativethemesandinstitutions.

The broad purposes for which DHAN stands are:1. Mothering of Development Innovations:The

institutionintendstopromoteandnurturenewideasondevelopmentthemes,suchasmicrofinance,smallscaleirrigation,drylandagriculture,andworkingwithPanchayatswhichcanimpactonpovertyinasignificantmanner.

2. Promoting Institutions to reach scale: Exclusivethematicorganisationswillbepromotedtotakeupdevelopmentworkwithasub-sectoralfocus.Theprimaryrolewillbetopromoteandensurethatqualitybenefitsreachalargenumberofpoor.

3. Human Resource Development: Theinstitutionwouldbringyoungprofessionalsintothedevelopmentsectorandgivethemanopportunitytopracticeanddeveloprelevantknowledge,attitudesandskillsneededforlongtermwork.

TheprinciplesguidingDHANare1. Engaginghighqualityhumanresourcesto

workatthegrassroots.Thefocuswouldbetoenablethepoor,notdeliverservices.

2. ValuingcollaborationwithmainstreaminstitutionsandGovernmenttodemonstratenewandeffectiveinterventiontolinkthemwiththepeople.

3. Promotingpeople’sorganisationstoensureentitlementsandtobuildaneffectivedemandsystemtopromotepeople’sinterest.

4. Promotinglivelihoodstoaddresstheissuesofpovertydirectly

5. Enrichingthethemesandretainingsub-sectoralfocusasastrategyforgrowth

MISSION“Buildingpeopleandinstitutionsfor

developmentinnovationsandscaling-uptoenablethepoorcommunitiesforpoverty

reductionandself-reliance”

VISION

DHANFoundationisalwaysapioneeringdevelopmentinstitutiontobuildpovertyfree,genderbalanced,equitable,ecologicalsensitive,democratic,justandvaluebasedinclusivesociety.Itcreatesfreedomofchoicetothefamilies,groupsandcommunitytodetermineanddevelopthemeaningoftheirlives,theiridentitiesandtheirlifestylesforthewell-beingoftheirlife.

DHANFoundationopensnewfrontiersforbetterhumanityandwouldbuildscalable,costeffectiveandsustainableinnovationsforself-reliance.

DHANFoundationwillalwaysbeacknowledgedasaleaderininstitutionbuildingforpoverty

Annual Report 20128

alleviation.Itwouldbetrendsetteringrassrootsdevelopmentwithpeoplegovernanceandmanagement.

Itwillbeoccupyingitslegitimatespaceinpolicymakingforumstoshapethemacroenvironmenttotherealitiesofgrassrootsandservingdevelopmentcommunitybydisseminatinggoodpractices.Itwillshapethousandsofdevelopmentprofessionalstomakemillionsofpoorlivesdifferentwithdignityandrightlivelihoods.TheDHANFoundationwillfosteralternativeparadigmswithsocialentrepreneurshipandcollectiveleadership.

Itwillberespectedforitsroleinunleashingthepotentialofthepoorandguidingthemthroughtheirmovementsbybuildingnewinstitutionsforachievingsignificance.Itwillpromotenetworks,alliancesondevelopment‘Cause’withrelevantstakeholders–Academia,civilsociety,Government,Businesshouses,Professionalnetworks,Media,Financialinstitutionandotherresourceinstitution–atnational,regionalandglobalenvironment.

VALUES

DHANhasrootedinvalues,suchasGrassrootsaction,Collaboration,Enabling,Innovation,Excellence,andSelf-Regulation.DHANbelievesthatthesevaluesareitscorestrengthneededtorealizeitsVisionandMission.

DEVELOPMENT APPROACH

DHANFoundation’sdevelopmentapproachentailsasystemofinter-linkedcomponents.Thereisathree-waylinkbetweenthematicfocus,socialcapitalandmainstreamcollaborationtopromotesustainabledevelopmentforthepoor.

DHANlayshighemphasisonthematicfocus.Itbuildssocialcapitalbyorganisingtheunorganisedpoorcommunitiesaroundthethemesofwater,microfinance,rainfedfarming,informationandcommunicationtechnologies,andlocalgovernance.LocalisedPeoples’Organisationsarebuiltinurban,rural,tribalandcoastalcontexts.Itisthemostcriticalstepinbuildingthecapabilitiesofthecommunitiestohandlethedevelopmentprocessesanditsoutcomesforensuringtheirentitlementsbyacquiringbargainingpower.

ThesePeoples’Organisationsprovideplatformfornurturinginnovationsatthegrassroots,scaling–downtechnologiesandcontextualisingthosetechnologiesforaddressingtheissuesofpoverty,whicharehighlycomplexandcontextual.

Thethirdfactor,themainstreamcollaborationiscriticalforcreatingenablingenvironmentfortheothertwofactorstoperform.ThethematicinstitutionscontinuouslybuildthecapacitiesofthePeople’sOrganisationsbuiltaroundtheparticularthemetobringrelevantmainstreamdevelopmentinstitutions,bothprivateandpublicinstitutionsclosertothecommunities.TheyevolveandnurturetheprincipleofsustainablepartnershipbetweenthePeople’sOrganisationsandthemainstreaminstitutions.ThecollaborationprocesseducatesbothPeople’sOrganisationsandmainstreaminstitutionsabouttheirrolesandresponsibilitiesinsustainingtheircollaborations.

Conceptually,theinteractionamongthesethreefactorsputtheprimaryinstitutionsatthecentre,whichareidealplatformsforpracticingparticipatorydemocracyandensuringcollectiveempowerment.

DHANplaysapromotionalroleininitiatingatheme,buildingPeoples’Organisationsaroundthem,establishinglinkageswithmainstreaminstitutionsandsustainingthem.Thepromotionalrolekeepsevolvingoveraperiod.Asthelocalcapacityisbuilt,therolesgettransferredtopeople.SimultaneouslyDHANasamotheringinstitutionpromotesthematicorganisationsassubsidiariestoupscalethematuredthemestocontinuethepromotionalroletosustainthePeoples’Organisationsinthespecifictheme.Thethematicinstitutionswouldtakeuptheworkofupscalinganddeepeningofthethemes.

BuildingSocialCapital(OrganisingtheUnorganised)

ThematicFocus(Downscaling

developmenttechnology)

MainstreamCollaboration

(Enablingenvironment)


DHAN Collective

DHANFoundationanditsinstitutionsformtheDHANCollective.Itistonurtureandpreservethecultureofcollegiality,mutualityandsolidarity.Sharedpurpose,corevaluesandresources(human,financialandphysicalresources)bindtheinstitutionsofDHANCollective.DHANFoundationasthemotheringinstitutionwouldguide,supportandregulateitsfamilyinstitutionsontheirmission,policies,strategiesandvalues.Eachinstitutionwoulddefineits‘ownunique’space.

TheKalanjiamCommunityBankingProgramme,oneofDHANFoundation’spioneeringinitiatives

anditsfirstinstitution,hasevolvedintoaninstitution,the‘KalanjiamFoundation’,totakeupthepromotionalrole.Itwouldscale-upthethemeofKalanjiamCommunityBankingandguidethepeopleinstitutions.VayalagamTankfedAgricultureDevelopmentProgrammehasevolvedintotheVayalagamFoundationtoworkonthethemeofconservationanddevelopmentofsmallscalewaterbodiesandstabilisethelivelihoodsofthefarmersdependentonthem.TheTata-DhanAcademywouldbepromotedinthecomingyearasthenextthematicinstitution.Manysuchinstitutionswouldemergeincourseoftime–efficient,excellentandwithunquestionedintegrity–intheDHANCollectiveofinstitutions.

Livelihood Matters

Perspectives, Principles and Practices of DHAN Collective

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Livelihood MattersPerspectives, Principles and Practices of DHAN Collective

DHANworkstomakesignificantchangesinthelivelihoodsofthepoorthroughbuildingscalable,costeffectiveandsustainabledevelopmentprogrammesforself-reliance.DHANasamotheringinstitutionintendstopromoteandnurturenewideasindevelopmentandscalethemuptobenefitpoorandmarginalisedcommunities.DHANasaHRDinstitutionattractssociallyconcernedprofessionals,groomsandplacesthemingrassrootsdevelopmentworktomakepoorlivesdifferentwithdignityandrightlivelihoods.Theseprofessionalspromotepeople’sorganisationsaroundthelivelihoodthemestoensureentitlementsandtobuildaneffectivedemandsystemtopromotepeople’sinterest.ThePeoples’OrganisationsworkincollaborationwithmainstreaminstitutionsandGovernmenttodemonstratenewandeffectiveinterventionandtoimpacttheirpoliciesandpractices.

Thereasonsforpovertyaredynamicandcomplex.Thepoorarecharacterizedbyinadequateaccesstoassets,inadequateincomeinfluencedbyseasonality,poornourishmentresultingpoorhealthcondition,exposedtorisksassociatedwiththeirlivesandlivelihoods.Theyareconstrainedseverelyandseverallybylackofaccesstoresources,entitlementsmeantforthemareoftenbeyondtheircomprehensionandtheirreach.Theyhavebeenchronicallykeptawayfromthemainstreamfinancialservicesandviewedaspoorcreditworthy.Theyareunorganised,sociallyand

economicallymarginalised,liveintheperipheriesanddonothavesayoverthemattersaffectingthem.Theviciouscycleofpoverty,unlessintervened,wouldperpetuatebeyondgenerations.

PovertyreductionistheoverarchinggoalofDHANFoundation.DHAN’sdevelopmentthemesareultimatelyaimedatmakingthepoorandvulnerablecommunitiestocomeoutofpovertyandachieveself-reliance.DHANinitiatesanexclusivethemeandevolvesareplicableandadaptablecommunityorganisationmodelforscalingup.Acommonthreadthatbindsallthethemesisstrongfocusonlivelihoodpromotion.ThereforethepovertyreductionstrategyofDHANaimsatbuildinginstitutionsandcreatinganenablingenvironmentforthepoortoworkonthefactorsthatareaffectingtheirlivesandlivelihoodsdirectly.

DHAN’s Perspectives in addressing the issues of poverty and livelihoods

Local Economy and Livelihoods

DHANisworkingactivelyformorethantwodecadesonlivelihoods.DominantmodelofDHANistoincreasemarketshareofpoorinlocaleconomybyprovidingmicrofinance(savings,credit,insurance)servicestoexistinglivelihoodsactivity,existingmarketandskill;skillbuildingtoincreasetheproductivityoftheir


activitiesandrelevanttechnology(pro-poor).Itisakindofstructuraltransformationinexistinglocaleconomy.Ithasresultedinreducinganderadicatingexploitativepracticesinlocaleconomy,therebypoor-led,poor-drivenlocaleconomyinitiated.Labouristheprimaryfactorofproductioninthiskindofmodel.ThereisaslackorgapinpoorsegmentandthatwasaddressedinDHANmodel.Itisalsoakindofconservationapproachoflivelihoodsbyarrestingleakagesandexploitation(Affordablefinance,riskmitigationandhealthymarketpractices).

Poorestofpoor(POP)whoareinsurvivallivelihoods,domultipleseasonalactivitiesastheirlivelihoodadaptationstrategyandtheyarehighlyvulnerablewithhighrisksindoingthoselivelihoodactivities.Theyaresubjectedtohighexploitationandpoorlivingcondition.Migrationandmobilityarethecopingmechanismswithwageeconomy.Specialexternaleffortsarerequiredforthemtograduateintonextlevelofsubsistencelivelihoods.Partialwealthcreationistheprimemoveratthisstagetocreateproductiveassets.Packageofseasonalactivitiesarenarrowedtotwoorthreelivelihoodactivities.Landandlivestockbecometheirfactorsofproductionwithwagelabour.Nextsinglefamilylivelihoodactivityemergesasfullself-employmentwithadequateproductiveassetorsecuredsalaryemploymentwithadequateproductiveassetorsecuredsalaryemployment.Itrequiresallfactorsofproduction-land,skilledlabour,capitalforstabilizedfamilyeconomy.Alltheselivelihoodsareconditionedbylocaleconomy.Henceathoroughunderstandingoflocaleconomyisessentialtomap-outdriversofchange,keyplayers,leveloftechnologyandmarketpractices.Graduationoflivelihoodshastotakeplaceinlocaleconomyforstabilityandsustainability.Boundariesofeconomyarebreakingdownandthevirtualmarketaddscomplexitytotheissueofboundary.Adevelopmentprofessionalhastounderstandandquantifythelocaleconomywithdifferenteconomicactivities;connectsthethematicinterventionforgraduatingthelivelihoodswithlocaleconomy;tappingmainstreamresourcestoshapethelocaleconomyandbecomekeydriversofchange.

Family Economy and Livelihoods

Livelihoodsvarywiththestageoffamily.Newlymarriedcouplesareeconomicallyactiveandgenerateandtheirfamilysurplus.Bothcouldearnondifferentactivitiesandtheirfamilyeconomyisgrowingatafasterrate.Iftheylivewithjointfamily,theycouldcontributepositivelyfortheentirefamily.Theywouldenterintoachildbearingandrearingstage.Ittakesawaythelivelihoodcontributionofafamilymember,alsoothertotakecareofherfortimetotime.Thereisgoingtobeahugedeliveryexpenditure,alsonursingcare.Familyeconomygoesthroughastressanditisnotsufficienttomeettheirexpenditure.Socialsecurityisnotadequatetotakecareoftheirhealthexpenditure.Usuallythereisnegativebalanceincashflowoftheeconomy.Ifitisajointfamily,thereisbuffertoabsorbthisrisks,shocksandstress.Familylivelihoodisunderstress.

Thirdstageisveryhighproductivephasewhenchildrenarealsoearningalongwithparents.Duringthisphasefamilyeconomymovesintonextlevelofcreatinghousingandotherassets.Stabilisedfamilylivelihoodsarethefeatureofthisstage.Fourthstageistomarrytheirchildrenandtheymoveintoanucleusfamily.Familylivelihoodsgetdividedorthroughastressphase.Somefamiliesmanagethirdandfourthphasewellandtheydon’tfallintoadebttrapagain.Becauseoffalsepride,somefamiliestakeloantoshow-offandgetintoadeepdebttrap.Livelihoodsgothroughachangeandsometimegobacktounviablesituation.Fifthstageisagedparentswithlowproductiveenergy.Theyneedcareandsocialsecurity.Buttheirexperienceisrichandavailableforyoungerpeople.Pensionwouldprovidestabilityanddignity.

Livelihood enterprises

Manyfamiliesinanarea,aredoingaparticularlivelihoodactivityandconstituteanenterprisebeltsothatlocaleconomygrowswithleaps,resultsinprosperityofthearea.Anyenterpriseshasmanylinkageswithdistinctvalueaddition.Both


forwardandbackwardlinkagesareessentialforenterprisedevelopment.Itrequiresfewdecadesforitsconstantevolutionandsustainability.Multiplestakeholders-inputsuppliers,credit

providers,technicalservicegivers,processors,wholerangeofmarketingsystemetc.,areinvolvedincreatinglivelihoodenterprisewiththeirinterestandvaluablecontribution.Mappingmultiplestakeholders’roles,responsibilities,rightsandtheirinvestmentarecriticalforbuildingenterprises.Itshapesintocommunitycollectiveenterpriseswithlegalidentityandmarketbrands.Graduatinglivelihoodstoenterprisesisalongtermdevelopmentprocess.ThreeeconomicsareinteractingeachothertobecomeasustainableenterprisethroughaFEELweboflivelihoodsasgiveninFigure.2.

Forinstance,inthedairyinitiativeofDHAN,forgreaterunderstandingofthisconcept,weneedtodefineenterprisean(livelihood)watershedforpromotingtheenterpriseswithnestedinstitutions(depictedinthefollowingfigure)

Duringsocialintermediationphase,PPGandPMGwouldalsobeformedtogroupthemembersonactivitybasis.Theywouldalsoshapetheirexperiencesatproducerassociationatblockleveltoincreasetheirproductivitywithco-learningandexposurevisits.Thisisthememberfoundationstageofenterprises.Scaling-upoftheactivitywouldhappenduringfinancialintermediationphase.Selectedactivitieswouldexpandwithadditionalcapitalfromthebank.Slackorgapofproductionpotentialofeachproducerwould

beaddressedwithtechnicalsupportalongwithcapitalinfusion.Itbecomesactivityfoundationstageofenterprises.Valueadditionwouldbeattemptedtoprocesstheprimaryproducttogetanadditionaleconomicgaintotheproducers.Forexample,gatheredmedicinalplantswouldbeprocessedasmedicinesorcollectedmilkwouldbehomogenizedandpackagedafterpasteurization.Brandingisalsodonetopositiontheproduct.Nowitgraduatestovaluechainandmarketingstageoftheenterprises.Itrequireshugecapitaland

Nested Institution for Livelihood enterprises

(SHG- Self Help Groups; TA-Tank Association; FA-Farmer Association, PPG – Primary Producer Group; PMG- Primary Marketing Group)


stateofthearttechnicalknow-howtosellinthemarket.Timeisneededtocrosstheawkwardsizeofoperationtobreak-evenwithviablebusinessproposition.Itiscalledgestationperiod.Infactvaluechainstagehastobeinitiatedafter-marketassessmentandassurance.Ithastostartfrommarketend,notfromproductionend.Anotherfeatureofthisthirdstageistodevelopmarketwithdistinctbrand.Competitionwouldteachmanypracticallessonstopositionthebrand.Distinctculture,businessculture,wouldbeestablishedwithcompetenthumanresourcesforthisphase.Enterpriseswouldgeneratesurplustosustaindevelopmentworkwithoutexternalsupport.Letusdevelopmoreandmoreenterprisestoeradicatepovertyandtocontinueourdevelopmentwork.Itisnotgoingtobeeasybutitisnotimpossible.

Phased intermediation

BuildinglocalisedPeoples’OrganisationsformsthefoundationofallthedevelopmentthemesbeingimplementedbyDHAN.ThesePeoples’OrganisationsarebuiltonthethemesofWater,CommunityBanking,Rainfedfarming,ICT,CoastalConservationandtheygraduatethroughdistinctphasesofinstitutionaldevelopment.Fore.g.CommunityorganisingforpovertyreductionbytheCommunityBankingthemeofDHANstartswithsocialIntermediationphase,whereinthepoorwomenareorganisedintoSelfHelpGroups(SHGs)afterathoroughprocessofidentification,formation,evolvingbye-laws,nominatingleadersbyconsensus.ThentheSHGsstartwithsavings,creditandinsurance(financialservices)tothemembers.Membersmeetregularlytointeract,understandeachother,theirneeds,andprioritiesinadditiontotakingupfinancialservices.Thisphasebuildssolidarityandbasicsystemsintheinstitutions.Inthisphasethepoorfamiliesstoporreducetheirdependenceonexploitativemoneylendingsystemtowhichtheywerebondedearlier.

ThenstartsFinancialIntermediationPhase;thoughthefinancialservicesstartinthepreviousphaseitself,theSHGsgetlinkedwithlocalcommercial

bankstomobiliseresourcesformeetinghigheramountsofcreditneedsofitsmembersforstrengtheningexistinglivelihoodsandinitiatingnewlivelihoodactivitiestocomeoutofpoverty.Thepoorfamilieswhoareinsubsistencelevelwillmovetowardsself-employment.IntheLivelihoodIntermediationphase,theNetworkAssociationsofSHGsandFederationsfacilitatebothforwardandbackwardmarketlinkages,collectivebargainingthroughthescaleadvantage.SubsequentlytheSHGsandtheFederationstransformintoCivicInstitutionswithspecialisedinputsandsupporttotakeupeducation,healthcareandvillagedevelopmentneeds.ThisiscalledCivicIntermediationphase.DHAN’sroleofpromotionendshereanditwouldbecomearesourceinstitutionforsupporttotheseCivicInstitutions.Dependingonthecontext,eachphasewouldgofor3-4years.

Whilethebasicsofpromotingpeoplesorganisationssuchasgovernance,democraticpractices,communityownershipandcontrol,localmanagement,soundandtransparentfinancialsystemsandlinkageswithmainstreaminstitutionsforsustainabilityremainsameforallthethemes/programmes,thedesignandimplementationarehighlydecentralisedandadaptedtothelocalcontexts.

Livelihoods to Move People out of Poverty

Thepoorhousehold’schoiceandcontinuityoflivelihoodactivitiesaredependentontheirlevelofvulnerabilityandstageofthefamilylifecycle.Theyaremoreoftenexposedtorisks,whichcauseslossesthatarebeyondtheirmeans.Theyhavediversepriorities,needsandwants.Theytakelivelihooddecisionseithertostaywithaparticularlivelihoodstrategyortoinitiateanewlivelihoodstrategybasedontheirimmediatepersonalandfamilialfactors.Thepoorestofthepoorhouseholdsoptfordiverselivelihoodactivitiesinordertoescapefromthepressingneedsforsurvival.Graduatingthemfromtheirsurvivalstatetomakethemself-employedneedsfocusedinterventions.


Survival Subsistence Self-employed

State of livelihood Highlyvulnerable Endurancewithlimitedsecurity

Stabilisedandsecured

Nature of Livelihood " Wageearnerswithnoassets

" Uncertainandseasonalemployment

" Burdenedbydebts" Vulnerabletohealthandliferisks

" Oneortwoadditionalsourceswithamainactivity

" Fragileassets" Vulnerabletohealth,lifeandlivelihoodrisks

" Influencedbymarketchanges

" Earningfromownandsingleactivity

" Vulnerabletolifeandlivelihoodrisks

" Influencedbymarketchanges

Livelihood Strategy " Multipleactivities" Borrowingforconsumption

" Migration(permanent)

" Migration(Seasonal)

" Adjustingcashflowswithconsumptioncredit

" Smootheningcashflows

" Reinvestingthesurplus

" Leveragingresources

" Expandingskillsandassets

" Focusingonqualityoflife

Needs " Creditforconsumption

" Insuranceforhealthandlife

" Ensuringaccesstoentitlements

" Arrestingleakages

" Creditforconsumption

" Creditforassetcreationandworkingcapital

" Insuranceforhealth,lifeandassets

" Creatingmarketlinkages

" Creditforexpansion,workingcapital

" Insuranceforhealth,lifeandassets

" Creditforhousing/up-gradation

Livelihoods are contextually defined

Povertyiscomplexandcontextual,soalsothelivelihoodsofpoorhouseholds.Thepoorhouseholds’livelihoodsaredeterminedbythesocio–economiccontextinwhichtheyareliving.Prosperityofaparticularlivelihoodactivityisdependentonaninter–playofamultiplefactorssuchasaccesstoandperformanceofpersonalandpublicassetscriticalfortheirlivelihoods,

availabilityandaccessibilitytomarketandfinancialinstitutions,opportunitiesandthreatsintheexistingvaluechain,mainstreampoliciesandprogrammesthatcouldensurenecessaryinfrastructure,allocations,andcivicentitlements,andalsothemacroenvironmentscenariosuchaschangingglobaleconomicandmarketenvironments,emergingopportunitiesandcrisisinthem.Understandingthecontext,theintrinsicstrengths,weaknesses,opportunitiesand

Status and Graduation of Livelihoods


constraintsinitareveryimportanttoevolveasustainablelivelihoodinterventionstrategy.DHANoperateinfourdistinctlivelihoodcontexts.Outof10.5millionpoorhouseholdsorganisedbyitin12IndianStates,thedistributionofhouseholdsintherural,urban,coastalandtribalcontextsisgiveninthechart.

Rurallivelihoods

ThedistributionofhouseholdselucidatesthatthreefourthofthefamiliesorganisedbyDHANarelivinginruralcontexts,dependingonagricultureastheirmainsourceofliving.Accesstolandandwaterhasdirectrelevanceonlivelihoodsofthesehouseholdsasfarmingandlivestockaretheirprimarylivelihoodstrategy.Nearlyhalfofthesehouseholdsaredependentonrainfedfarmingfortheirlivelihoods,whichiscomplex,diverseandriskprone,andcharacterizedbylowlevelsofproductivity.Withtheresourcestappedfromthemainstreaminstitutions,thelocalcommunitiesareinvolvedinenhancingtheperformanceofcommonwaterresourcesandcreatingnewwaterharvestingstructures.Throughfocusedinterventions,rainfedfarmingdevelopmentprogrammeworksonenhancingviabilityofrainfedagriculturewithacombinationoflandandalliedactivitiestoimproveproductivity,riskmitigationandsupportforthepoorandlandlesstoacquireland;andpromotelivestockasalivelihoodsupportstrategy.

Urbanlivelihoods

Overninepercentoftheorganisedpoorfamiliesarelivingintheurbanslums.Urbanlivelihoods

strategiesarelargelydependentonsellinglabour,oftenwithintheinformalsectororwithinserviceindustriesoftheformalsector.Livingclosertotheemploymentopportunities,thepooroftenstayinsquattersettlementswithlimitedaccesstocivicservices.Producersandprocessorslocatedclosetocitieshavecomparativeadvantagesofsupplyingtothesemarkets.TheKalanjiamFederationspromotedintheurbanlocationsareaddressingtheneedsofthepoorhouseholdsthroughskillbuilding,creatingaccesstofinancialservices,arrestingincomedrainage,housingandsoon.Ensuringentitlementsmeantfortheurbanpoorisamajorthrustoftheprogrammes.

Coastalandmarinebasedlivelihoods

SevenpercentofthememberfamiliesorganisedbyDHANarelivingincoastalregionsofTamilNaduandAndhraPradesh.DHAN’sengagementwiththecoastalcommunitiesgotintensifiedafterTsunamiin2004.DHANstartedworkingwiththefisher-folkandpeopledependentonmarinebasedlivelihoods.Coastalandmarineareasofferdiverseandabundantlivelihoodopportunities.Thetraditionalandsmallscalefishersarehighlyvulnerableduetodepletingmarineresources,exploitativemarkets,risksanduncertaintiesassociatedwiththework,lackofaccesstoinvestmentandworkingcapital.Supporttothereductionofpressureoncoastalandmarineecosystemsthroughbyenhancinganddiversifyinglivelihoodsandsupportivemarketmechanismsarethecriticalneedsinthiscontext.

Triballivelihoods

Thelivelihoodsecurityoftribalcommunitiesisdeterminedbyforests,landandwater.Understandingthelifestyle,cultureandsocio-economicrealityofthetribalpeople,alsotheiruniquesocialorganisationsarecriticalforcreatingfavorableenvironmentforbuildingsustainablelivelihoodsforthetribes.Sincetheyaredeprivedofhealthandeducationalentitlements,exposedtohighlevelofexploitationbyoutsiders,itneedsanintegratedapproachwithacombinationoffreeingthemfromfinancialbondednessofexploitative


traders,creatingandstrengtheningforestbasedlivelihoods,waterresourcedevelopmentandbuildinghealthandeducationalservicesfromtheinception.

Holisticandfamilyfocus

Inadditiontocontextualfactors,individualandfamilialfactorshavealargersayoverthelivelihooddecisionsofpoorhouseholds.Thelivelihoodstrategythateachpoorfamilyoptsoutwouldbebasedontheiraccesstoandperformanceoflandandwater(naturalcapital);skillsetstheypossess(humancapital);structuresandmechanismsaidingmutualityandself–help(socialcapital).Thesefactorsareverycriticalforthepoorfamiliestoturnthenaturalresourcesintophysicalassets.Alsotherearearangeofpersonalfactorsshapingtheirlivelihooddecisionsincludingtheirmotivationanddeterminationtoactandacceptchange,cultureandlifestylethatinfluencetheirdecisions,knowledgeandawarenessonthelargerenvironmentthatcanaffecttheirlivelihoods.ThereforeDHANadoptsfamilyfocusedlivelihoodinterventionsthatwouldkeepthedevelopmentgoalofthefamiliesatthecentreandfacilitategroup’seffortandwillingnesstoworkfortheoutcomeoftheirchoice.

Livelihoods of the Members’ Households – A Sectoral View

Asdiscussedearlier,DHAN’sinterventionsarespreadoverfourdistinctcontextssuchasrural,urban,coastalandtribal.ThelivelihoodactivitiestakenupbythememberhouseholdsorganisedbyDHANarelargelyinfluencedbythecontexts.AninternalassessmenttakenupbytheprogrammesofDHANhasbroughtoutafactthatthememberhouseholdsareengagedinaround700differenttypesoflivelihoodactivities

astheirprimarysourceofliving.Accordingtothepopularclassificationofactivitiestheselivelihoodsaregroupedintoprimary,secondaryandtertiarysectors.Thedistributionofmembersacrossfourcontextsintothreesectorsisgiveninthetablebelow.

Percentageofhouseholdsengagedinlivelihoodactivities Rural Urban Coastal Tribal

PRIMARYSECTOR(AgricultureandAllied) 78 0 63 97

SECONDARYSECTOR(Manufacturing) 12 63 19 2

TERTIARYSECTOR(Service) 10 37 18 1

Primary Sector

Thelivelihoodactivitiesthatareundertakenbydirectlyusingnaturalresourcesconstitutesprimarysector.Sub-sectorsincludedunderthisprimarysectorareagriculture,dairy,fishingandforestry.Thissectorisalsocalledagricultureandrelatedsector.IfwelookatthedistributionofmemberhouseholdsorganisedbyDHAN,mostpartofthetribalhouseholdsaredependentonprimarysector(97percent),followedbyruralandcoastalcontexts,wherethehouseholdsengagedinprimaryproductionare78and63percentrespectively.ItindicatesmorethanthreefourthofthehouseholdsorganisedbyDHANareengagedinlivelihoodsactivitiesofprimarysector,mostlyfarming,dairyandfisheryactivities.Thisgroupisvulnerabletoshocksandtrendsinclimate,seasonalityandprice.

Secondary Sector

Activitiesunderthissectorarenextstepaftertheprimaryproduction,whichincludesprocessingandmanufacturing,usingtheprimaryproducts.Thiscouldbeinafactoryatsmallscale,aworkshoporanactivityatthehome.Sixtythreepercentofthefamiliesorganisedintheurbancontextsareinvolvedinsuchactivities.Itincludessmallscaleproductionorprocessingunits,weaving,homebasedcottageindustries,factoriesandworkshops.Incoastal,ruralandtribalcontexts,thehouseholdsinvolvedinsuchactivitiesconstitute19,12andtwopercentrespectively.Thoughthelivelihoodsunderthissectorseemedtoearnacertainincome


tothehouseholds,theyaresubjectedtoanumberofrisksassociatedwiththeactivitiessuchaspricefluctuation,storage,availabilityofrawmaterialsandtheircosts,financeforcontinuedengagementintheactivity.Interventionssuchasskillbuilding,provisionofworkingcapital,marketlinkagesareverymuchneededtosustainthelivelihoodsinthissector.

Tertiary Sector

Afterprimaryandsecondary,thereisathirdcategoryofactivitiesthatfallsundertertiarysector.Theseactivitieshelpinthedevelopmentoftheprimaryandsecondarysectors.Buttheseactivities,bythemselves,donotproducegoodsbuttheyareanaidfortheproductionprocess.Activitiesunderthissectorincludepettytrades,vendinginheadloadsandcarts,smallscalehotels,transportation,personalservicessuchaswashing,barbers,cobblers,housemaids,repairservices,tailoringandsoon.Sincetheseactivitiesgenerateservicesratherthangoods,thetertiarysectorisalsocalledtheservicesector.While37percentoftheurbanhouseholdsorganisedbyDHANareinvolvedinservicebasedlivelihoods,inthecoastal,ruralandtribalcontextsitconstitutes18,10andonepercentrespectively.Theselivelihoodsarebasicallybuiltonindividuals’labour.Thepoorhouseholdsinthiscategoryneedsskillenhancement,socialsecurityfortheirlifeandhealthandfinanceforsmootheningtheirconsumptionneeds.

Principles guiding livelihood interventions of DHAN

Guidingprinciplesforlivelihoodinterventionbuildontheabovecoreprinciples.Theyneedtobeflexibleandadaptabletodiverselocalconditions.TheguidingprinciplesforLivelihoodInterventionare:

Family focus: Memberfamilywouldbetheunitforlivelihoodinterventionandthefamilyspecificfactorslikepovertycategoryneedavailableresources,capabilities,etc.willbeconsideredfordesigningthedevelopmentinterventions.

Buildonexistinglivelihoodsstrengths:Buildonpeople’sexistingactivities,strengths,andopportunitiesratherthanbeginningwithnewactivities.Itsupportsinstrengtheningthelocaleconomyledbythepoor.

Collaboration and convergence: DHANfacilitatescollaborationbetweenindividualfamilymembers(and/ortheirpeopleinstitutions)andvariousstakeholdersrelatedtothemember’slivelihood,likeprivatesector,governmentbodiesandbanks,toserveasdemandstream,toensuresmoothflowofservicesandgoodsandtoimprovetheroleofmembersinvaluechaingovernance.Besides,theconvergencewithavailableoremergingopportunitieswillalsobegivenfocusaspartofcollaboration.(Eg:MNREGS,NRLM)

Graduation of livelihoods interventions: Takingupsuccessfullivelihoodsinterventiononasignificantscaleneedshugefinancialresources,strongsocialcapital(intermsoftrustandnecessaryrelationshiptohandledifficultsituations)andhigherlevelofskills.Sothereisneedforgraduationinlivelihoodsinterventionalongwithstrengtheningoffinancial,socialandhumancapital.

Collective Action: TheinterventionandeffortsbyDHANhavetobeforcollectiveorgroupofmembersasactivitygrouptosupportforwardandbackwardlinkagesonascaleandsustainable.

Sustainability: Thelivelihoodsinterventionsatfamilylevelorenterpriselevelhavetobesustainablesociallyandfinanciallyandhavepotentialforreplication.

Ecologically sound: Thelivelihoodsinterventionshavetobeeitherenvironmentalfriendlyordonotresultinanydamagetoenvironmentoroverexploitationofnaturalresources.Itshouldfocusonpreservingbiodiversity.

Gender equity: Thelivelihoodsinterventionsshouldnotdiscriminateagainstwomenandwhereverpossibleshouldincludewomenaslivelihoodanchorinbothindividualandcollectiveenterprises.LivelihoodInterventionrequiresequalcontribution,controlandownershipofboth


menandwomenwithinthefamily.DCbelievesthatwhenwomengaincontroloverfinancialandlivelihoodresourcestheygainvisibilityandstaywithintheirfamilyandthesociety.

Ensure entitlements: Gettingaccesstorightsisoneoftheempowermentprocessesindevelopment.DHAN’sprogrammespeopleinstitutions,peoplemovementprovideawarenessandtakecollectiveactiontoaccesstorightsoncommonpropertyresources.

DHAN’s Experiences

Morethantwodecadesofourintensiveengagementatthegrassrootsinworkingwiththepoorcommunitieshasbroughtusanumberofinsightsonthelivelihoodsanditsinherentrelationshipwiththepovertyreduction.

Social capital is a pre–condition

DHANbelievesthattheorganisedsocialcapitalintheformofself–governednestedinstitutionsaroundmicrofinance,water,rainfedfarmingandICTisakeydeterminantforachievingsustainablelivelihoods.Theinstitutionalizedprocesseswouldenablethemtoworkincollaborationwiththemainstreamtoconserveanddevelopthenaturalcapitalsuchaslandandwaterbodiestraditionallyenjoyedandprotectedbythem;gainaccessandcontroloverfinancialcapitalthroughlinkageswith

bankingandfinancialinstitutions;enhancehumancapitalbybuildingappropriateproductionandmarketingskills;createandstrengthenphysicalcapitalintheformofincomegeneratingassets.

TheconceptofpromotingPeople’sOrganisationsarounddevelopmentissuesisauniquecontributionofDHANFoundation.Theapproachhasproveditssuccessintermsofeffectivemanagement,reachingthepoorestsegment,ensuringthereachofbenefitsandbuildingdemocracyatthegrassroots.

Thepeoples’organisationsoperatebasedonmutualityandself-regulatingmechanisms.Thequalityensuringmechanismsstrengthensthelinkswithinthegroup,andbuildsupsocialcapital,contributingtobroad-basedgrowth.Theyengageinconstantinteractionswithmainstreaminstitutionstopromotepublicgood.Thesocialcapitalbuiltwithinthenetworksinfluencehowmarketsoperate,andrelationshipwithformalfinancialinstitutionsandgovernmentinstitutions.Thesocialcapitalthusbuiltamongthepoorcommunitieshelpthemnegotiatewithandbuildingpressureonthemainstreaminstitutions,toinfluencetheirpoliciesinfavourofthepoor,themarginalisedandtheexcluded.

Mutualtrustandreciprocitylowerthecostsofworkingtogether.Byimprovingtheefficiencyofeconomicrelations,socialcapitalthushelpincreasepeople’sincomesandsavings(financialcapital).Thesocialcapitalalsohelpsreducethe‘freerider’problemsassociatedwithpublicgoods,reinforcetheindividualaswellascollectiveresponsibilitiesformanagingcommonresources(naturalcapital)andthemaintenanceofsharedinfrastructure(physicalcapital).Socialnetworksfacilitateinnovation,developmentofknowledgeandsharingofthatknowledge.Italsofacilitatespeople’ssenseofwell-beingthroughidentity,honourandbelonging.

Believingintheconceptofscaling-up,DHANisalwaysonthelookoutforemergingnewopportunitiesforthepoor;designathemearoundtheissue,experimentforfewyearstoevolveareplicableandadaptablecommunity


organisationmodelindifferentcontexts,andthenconsolidatetheexperiencetolaunchitasaprogrammeforscalingup.Thecriteriaforevolvinganewprogrammeareitspotentialtoimpactlargenumberofpoorfortheirbetterlivinganditsreplicabilityindifferentcontexts.Throughitsthematicprogrammes,DHANhasbeenabletoreachoveramillionpoorhouseholds,whoareorganisedinto45,525primarygroupsofwomen,farmersandfishermenin12Indianstates.

Development finance for livelihoods

Thefinanceforenhancinglivelihoodshasfourdistinctcharacteristicsofavailability,accessibility,appropriatenessandaffordability.DHAN’senablingmodelofmicrofinancemotivatesthe

poorhouseholdstoconservetheirresourcesandwidenstheiropportunitiestoaccessfinancialcapitalfromthemainstreamfinancialinstitutions,whichenablesthemtotakeappropriatelivelihooddecisions.SHGsplayavitalroleincreatingandstrengtheningthelivelihoodsofthepoorbyprovidingtimelycredit.CreditfromSHGsenablethepoortoinitiateanewlivelihoodactivity,haveadequateworkingcapital,haveaccessandcontroloverproductiveassets,beabletoupgradeexistingassets,makeinvestmentinnewassets,diversifyintonewactivities.Provisionofseparatelineofcreditforconsumptionandemergencycreditneeds,insulatestheirworkingcapitalandbusinesscapitalfrombeingdiverted.SofartheSHGspromotedbyDHANhaveissuedRs.16.9billionworthofloanstotheirmemberfamilies.

Financing for Livelihoods – Experience from Salem

SalemisoneofthelargestdistrictsinTamilNadu.Themajorsourcesoflivelihoodsformostofthehouseholdsinthisregionareweavingandfarming.AMajorpartofthemineralwealthoftheTamilNadu isconfinedtoSalemDistrict,whereavarietyof importantminerals likeMagnesite,Dunite,Bauxite,Limestone,Ironore,QuartzandFeldspararefoundhere.Despiteavailabilityofsuchrichminerals,theruralblocksinthisdistrictarefoundinindustriallybackwardlocations,wherefarmingistheonlysourceoflivelihood.Morethanhalfofthefarmlandsarerain-fedandthefarmerstoilunderthevagariesofmonsoon.Theyheavilyborrowfrommoneylendersatexploitativeinterestratestomeettheirproductionandconsumptionneeds.TheslumslocatedinSalemcorporationarenotbetterthananyotherslumselsewhere.Themiseriesfacedbytheslumdwellerswithlackofbasicamenities,improperhousing and sanitation, high level of incomedraindue to alcoholismamongmenweresomeofthereasonsthatattractedDHANFoundationtoinitiateitsKalanjiamCommunityBankingProgrammein1999.

TheKalanjiamProgrammehasbeenexpandedtobothurbanandruralareasofSalemdistrict.Sofar31146poorwomenhavebeenorganisedinto2005KalanjiamSHGsin345ruralhamletsand289urbanslums.TheseKalanjiamshavebeenfederatedinto10independentKalanjiamFederations,whichareindifferentstagesofgrowth.

Livelihood Analysis

" Only11percentmembersownfarmlands.Membersgivehighpriorityforlivestockmaintenance.Morethan5000milchanimals,over15,000goatsarebeingmaintainedbythePotentialforDairyactivitymorethan5000animalsareavailable.Eighteenpercentofthetotalmembersareengagedinthisactivity.

" Members and their spouses are involved in around 40different types of livelihood activitiesincludingfarm,non-farmandservicesectors

" Over78percentofmembershaveownhouse.Butinurbanlocationsmostofthemareresidinginrentedhouses.While89percentmemberhouseholdshaveelectricityconnectivity,only23percenthouseholdshavesanitationfacility.


" Ashockingfactwasthatover28percentofmembers’husbandswereaddictedtoalcohol,whichdrainsawayaconsiderableportionoffamilyincome.Another8percentmembers’familieshavereportedthattheyspentamajorportionoftheirincometowardsmedicalexpensesonchronicillness.Around15percentmembersarewidows,eitherlivingaloneorsurvivedbytheirchildren.

Pillars of progress: Savings, credit and insurance

TheKalanjiamshaveprovidedspaceforthememberstosavefortheirfuture.WithhighemphasisonsavingsallthemembershavesavedoverRs.220millionintheirgroups,whichisavailableforlendingaswellastoleveragecreditfromcommercialbanks.Theyweresuccessfulonmobilisingloansfromcommercialbanksallthroughtheyears.SofartheKalanjiamshavemobilisedRs.1010millionworthofloansfrombanks,whichwasonlenttomembersforvariousproductionandconsumptionneeds.AlmostallthemembersandtheirspouseshavebeencoveredunderlifeinsuranceprogrammeofLICofIndia–JanashreeBhimaYojana.Over1500membershavegotdeathclaimamountingtoRs.40millionsince2001.TheentitlementbenefitofthisJBYschemeisscholarshipformembers’children.Nearly40,000studentsgotscholarshipbenefitworthofRs.40million.Around12000membershavebeencoveredunderhealthinsuranceproductofNationalInsuranceCompany.

Lending for Livelihoods

Overthelast13years,alltheKalanjiamshavegeneratedandissued310,643loansto all themembersworth of Rs.2654million for various production andconsumptionpurposes.Atotalof104,643loansamountingtoRs.1117millionhavebeen issued for livelihoodenhancementfor all themembers. It accounts to 42per cent of total loans issued by theKalanjiams.The loanshavebeen issuedfor a specific purpose of livelihoodenhancement,which includes creationofnew livelihoodassetsoractivities,strengtheningexistingactivities,workingcapital forexistingactivitiesandsoon.ThecurrentloanoutstandingamongtheKalanjiammembersisRs.360million.

People moved out of Poverty

An annual assessment donewith themembers individually as well as atgrouplevelrevealedthat3424membershave moved out of Poverty. Thegroups have declared this graduationandwere accepted by themembersthemselves.Themembersfromallthreelevelsofpovertysuchas survival (S1),Subsistence(S2)andSelf-employed(S3)havecomeoutofpovertyasshowninthechart.


Skill building for Livelihoods

Skillisanimportantassetthoughitisintangibleanditisahumanfactorinlivelihoodpromotion.Appropriateknowledgeandskillsareessentialforthepoortosuccessfullyrespondtothelivelihoodopportunitiesandchallengesofeconomicandtechnologicalchanges.Buildinglivelihoodskillsenablesthepoor,particularlyyouthstogain

employabilityandacquirecapabilityofbecomingentrepreneurs.DHANhasevolvedastrategy‘LivelihoodInitiativewithFunctionalEducation(LIFE)’tothepoorwomenandyouths,tobuildnewskillsinresponsetothemarketneedsandenhancetheiremployabilityatthelocallevel.Skillbuilding,facilitationofmarketlinkages,creditandemploymentaretheintegralpartoftheLIFE.

Livelihood Initiative with Functional Education (LIFE)

Mostofthemembers,especiallywomeninthepeopleorganisationspromotedbyDHANhavetheentrepreneurshippotential.But theyneed training for acquiringnew skills aswell as upgradingtheskillsthattheyalreadypossess.ThePeopleorganisationspromotedbyDHANalreadyhavetheexperienceof providing skill trainingon establishedactivities suchasdairy and tailoring to theirmembers.And25federationshavebeenrunningCommunityColleges,providingcomputerbasedjoborientedcoursestotheruralandurbanyouths.Therewasaneedexpressedbythemembersonothertradesthatcouldfetchemploymentinnearbytownsandcities.

DHANPeopleAcademy, afterhaving a series of consultationswith these people’s organisationsevolved amodel for establishing skill building centers called LIFE (Livelihood InitiativewithFunctionalEducation)Centres.LIFEaimsatimpartinglivelihoodorientedskillstothepoorwomenandmen,particularlyyouthsthroughvocationaleducation.Theexpectedoutcomeistomakethememployableandcapableofbecominganentrepreneur, and therebyenabling them to comeoutofpoverty. The livelihood initiatives are implemented in collaborationwith government, industries,polytechnicsandindustrialtraininginstitutes.TheCentrereachesthepeoplethroughWomenandFarmers’Federations.

Skill building for enhancing livelihoods

ThefirstLIFECentrewasinitiatedinMaduraitoservethememberfamilies livinginurbanslumsandruralareasadjoiningMaduraicity. Inthebeginning,theLIFECentrehadstartedofferingthecoursesrelatedtocomputereducationandlater,theskillbuildingareaswerediversifiedinvarioustrades.Basedontheexperiencesgainedovertwoyears,eightmorecentreshavebeeninitiatedduring2009-2010inthelocationssuchasViraganur,Kazhugumalai,Maraimalainagar,Nillakottai,Pallathur,TanjoreandSingampunerifederationsinTamilNaduandChittoorinAndhraPradesh.

Thesecenterswereinitiatedwithaninitialneedassessmentexercise,inwhichthepeoples’existingskillsets,theirneedsandexpectationsintheMarketwereassessed.Trainingcourseswereshortlistedbasedontheassessment.TheseCentresprovideservicestothepoorfamilies inKalanjiamgroupsaswellastheotherpoorfamilies.Sofar,over12,500youthshavebeentrainedintheCommunityCollegesrunbytheFederationsonvarioustradesandfacilitatedtogetemployedinnearbytownsandcitiesaswellastoinitiatetheirownunitswiththeassistancefromKalanjiams.

Mitigating risks, reducing vulnerability

ThePoorhouseholdsaremoreoftenexposedtorisks,whichcauseslossesthatarebeyondtheirmeans.Insurancecoverforthemember’slife,healthandproductiveassetscaninsulatethe

savingsandcredit,whichareoftenattheriskattimesofemergencies.Risksassociatedwiththelivelihoodsofthepoorhouseholdscanbemitigatedwithsimple,contextuallyrelevantandaffordablesocialandlivelihoodssecurityproducts.


Social Security for Livelihood Security

The peoples’ organisations promoted byDHANhave collectively promotedPeopleMutuals, anexclusiveinstitutiontoworkonsocialsecuritymeasuressuchasinsuranceandpension.ThePeopleMutualsworksforensuringsocialsecurityforthepooreitherthroughtheirmutualprogrammesorinpartnershipwithvarioussocialsecurityschemesanddevelopmentprogrammesofthemainstreaminsurancecompanies.Italsoworksoninsuranceliteracyandresearchingonsocialsecurityissuesforpolicyadvocacy.ThroughthePeoples’Organisations,thePeoples’Mutualsoffersanumberofsocialsecurityproductsandservices.

Covering life risks of the poor

Existinglifeinsuranceproductsofinsurancecompaniescovertheliferisksupto60yearsofageandnoinsurancecompanyproductisprovidinglifecovertopoorafter60yearsofage.Thisneedisaddressedbytermorwholelifemutualhelpprogrammes,whichprovideliferiskcoverirrespectiveofage.SafetynetmechanismbywayofrisksharingarrangementsthroughPeopleMutualsandacrossguaranteefundensuressustainabilityoflifemutualhelpprogrammes.

Whole life insuranceprogrammes involvepaymentofcontributionbypeopleupto60or65yearsofagefortheliferiskcovertheirentirelifetime.Thequantumofcontributionvarieswithageandsex.Wholelifeinsurancecoverhasbeenensuredto17,995poor,ofwhich13,030arewomen.Suchpremiumisunaffordableformostofthepeople,whoareattheirmiddleagesabove.Therefore,thelocationswherewholelifemutualinsurancewastakenearlierhavestartedswitchingovertotermlifeinsurance.

Thepoorcommunitieshaveexpressedthattheyneedalifeinsurancecoverirrespectiveofageforanequalcontributionofpremiumbyeveryone.Thecontributionissubsidisedbytheyoungtotheagedintheprocessofuniformcontribution.Suchatermlifemutualinsuranceprogrammesarerunby16Federations.Atotalof104,575peoplecomprisingof61,366womenand43209menhavebeencovered.

Health security

Healthmutual programme is in operation for the past 10 years in the federations promoted byDHAN.TheGovernmentsponsoredUniversalHealthInsuranceScheme(UHIS)wasfoundtobeanappropriateandaffordableproductforthepeople.UHISprovideshospitalizationcoverofRs.30,000apartfrompersonalaccidentcoverofRs.25000toheadofthefamilyandwagelosscompensationonaccountofhospitalizationof theheadof the family.Thehealthmutual insuranceprogrammehasreachedto50,148peoplesofar.Ofthem,25,173arewomenandtherestaremen.ThetotalpremiumpaidunderthisprogrammewasRs.3.38millionforacoverofRs.275million.ThemembershaveavailedthebenefitsworthofRs.1.5millionduringthisyear.

Insurance for People Living with HIV

ItispertinenttonotethatthePeopleLivingwithHIVareexcludedunderthelifeandhealthinsuranceproducts of commercial insurers.Whereas tailormade insuranceproduct by themwould involvehighpremiumratesandsmallbenefitswhichwouldmaketheminappropriateandweanthePLHIVfromaccessingtheseproducts.ApilotprojectforprovidinginsurancetoPLHIVwasimplementedinthefederationsofSalemregionforensuringfinancialsupporttotheirfamilies.TheprojectinvolvessafeguardingPLHIVfromliferisksandprovidingthemaswellastheirfamilymembers,ahealthriskcover.DHANFoundation collaboratedwithPopulationServices International forworkingout anaffordablerisksolutionforthelifeandhealthrisksofPLHIV.ThelifeandhealthrisksofPLHIVwereretainedatthePeopleMutuals.


Mitigating weather risks

Farmingisfraughtwithmanyrisksandvagariesofnature.Uncertaintyofcropyieldowingtoexcessordeficitrains,pestordiseaseattackisamatterofgraveconcernforfarmers.Theyalsofacepricerisks.Theuncertaintyofincomefromtheirfarmsoveryearsisamatterofseriousthreattotheveryexistenceof farmingsincefarmersareunabletoearntheir living.Protectingthemfromcropriskswouldmakefarmingastheviableandsustainablelivelihood.

The cropmutual insurance is implemented in 15 federations of Tank-fedAgriculture, RainfedAgriculture andCoastal conservation programmes ofDHAN. 159 automatic rain gaugeswereinstalledin15locations.Therainfallreceivedintheseraingaugeswouldbebasisfordecidingthepay-out.Thus,itcanbecalledasrainfallindexedcropinsurance.CropinsuranceisdoneforsixcropssuchasPaddy,Chillies,Pulses,Pearlmillet,SorghumandMaize.PeopleMutualscollaboratedwithAgriculturalInsuranceCompanywhichtakesthebasisriskonthebasisourvillageautomaticraingaugedata.Duringthecropinsurancewasdonein1558.76hectaresoflandownedby5914farmersofthirteenfederations.ThefarmershavepaidapremiumofRs.1.6millionforacoverofRs.20million.ThebenefitpaidduringtheyearwasRs.2.4million.

Securing livelihood assets

Livestock is themajor shock proof for the families involved in farming. Livestockmutual helpprogrammewasinitiatedfrom2009.About1004animalsworthRs.9.5millionwerecovered.ThepeoplepaidacontributionofRs.130,000,andreceivedacompensationofRs.63,200fortheirlosses.

Micro Pension for the aged poor

India,likemostotherdevelopingcountries,doesnothaveauniversalsocialsecuritysystemtoprotecttheelderlyagainsteconomicdeprivation.Theoldagepopulationincreasedthree-foldfromabout19millionin1971toaround62millionin2011,anditisexpectedtodoubleby2026.MostoftheworkingpoorinIndiahavetraditionallybeenexcludedbyformalpensionprovisions.Thispopulationisveryvulnerabletooldagepoverty,asbarelyfivepercentofthemarepresentlysavingforretirement.Thepoorcommunitieshadalwaysbeenwillingtosavefortheiroldage,buttherewerenoinstitutionalmechanismstomakeithappen.

DHANFoundationwiththesupportofMicroPensionFoundation,TheNetherlandsinitiatedamicro-pensionproject.With the consideration of needs articulatedby themembers, a pensionproductwasdesignedandofferedwiththesupportofLifeInsuranceCorporationofIndia,oneofthelargestinsuranceagenciesinIndia.

Graduation Approach in Livelihoods

Thelivelihoodinterventionstrategyforeachofthelocation,whereDHANisimplementingitsdevelopmentprogrammesevolveovertheyearsdependingonexistinglivelihoodopportunities,potentialforexpansionandgraduationintoalargerbusinessenterpriseimpactingalargenumberofpoorhouseholds.Thegraduationisdependentontheadvancementandmaturationoftheprogrammesandgrowthofthefederations

tohandlelargerlivelihoodenterprises.Theinterventionismodeledintothreelevels.

InModel1,thepoorhouseholdswhoareinvolvedinsimilarlivelihoodactivitiesareorganisedintoPrimaryProducerandMarketingGroups(PPGsandPMGs).Thesearethebusinessbasedpeoplesorganisationsorganisedtotakeupfocusedinterventions,nurtureanddeepenthem,developintopotentialactivityforenterprisepromotioninfuture.Theinterventionsatthislevelareconfined


tofacilitatingfinanceforlivelihoodsthatthehouseholdsarealreadyinvolvedin,ensurecreationofnewlivelihoodassetsorincreasingperformanceofexistingassets,creationofcommunityinfrastructuressuchasirrigationtanksandponds,soilandmoistureconservation.Alltheseinterventionsareaimedatenhancingproductionandproductivityfromtheexistinglivelihoodactivitiesofthememberhouseholds.

InModel2,thePMGsengageinaggregatingtheproduces,establishinglinkageswiththeexisting

marketsafteranegotiationforbetterprice.ThescaleadvantageprovidesspaceforthePMGstonegotiateforcompetitiveprice.Thisprocesseliminatesthemiddlemeninvolvedtraditionallyintheactivityandwhohadbeenenjoyingthemajorbenefitsleavingtheprimaryproducerswithmarginalprofits,manyatimespushingthemintoloss.Anexampleforthismodelis‘MedicinalPlanCollectionActivity’,wherejustcollectionandmarketingofmedicinalplantsbythePMGsensuresfairpriceforthegathererswhohadbeenexploitedbythemiddlemenformanyyears.

Collective marketing of farm inputs and outputs

ThePMGspromotedwith farmers ofVayalagamandRainfedFarmingDevelopmentprogrammesofDHANareinvolvedincollectivepurchaseandmarketingoffarmproducessuchasmaize,cotton,chillies and groundnut. Similarly the PMGs facilitate collective purchase and supply of seeds,fertilisers,hireof farmequipments.Apilotproject for linking theprimaryvegetableproducersofMagadiblockofBangaloreruraldistrictwiththeBangaloreurbanvegetablemarketswastakenup.Resultsofthepilotwereencouragingasitprovedtobehighlybeneficialfortheprimaryvegetableproducers.Theygotbackwardandforwardlinkagesupportsthroughthepilotandasaresultthey


were able to increase their productivity and also realize highermarketmargins. To build on thepositiveexperienceaProducerCompanyhasbeenpromotedtoscaleuptheactivities.

ForinstanceShriIndhryeeMahilaKalanjiamSamakhyastartedtheFertilizerBusinessinJune2010.Thepurposeofthebusinesswastosupportthepoorfarmersbyprovidingqualityfertilizerontimeataffordableprices.ThefertiliserwasmadeavailabletoDodandaclustercovering7villages.Tostartwith,therewasameetingofFederationBoardofdirectors.Themembersraisedtheconcernofnotgettingthetimelysupplyoffertilizers.ItwasdecidedtoaddresstheissuebyproposingtostartthefertilizerBusiness.

SixmembersfromBoardofDirectorsformedaprimarymarketinggroup(PMG)andacquiredtheLicensefromJointDirector(JD),Agriculturedepartment,Adilabad.Havingobtainedthelicense,theywentaboutidentifyingtherequirement.Aftertheneedassessmentwasmade,twoBODmembersmetMARKFEDandJD-agricultureforthepurposeofFertilizerbooking.PMGtookaloanofRs.1lakhfromFederation’sownfund.Initially,themembersstartedwithjust17tonnesi.e.370bagsofDAP.

Withthiseffort,PMGmadeanetprofitRs.27000aftermeetingexpenditureonTransport,Hamalicharges,Interestonloan,Stationeryetc.Thisyear,theyareplanningformorethan4truckloadsoffertilizerBusinessof400bagseachofUrea&DAP.ThePMGhasputinplacethecompletesystemofdocumentationandrecordkeeping.IthasestablishedasystemwithReceiptbook,Cashbook,Minutesbook,stockregister,BankPassbook,FilingSystem,Voucher.

Producer Company for Medicinal Plant Gatherers

InselectedpocketsoffoothillsofWesternGhats,thelandlesslabourers,mostlythepoorwomenareinvolvedinmedicinalplantscollection.Theyhavebeensellingtheircollectiontothelocalmerchants,who are themiddlemen for big Pharmaceutical companies. The gathererswould usually get ameagreincome.Toeliminatesuchanexploitativepractice,theKTLhaspromotedaround35PPGsofherbal gatherers; educate themon sustainable collectionpractices, link themdirectlywith thePharmaceuticalcompanies.AwarehousehasbeenhiredatSilvarpatti,inTamilNadutoaccommodatemorethan100MetricTonnesofproducestoundertakecleaning,packingandprocessingthemedicinalplants.ThesePPGshavebeenfederatedintoMedicinalandAromaticPlantsUrpathiyalarProducerCompany(MARUTHI).

InModel3,thePPGsandPMGs,withtheirenhancedskillsandproductionandmarketingareengaginginvalueadditionandreachingouttotheconsumersdirectly.Anexampleforthismodelisdairyinitiative,whichtransformedtoaproducercompanyinCuddaloredistrictTamilNadu.TheKalanjiamMilkProducersCompanyLimited(KMPCL),promotedbytheDairyPPGsisnowhandlingtheactivitiesofprocuring,processingandmarketingofmilkandmilkproducts.KMPCLstronglybelievesthatbyorganisingtheunorganisedmilkproducersintocollectiveenterpriseswithrequisitecapabilitiesandlocalisedvaluechains,theycanbeenabledtobecomeamajormarketplayer.Thiswould

eliminateexploitation,enhanceviabilityofsmallenterprises,strengthenandsustainlocaleconomy.ByconvertingrawmilktoPasteurisedHomogenisedandStandardisedmilk,KMPCLaddsvaluetotheproduce.Throughvalueadditionitensuresgenerationofhigherrevenuesfortheproducerthanifweretobemarketedasitis.Thehigherreturnsbringwithitahigherelementofriskinhandlingabiologicallyactiveproduct.Also,theconceptofvalueadditiongainssignificanceonlyifoneisabletobranditandmakeitavailablefortheendconsumer.Inordertorealizethe‘PowerofBranding’ithasestablishedthebrand‘Anandham’fortheProcessedMilk.‘Anandham’means‘Happiness’andbrandnametrulyreflects


KMPCL’sintenttospreadhappinessamongstpoorproducers.Appropriateinfrastructureandthetechnologyhavebeendeployedtoprocessthemilk.KMPCLiscurrentlyengagingaround800membersdirectlyinthemilkprocurementprocessandtouchesover180villagesaroundaradiusof100Kms.

Graduation within the livelihoods

Thepoorhouseholdspossessdifferentlevelsoflivelihoodassetsandskills.Theirlivelihooddecisionsareofteninfluencedbythestageoftheirfamilylifecycleanddegreeofvulnerabilitytoshocksanduncertainties.Byacquiringafewproductiveassetsandskillstheysecuretheirsubsistencefirstandstartexpandingtheirassetsandskills.Theygetacquaintedwithmarket,increasetheircreditworthinessandabsorptioncapacity.Withscaledupproductionandproductivitytheyensuresecuredincomeandstabilisedcashflow.Thepoorhouseholdsgothroughtheprocessofgraduationintheirrespectivelivelihoodactivitieswiththesupportrenderedbytheirprimarygroupsandnetworkinstitutions.Theirlivelihoodgraduationhappens

parallelwiththegraduationoftheinstitutionswheretheyownmembership.

Forinstance,amember,whoownsacow,withherskillsinmaintainingitandloansupportfromherSHGaddsanadditionalcow.Shealsoborrowsmoneyfromthegroupformeetingitsoperationalexpensessuchaspurchaseoffeed,cultivategreenfodder,andreceiveveterinarycaretotheanimals.Thoughshestartswithjustaloansupportfromthegroupinitially,whenshebecomesthememberofaPrimaryProducerGroup,shegetsallthevalueaddedservices.ThroughherPPG,shegetsafairandcompetitiveprice,andtimelypayment.Withallthesesupportservices,enhancedknowledgeandskillindairyfarming,increasedmotivationandcongenialmarketenvironment,sheaddsafewmoreanimals,makingitaminidairyunit.Frommanaginglivestockjustasasurvivalstrategyshegraduatesherselfintoafull-fledgeddairyfarmer,makingitasustainableandprimarysourceoflivelihoodtoherfamily.Likethis,thememberhouseholdsgetsgraduatedwithinthelivelihoods,makingthemownamicro-enterprises,whichgrowsatparwiththegrowthofthePrimaryProducerGroups,whichgetsgraduatedintoaProducerCompanyovertheyears.

Promoting Community Owned Dairy Enterprise - Dindigul Experience

DairyisoneofthemosttalkedaboutlivelihoodspromotionactivityintheDindigulregion.Theregionhas25Primaryproducergroups.Inthestudyarea,sevenPPGsareunderSanarpatticlusterand5inKannivadicluster.Theinterventionwasstartedin2005,inspiredbythesuccessofdairyinterventioninConnor,wherethemilkisbeingprocured,chilled,packedanddistributedunderthebrandname‘Anandam’.

TheideaofformingPPGsisintroducedtoonlythosegroupswheremostofthemembersarealreadyrearingcattleandsellingmilkforadditionalincome.PPGisformedatthevillagelevelcomprisingofmaximum15-20members.IftherearemoremembersthenanotherPPGisformedinthesamevillage.ItiscompulsoryforaPPGmembertobepartoftheKalanjiamgroup.

Formation: ThePPG formation and functioning is facilitated byDairy regional coordinatorMr.Kanakaraj.HehasbeenexclusivelytrainedbyVeterinaryUniversityontechnicalaspectsofartificialincrimination,acclimatizingnewbreedsofcowstothenewenvironment,primaryveterinarycare,nutritionalaspectsforthecattlerearing,milkingusingmachinesetc.HeisalsotrainedonmanagerialskillsofformingPPGs,linkingthemtochillingcentresandothersbyDhanacademy.

Functioning:AtthevillagelevelthePPGgroupmembersfunctionlikeanyotherSHGgroup.Theyhavemonthlymeetingsduringwhichtheydosavings,takeloansandalsolearnaboutdifferentaspects


ofcattlerearingandcare.Theconditionisthatthememberhastopourmilkonlytothecentreandtheyarenotsupposedtodoanylocalsalesofthemilk.Memberisallowedtotakeaway½to1litreofmilkforconsumption.Memberofthisgroupisprovidedwith:

" Loanstobuycattle

" Technicalhelpforartificialinsemination

" Accesstoveterinarycamps

" Accesstomineralmixture(feed)fromtheveterinaryuniversity

" Potassium(anti-bacterial)tocleanupthecattlebeforemilking

" Trainingoncattlerearing

" Facilityforcollectivemilkingofthecow

Collectively selling the milk to the chilling centre.

CollectiveMilking: This arrangementwas thought of because not allmembers had the skills ofmilking.Thepracticewastohireapersonwhowouldcometwiceadayinthemorningandeveningtomilkthecowsforafee.Toreducetheexpenditurethegroupdecidedtocollectivelyhireapersonwhowouldmilkthecowsinthemember’shouse.ThefeewaspaidbythePPG.ItwastheresponsibilityofthePPGleaderstoorganizeandensurethatthemilkingpersongoestoallthemembers’houseregularly.MilkthuscollectedwastogetherpouredtothechillingcentrewithwhichthePPGhadanunderstanding.

Thisideadidn’tworkverywell.BecausethecowsweremilkedinthemembershousewherethePPGwasunabletoensurehygieneandnotaddingwatertodilutethemilk.Itwasdifficulttosellthemilkasthechillingcentrerefusedtotakesuchmilk.Becauseofthis,otherswhoweredoingitwellalsosuffered.SotheythoughtofsettingupashedwhereallthecowswouldbemilkedandmeasuredinfrontofthemaintenancepersonappointedbyPPG,whichworkedwell.Inthemean-timeinyear2009,thecattleshedmaintenancepersonandtwootherPPGmembersweretrainedtousemilkingmachinestomilkthecows.

Pricing of the Milk: PPGcollectsmilkfrommembersatRs.17perlitreandsellsittochillingcentreatRs.19or20dependingonSolidsNotFat(SNF).SNFtestingforindividualmemberpouringmilkisnotdone.AllthemilkispouredtogetherandsingleSNFtestingisdoneatthechillingcentre,whichisenteredinthebookagainstthenameofthePPG.EveryyearPPGgivesabonusofRs.0.25foreverylitreofmilkpouredbythememberinthatyear.

Leader’s View:KolandeyesuKalanjiamofVadakatupatti village in Sanarpatti cluster ofDindigulregionisonesuchgroupwhichhasadairyPPG.Thegroupis10yearsoldandhasseenmanymembersjoiningandleavingthegroup.Todayithasonly6membersbutcontinueswithitsactivitiesinallitsvigour.A.Arokyamary,themaintenanceinchargeoftheshedaswellasthePPGleader,sharesthatonaaverage10cowscomeformilkingintheshedtwiceaday.Onanaverageacowgives10litreofmilkadaywhichissoldatRs.17perlitre.AmemberincursanexpenditureofRs.100perdayoneachcowandearnsanincomeofRs.170-200perday.ThepaymentismadeonceamonthduringthePPGmeeting.PPGincursothercostslikepayingmonthlysalaryofRs.2,200totheshedmaintenancepersonandothermiscellaneousexpenses.TheseexpensesaremetfromRs.2perlitreofmilk,itearnsfromsellingmilkathigherratetothechillingcentre.

LikeArokayamary,Vadevimaryisalsoawoman,whoearnsincomebydairyactivitiestoprovideforherfamily.BoththesewomensaytheyearnnotlessthanRs.8000permonthwhichissufficientforthemfulfilbasicneeds.BothofthemsharethatifmoremembersjointhePPGthentheycanhavetheir


ownchillingandpackingcentretherebytheycanearnbetterincomefromthisactivity.Mr.Kanakaraj, says themicrofinance institutions havedisturbed the group activity.Members have left thegroupsastheMFIsgivemoreloanswithoutconsideringtheirincome.Unliketheirgroupswhereloanisprovidedbasedonthesavings,theygetloan4timestheirsavingsinthegroupandthemaximumlimitisfixedto50,000.Healsosaysthatsomepeoplewantmoneyeverydaysoprefertosellmilktooutsidevendorswhopaythemimmediately.HealsosaidthattheyareworkingtowardsaddressingtheseissuesandcreatemoreawarenessaboutthebenefitsofbeingpartofPPG.

Farm based livelihoods

Conservationofresourcesinanyform,eitherman–madeornaturalcontributesdirectlytothelivelihoodsofpoorandmarginalisedcommunities.Arrestingleakagesofincomethroughsavings,conservationofwaterandlandresources,traditionalknowledgeofrainfedfarmingandfishing,artisanalskillsandcraftsmanshipformthebasisoflivelihoodenhancementstrategies.Conservationapproachinlivelihoodsbuiltonlocalwisdom,resourcesandcapabilitiesenhancesself–relianceandsustainsdevelopment.

DHANFoundation’sVayalagamProgrammewasinitiatedtoconservesmall-scalewaterbodiesandbringbackthelocalmanagementofthetank

systeminthelongrun;theprogrammepromotespeopleinstitutions,atvariouslevelsfromtankstocascades,watershedsandatbasinlevel.Water,now,hasbecomeauniquetoolforalleviatingpoverty.Around299,000poorfarmershavebeenorganizedinto2980Vayalagams(orTankFarmers’Associations)and187Cascadeassociationsinconservingtraditionalwaterstructuresliketanks,pondsandcascades.TheprogrammewasabletomobilizeandimplementRs.900millionworthofconservationanddevelopmentprogrammesinpartnershipwithdevelopmentagenciesofstateandcentralgovernments,nationalandinternationaldonors.Theseconservationanddevelopmenteffortshaveresultedinstabilizingcultivationin75,000hectaresoftankcommandarea.

Stabilising farm-based livelihoods: Chittoor Experience

Chittoor is oneof themostdroughtpronedistricts inAndhraPradesh,wheredroughts and cropfailuresareacommonscenealmosteveryyeardue toerratic rainfall,depletedgroundwateranddegradedwaterharvestingstructuresandsoon.Thefarmingcommunitiesinthisdistricthavealwaysbeenonthelookoutforabetteralternativetosurvive.Moreoftentheyresortedtodairyasthenextbestsolutionandtheytrieddifferentcroppingpatternstomitigatethevagariesofmonsoons.

DHANFoundation entered this district in 1998 to promote itsVayalagamTank-fedAgricultureDevelopmentProgramme.InpartnershipwiththedistrictadministrationtheFoundationhasevolvedan inclusivemodel of Tank-basedwatersheddevelopment, breaking a conventional approach ofexcluding irrigation tanks fromtreatment.Theprojectwasstarted inPunganurmandal.With therestorationofirrigationresourcesandsoilandmoistureconservationworks,thefarmerswereabletoreapat leastonecropinayearandsecuredwaterfortheir livestock.Theyfoundpromotionoffarmorchardsasaviablealternativetocopeupwithassureddroughts.Seeingthesuccessofsuchinitiatives, the programmehas been subsequently expanded to nearbyPalamaner,Gudipala andRamasamudrammandals. TheProgrammehas reachedout to 6995 farm families,whohavebeenorganisedinto175VayalagamFarmers’Associationsin285villages.

Livelihood Status

" Around67percentmembersareinvolvedindairyfarming,whichshowstheimportanceofdairyactivity,acopingupstrategyoffarmers.


" Averageextentoflandownedbyamemberis2.54acres

" Around72percentofmembersbelongtosmallandmarginalfarmers’categorywhichistheprimetargetgroupoftheVayalagamProgramme.

" LandlesscontributesAround20percentfamiliesarelandless,whoarepartofmicro-financegroupsorganisedbytheVayalagamFederations.

" Nearlyhalfofthememberssolelydependentonfarmingastheirprimaryoccupationandonethirdofthefamiliesarelabourers.

" Otheroccupationsincludessheeprearing,masons,tailors,carpenters,electricians,pettybusiness,driversandfactoryworkers.

Interventions of Vayalagams Programme in enhancing livelihoods

Over these years, farmers’ organisations promoted inChittoor district have takenup a numberof activities to sustain tank-fed agriculture,which is a critical livelihood strategy of the farmingcommunities.Inadditiontorestorationofirrigationtanksandlanddevelopmentactivitiestoenhancefarmproductionandproductivity,themicrofinanceoperationstakenupbythefarmersthemselveshaveensuredflowofcreditformakeuseoftheharvestedwater.

Poverty levelsFarm credit

(Rs. in million)Farm Ponds

(Nos.)Horticultural

plantation (ac)Land

development (ac)

S1 56.3 137 110.42 421.35

S2 42.2 241 249.3 259.87

S3 8.6 128 96.3 194.56

S4 5.6 67 195.45 121.32

Total 112.7 573 651.47 997.10

" MorethanRupees112millionworthofcredithasbeenmobilisedandissuedtomembersforvariousagricultureandlivelihoodsdevelopmentactivities.Ofthis,87percentofloanshavegonetoS1andS2families.

" 573farmpondswereconstructedtoprovidelife-savingirrigationforagricultureandhorticulturecrops.SixtysixpercentofpondsconstructedwenttoS1andS2families

" 651.47acresofdrylandwasbroughtunderhorticultureplantationtoenhanceproductivityandincome.FiftyfivepercentofplantationswereraisedonthelandsbelongtofamilieslivinginS1andS2categories.

" Around1000acresoflandwasdevelopedthroughvariouslanddevelopmentactivitieslikefield-bunding,tanksiltapplicationtodrylands,landleveling,andlayingpipelines.SixtyeightpercentofdevelopedlandsbelongtofamilieslivinginS1andS2categories.

" Renovated91tankstostabilizetank-fedagriculturein5750acres.Everyyeararound4500membersarecoveredunderlifeinsurancetoprovidesocialsecurity

" EveryyeartheVayalagamFederationsfacilitatesupplyofqualityfarminputssuchasseedsandfertilizersatlowerpricetoaround200farmers.Communitynurserieshavebeenestablishedintwoplacestosupplyqualityvegetableseedlingsforaround200farmers.Ithasbeenreportedthatsupplyofqualityseedlingshasincreasedyieldby15percent.

" Everyyeararound100farmersarebenefitedthroughfishrearinginpondsandgettinganadditionalincomerangingfromRs.3000-15000


Advancing livelihoods

Havingcompletedoveradecadeinpromotingtank-basedwatersheddevelopment,theFederationsinChittoordistrictarenowworkingongraduatingthelivelihoodsofmemberstonextlevel.InthecomingyearstheFederationswillfocuson

" Workingwithpaddycultivatorsforenhancingproductivitybyatleast15percentthroughproductionandsupplyofqualityseeds,collectiveinputprocurementandoutputmarketing,promotingtechnologiessuchassystemofriceintensification(SRI)anddrumseeding,buildingcapacityofthefarmersthroughfarmfieldschools.

" Promoting‘dairyfarming’atlargescalebyevolvingexclusiveloanproductsandmobilizingcreditfromfinancialinstitutions,promotionof‘minidairy’conceptforensuring50-100litersofmilkproductionperday,introducingregularveterinarycareandpromotionofgreenfodderplots,collectiveprocurementofqualitylivestockfeed.

" ConstructingFarmPondsandpromotingDrylandHorticultureforsmallandmarginalfarmers.

" PromotingFruitsandVegetablescollectivemarketingthroughProducerCompany

" EstablishingLIFEcentersinalllocationstoimpartskillbuildingtrainingstomembersandalsotheirchildrenwhichwouldenhancetheirincome.

Livelihoods and gender equity

Thereisampleevidencetothegenderdifferencesinthedistributionofassets,entitlements,aswellasthegendereddivisionofactivities.Promotinglivelihoodsthatrequireequalcontribution,controlandownershipofbothmenandwomenwithinthefamilywouldensuregenderequityandequality.Whenwomengaincontroloverfinancialandlivelihoodresources,theygainvisibilityandsayoverthingsaffectingthemwithintheirfamilyandthesociety.

Theeconomicactivitieswhichrequirespecialisedskillssuchasmasonryorhandlingagriculturalequipmentsaregenerallyattendedbymen.Womenhaveagreaterstakeinagricultureastheycarryoutmostofthedifficultactivitiessuchastransplanting,weeding,andharvestingallofwhichinvolvephysicalstrain.ManywomenafterjoiningtheSHGshaveundertakentheeconomicactivitiessuchasfishmarketing,smallbusinessandpettytrading,livestockrearing,andforestproducescollection,processingandmarketing.Theyhavealsopromotedeconomicactivitygroupssuchasprimaryproducersgroups,marketingcompaniesandprocessingunits,whichresultsinimprovementoftheirstatusduetosignificantcontributiontowardseconomicdevelopment.

Thepeoples’organisationsensurethattheassetscreatedthrougheconomicactivitiesareinthenameofwomen,beingcontrolledbythem.Mencooperationinthisregardishighlyappreciable.Withthesupportofcreditfacilitiesfromtheirgroups,theassetssuchasdairyanimals,sheep,goat,bothhouselandandagricultureland,housewithbasicamenities,shops,two-wheelers,equipmentsandmachineriesrelatedtoskilledactivitiesarecreatedandregisteredinthenameofthewomen.Ithascreatedafeelingoflifesecuritytohandletheirfutureduringcalamities.

Duetoactiveparticipationofwomenindifferenteconomicactivities,theirphysicalmobilityhasincreased.Theyattendskillbuildingtrainingprogrammes,businessrelatedandregulargroupmeetings,andmakefrequentvisitstobanks,visitslocalanddistantmarkets,andnearbyvillagesanddistrictssometimestootherstates.Duringsuchtime,theirhusbandsaccompanythemandhelptheminundertakingtheactivitiesconcernedsuccessfully.Thefrequentvisitstolocalblockdevelopmentoffices,districtadministration,andotherprivateorganisationsfornegotiationandbetterdecisionmakingfortheirfavourhasincreasedtheleveltheirconfidence.Ithasincreasedaccesstoknowledgeandinformation.


Thesocialnetworkandtheinteractionprocesseshelptheminreachingoutandaccesstonecessaryinformation.Duetothehigherdegreeofparticipation,womenarebeingconsultedforsuggestionsandbeinginvolvedinthecommunitydecisionmakingprocesses,whichleadtoincreaseintheirconfidencelevelandself-esteemandalsothepositionstheycouldgainwithintheircommunities.

New Frontiers in livelihoods

Thepoorhouseholdsarealwaysdisadvantagedinreapingthebenefitsofgrowthandnewopportunities.Demystifyingandscalingdownnewtechnologies,organisingthepoortogainaccessandcontrolovertechnologiesandcreatingfavourableenvironmentforlinkingthemwithrelevantstakeholdersforreachingscaleandsustainabilityarethekeystrategiestobringbenefitsoftheemerginglivelihoodopportunitiestothepoor.

Tourism based livelihoods

DHAN’sTourism forDevelopment theme is anoutcomeof the four-yearpilot project ‘-EndogenousTourismforRuralLivelihoods’implementedbyitinKaraikudiandKazhugumalaiinTamilNaduwiththe support ofUnitedNationsDevelopmentProgrammeandGovernment of India.One of the keylearningsoftheprojectwasthatthediversifiedlivelihoodopportunitiesexistinthetourismsectorcancontributeinpovertyreduction.‘TourismforDevelopment’isacrosscuttingthemetofacilitateDHAN’sprogrammesworkinginthelocationsoftourismimportancetocapitalizetheemergingopportunitiesinthetourismsector.Itwouldbeamulti–stakeholderandinclusiveapproachwithallthestakeholdersintourismincludingthepoorcommunities.Followingthesuccessinthesetwolocations,withthesupportof Tourismministry, the programmehas been expanded to Theerthamalai inDharmapuri district,DevipattinaminRamnadDistrictandThirupudaimaruthurinThirunelveliDistrictofTamilNadu.

The poor families are organised into tourismbasedPeoples’Organisations.Microfinance activitiesintroduced in the SHGshelp them savemoney, draw loans for their livelihoods and get insurancecover.ArtisansandserviceprovidersareorganisedintoPrimaryProducerandMarketinggroupsandfederatedasProducercumMarketingCompanies.Skillbuildingisdonefocusingonbuildingnewskillsinproduction,servicingandmarketingrelatedtotourism.ThePeoples’Organisationsarelinkedwithcommercialbanks,marketsandresourceinstitutionstomobilizeresources,produceandmarketqualityproducts.Ensuringresponsibletourismthroughpromotingtourismliteracyandcapacitybuildingisapriorityinestablishedtourismclusters.

ICT based livelihoods

Thereexistsagreatdigitaldividebetweenrichandpoor.TheICTthemeofDHANworkstowardsmakingthepoor communities to ownandmanage ICTprogrammes thatwould serve their information andcommunicationneedsinasustainablemanner.ThethemeopensupnewopportunitiestoaddresstheissuesofpovertyandgenderbypromotingThagavalagamICTgroupswithmenandwomenforprovidingaccesstonewandempoweringinformationthatcanaddresslargeinequalitiesthatthepoorcommunitiesfaceinareaslikeeducationandemployment.

TheICTProgrammereachesouttothelocalcommunitiesthroughtheVillageInformationCentersandCommunityColleges.Thesecenterswereable tocreateemploymentopportunities for the ruralpoorandalso reducing their cost and time spent on their existing livelihoods.TwentyfiveThagavalagamCommunityCollegesofferarangeofcertificateanddiplomacoursesincomputerapplicationsrecognizedbyIGNOUJoborientedcomputercourseshelpedtheyouthstoacquireemployableskillsandtheyhavebeenemployedintheirrespectivefields.Farmershavegotexposuretonewpracticesandtechnologiesin thefieldsofagricultureandanimalhusbandry throughvideoconferencingwith relevant researchdepartments.


Way forward

DHANFoundationobserved2011-12as‘Yearoflivelihoods’tolookcloselyattheimpactthatithascreatedonthelivelihoodsofthepoorhouseholdswithwhomithasbeenworkingformorethantwodecades,consolidateitsexperiencesinlivelihoodinterventions,andinitiatetheprocessofstrategizingitslivelihoodapproachwithitsgroundexperiences.Continuingtheactivitiesinitiatedlastyear,thethematicprogrammesandinstitutionsofDHANCollectivewouldworkonadvancingthemintheforthcomingyears.

Thepeoples’organisationswouldconsolidatetheirexperiencesinlivelihoodpromotionamongthepoorhouseholds,evolveandadoptlocationspecificgoalsandstrategiesforenhancinglivelihoodsoftheirmemberfamilies.

Farminganddairywouldbegivenhighemphasisasmorethanhalfoftheonemillionpoorfamiliesaredependentonthemfortheirlivelihoods.Interventionmodelsadaptabletodifferentcontextswouldbeevolvedandintroduced

Afterathoroughinvestigationandbyinvolvingthegroups,peoples’organisationswoulddeclarealistof‘peopleoutofpoverty’eachyear,withacceptanceofthepeopledeclaredandwithverifiablefactsandindicators.

Knowledgegainedoverthelasttwodecadesinimplementingprogrammesforlivelihoodenhancementandpovertyreductionwouldbesynthesizedandmadeavailableforusebyotheractors.

Annual Report 2012


Annual Report 2012TouchingthelivesofonemillionpoorfamilieswasamatterofprideforeveryoneinDHANFoundationinthisyear.Togetherwithorganisingthepoorcommunitiesdirectly,DHANasresourcesupportorganisation,withthecollectiveeffortsoftheprogrammesandinstitutionsintheDHANCollective,wasabletoreachthisonemillion.

Buildingonthisachievement,DHANhasstartedthestrategicplanningexercisetorevisititsvisionandmission,setgoals,andidentifystrategiestoreachthemby2017.TheannualretreatheldatMysoremarkedthebeginningofalargescaleconsultationacrosstheentireDHANCommunityincludingthepeoples’organisationspromotedbyDHANandourcollaborators.

YetanotherhonourforourcontributionwasbestowedonusbytheSitaramJindalFoundationwithaJindalPrizeforDHAN’scontributionsinruraldevelopmentandpovertyalleviation.Theprizecarriesacashcontributionofonecrorerupeestofurtherourinitiatives.

The2012versionofMaduraiWalkathonfocusedonthethemeofclimatechangeadaptation.Thisyear,theeventwasbroad-basedto19citiesacrossIndiadisseminatingtheissuesandchallengesofchangingclimates,callingpeopletoactonthemwithsimpleinterventions.ReintroducingtheforgottensmallmilletshasbeentakenasthethemefortheforthcomingWalkathon.

MaduraiSymposium2011,theflagshipknowledgemanagementeventofTata-DhanAcademy,broughtallthestakeholderssuchaspoorcommunities,NGOs,banks,government,corporateagencies,andacademicianstogethertodeliberateonthethemeof“livelihoods”.Seminars,conventions,conferences,andworkshopsonthethemeof“advancinglivelihoods”wereorganisedtosynthesiseknowledgefrompracticeandevolvestrategiestoadvancethemfurther.

TheVayalagamProgrammereachedamilestoneoffacilitatingRs.100millionworthofworksforconservinganddevelopingtraditionalwaterresourceswithcommunityinvestmentandownership.CSRcontributionswerereceivedfromcorporatehouseslikeHindustanUnileverLimited,AXISBank,ITCLimited,andBharatPetroleumCorporationLimited.ThelargescalecollaborationwiththeconservationandwatershedprojectsoftheGovernmentofAndhraPradeshhelpedusintensifyourworkintheState.

ThereisincreasingspaceforDHANtoscale-upitsKalanjiamenablingmodelofmicrofinanceinthestateofMaharashtra,thankstotheopenandreinforcingpartnershipwithMahilaArthikVikasMahamandal(MAVIM).Differentavenuesareopeninguptoevolvejointprojectsinvolvingotherstakeholders.Thehealthinterventionpackageevolvedoveradecadeofexperimentationisnowavailableforscalingup.Educationisanemerging


areaofinterventionwhichwouldbetakenupintensivelyinthecomingyears.

Itwasayearofunderstandingthestatusofmembers’livelihoods,asalltheregionsandlocationsspentmoretimeincategorisingthemembersaccordingtotheirfamilyandlivelihoodstatus,profilingtheirlivelihoodsandidentifyingpotentiallivelihoodsforintervention.Thiswouldfurtherbehandledwithgreatdetailsandclarity,inthecomingyear,whichwouldfocuson“advancinglivelihoods”.AgricultureanddairyhaveemergedasthelargestportfoliooflivelihoodactivitiestakenupbythepoorfamilieswithwhomDHANisworking.Ourexperiencesintank-fedandrainfedfarmingprogrammesaregettingintegratedwithotherprogrammestobringmoresynergyandbenefitstothepoorfamilies.

TheCoastalConservationandLivelihoodsProgramme,RainfedFarmingDevelopment

Programme,andTata-DhanAcademyhavereachedastatusoffull-fledgedprogrammes.WorkingwithPanchayats,CommunicationandInformationTechnologyforDevelopment,TourismforDevelopmentwouldbecomecrosscuttingthemeswithotherprogrammes.

ThenewthemesClimateChangeAdaptation,Migration,andYouthDevelopmenthaveidentifiedthepotentialareasforpiloting.WhilethefirstonehasgotanexperimentationgrantsupportfromGIZ,thelattertwowouldworkwithexistingprogrammestopilotthem.

ContributionsintheformofproductsandservicesbythespecialisedCentresinDHANCollectiveworkingonhumanresourcedevelopment,developmentcommunication,finance,facilitatingphilanthropy,research,policyandplanninghaveplayedagreaterintegrationroleacrosstheprogrammesforenhancingtheirfieldaction.


DHAN Foundation at a Glance

Particulars March 2010 2011 2012

Cumulative Figures

Reach

No.ofFamilies 810,185 923,865 1,047,924*No.ofPrimaryGroups 33,039 37,071 45,525No.ofClusters 1,648 1,432 1,728No.ofFederations 260 283 303No.ofVillages 9,757 10,755 12,406No.ofDistricts 51 54 66No.ofStates 12 12 12

Staff

No.ofProfessionals 331 354 331No.ofProgrammeStaff 346 393 430No.ofPeopleFunctionaries 2,197 2,118 2,261

Finances (Rs. in million)

a)ProgrammeFunds

People 2,051 2,651 3,117Banks** 2,461 2,715 2,644GovernmentandDonors(fortheyear) 104 445 245

Sub Total 4,616 5,811 6,006

b)ProgrammeManagement(fortheyear)

People 63 67 79Government 17 20 30Donors 236 192 113

Sub Total 316 279 222

Grand Total 4,932 6,091 6,228

*Includes134,000membersreachedthroughresourcesupport

**Volumeofbankcredithandledbythecommunityduringtheyear

Kalanjiam Community Banking Programme

DHANFoundationinitiatedtheKalanjiamCommunityBankingProgramin1990.Overthelasttwodecadestheseeffortsresultedindevelopingan“enablingmodel”ofmicrofinance,emphasizingmemberownership,self-help,andmutuality.Theprimaryaimofthismodelistoempowerwomenandaddresspoverty.Theprogrammefocusesonwomenandbelievesthatlocalisedfinancialinstitutionsownedandcontrolledbywomenareaneffectivewaytoalleviatepovertyandaddressgenderissues.

TheDHANKalanjiamFoundationhasbeenpromotedforscaling-uptheKalanjiamnestedinstitutionsmodel.Theapproachesoftheprogrammeare:

" TheprimaryunitistheKalanjiamself-helpgroupof15to20poorwomen.Itactsasasinglewindowandworksatthedoorstepsofthebeneficiariesforsavingsandcredittransactions.Theclusterandfederationatpanchayatandblocklevelsarethenestedinstitutionsatnexthigherlevels.TheyhelptheKalanjiamsaddressothersocialanddevelopmentneedsofthememberssuchasdrinkingwater,health,education,sanitation,accesstobasicinfrastructure,alcoholism,andgenderissue.

" Promotionofcreativefinancialproductssuchassavings,creditandinsuranceisan



integralpartofthemicrofinanceservicesoftheprogramme.Experiencehasshownthatthe“poorcansave”,andsavingsbythepoorlaysastrongfoundationforasuccessfulmicrofinanceprogramme.Theproductsdevelopedhaveintegratedtheexistingpracticesofthepooranddevelopmentneedsofmembers.Allthethreeservices--savings,credit,andinsurance--providedbytheprogrammehavemadethepoormanagetheirfinanceseffectively.

" Thenestedinstitutionsatthepanchayatandblocklevelshelpcreatelinkageswithbanksandapexfinancialinstitutionstomeetthemultiplecreditneedsofmembers,collaboratewithotherdevelopmentagenciessuchastheGovernmenttogettheirentitlements,implementcivicprogrammesinhealthandeducation,andprovideinsuranceservices.

" Thefederationscreateaconduciveenvironmentforpromotinglivelihoodsofthememberfamiliesthroughbusinessdevelopmentservices,skillbuilding,andmarketlinkages.

" Theprogrammeidentifiesandnurturesthelatentleadershippotentialamongpoorwomenandprovidesagreatopportunityforthemtoemergeasdynamicgrassrootsleaderstomanageandsustaintheirorganisations.

" Theprogrammehasbecomeamovementcalledthe“KalanjiaIyyakam”tobringmorewomenintoKalanjiams.

Overview of the year

KalanjiamCommunityBankingProgrammeisgettingpreparedforitsnextphaseofscaling-upthatfocusesondeepeningmicrofinanceforenhancedlivelihoodsofthepoorandvulnerablecommunities.Theprogramme’sfocusduringtheyearwasmoreondefiningitsmilestonesandmobilisingresourcesneededforthenextphase.Theprogrammehaspreparedgroundsforfurtheringpartnershipwithoneofitssignificantbenefactors,SirRatanTataTrust.AtripartiteprojectinvolvingthegovernmentofMaharashtraandSRTThasbeenformulatedandsubmittedunderConvergenceofAgriculturalInterventions(CAIM).ProposalsforexpandingtheKalanjiam

programmeinnorthIndiantribalregionshavebeensharedwithHivosandOxfamIndia.

DHANispromoting27CommunityManagedResourceCentresincollaborationwithMahilaArthikVikasMahamandal(MAVIM),StateWomen’sDevelopmentCorporationofMaharashtraGovernment,inadditiontoprovidingsupportasaresourceNGO.

Asaresultofmorethanadecadeofintensiveexperimentation,theKalanjiamReproductiveandChildHealthProgrammehasevolvedintoacomprehensivehealthprogramme,whichcanbescaled-upbasedonthecontextandneedofthepeople.Thispackageputsprimacyoncommunityhealthandnutrition.StrategieshavebeenevolvedtoexpandthehealthprogrammeinalltheKalanjiamFederationsinthenextthreeyears.

TheKalanjiamprogrammeworksonbuildingamodelforconvergingmicrofinanceandlivelihoodswithaspecialfocusondairyandagriculture.Duringthisyear,amodelonbusinessbasedpeoples’organisationsfordairylivelihoodshasbeendevelopedandisreadyforscaling-up.Underagriculture,DHANFoundation’sRainfedFarmingprogrammethathasbeenwelltestedandpackagedfordifferentagro-climaticconditionswillbereplicatedbytheKalanjiamFederations.Toengenderempowermentofwomenfarmersinvolvedinagriculture,theKalanjiamprogrammeinitiatedastudytounderstandtheirpresentstatusinrain-fedandtank-fedfarmingconditions.

TowardsgraduatingKalanjiamfederationsintosustainablepeoples’organisations,theProgrammelaunchedamajordrivetosetthesystemsrightatSHGsandfederations.Allthefederationshavecompletedstatutoryauditfortheyear.TheKalanjiamMovementtransformedintoKalanjiamMutualMovement(KMM)asregisteredlegalentity.

Scaling-up of Kalanjiam Programme

TheKalanjiamProgrammehasbeenexpandedto25newlocationsinMaharashtraandnorthKarnataka.Anadditional8,838KalanjiamSHGs


havebeenaddedreachingatotalof674,139poorfamiliesorganisedinto40,618Kalanjiamsin12Indianstates.Itincludes65,000familiescoveredunderresourcesupporttotheorganisationswithtrainingandfieldlevelsupport.AmajorpartofexpansionwasmadepossiblethroughpartnershipwithMAVIMinMaharashtra.Inanotherprogramme--PudhuVazhvu,inpartnershipwiththegovernmentofTamilNadu--DHANhasreachedover95percentoftheidentifiedpoorfamiliesinfourtribalblocksofTamilNadu,namelyKollihills,Kalvarayanhills,Jawadhuhills,andYercaudhills.Inadditiontoreviving871SHGsalreadypromotedbytheGovernment,873SHGshavebeennewlypromotedintheseblocks.

Resource Support to Other Organisations

AsaresourceNGO(RNGO)forMAVIM,DHANhascommittedtoprovideservicesforassessingthetrainingneedsandbuildingthecapacityofstaffofMAVIMatdifferentlevels,supportingindevelopingmonitoringandevaluationsystem,monitoringpeopleinstitutionsandsupportingindevelopingandpreparingtrainingsmoduleondifferentsubjects.

AscommittedtoMAVIM,fivetrainingmoduleshavebeencompletedandtrainingneedassessmentforDistrictCoordinationOfficers(DCOs)andAssistantDistrictCoordinationOfficers(ADCOs)wastakenup.Asafollowupoftheneedassessment,trainingandexposureprogrammesonself-governanceandself-financeofpeopleinstitutionswasorganisedforalltheDCOsandADCOs.RepresentativesfromothertwoRNGOsofMAVIMalsotookpartinthesetraining

programmes.MAVIMhasrequestedtoofferthismoduletootherlevelsoftheirstaffinthenextthreeyears.DHANalsoenabledDCOstoprepareabusinessplanforeachoftheCMRCswiththefocusoncostcoverage.

OrissaTribalLivelihoodandEmpowermentProgramme(OTELP)hasapproachedDHANFoundationforintroducingthefederationconceptamongtheSHGspromotedundertheprogramme.ThestatespecialistsofOTELPattendedatrainingandexposureprogrammeatMaduraitounderstandthestructureandsystemsoffederation.TheteamhasagreedtoreplicateitinOrissa.Basedontheirrequest,DHANhastakenupastatusassessmentstudyinablock.DHANwouldorganiseatrainingprogrammefortheimplementationteamsofOTELP.

Graduating Kalanjiam Federations for Sustainability

GraduatingtheexistingKalanjiamFederationsintosustainablepeoples’organisationsinvolvesachievingfinancialself-relianceandinitiatingprogrammestoaddressthelocaliseddevelopmentissuesofthepoor.Duringtheyear,oneKalanjiamFederationwaspromotedinSedappattilocationinMadurai,andqualitycheck-upprocessinfiveotherlocationswascompletedtopromotethemasfederations.

Communities Contributing to the Cost of Management

Over90federationsmeettheirentireoperationalcostswiththecontributionsfromtheirmembers.Theremainingfederationsareindifferentstagesofreachingthatposition.ThecommunityhasbeenaprimecontributorfortheKalanjiamprogramme,whereinnearly20percentoftheprogrammemanagementfundscomesfromthecommunity.Duringthisyearalone,thecommunitycontributedoverRs.73.3milliontomeetthecostsofoperations.

Withtheexperiencegainedovertheyears,Kalanjiamprogrammehasevolvedprogrammestandardsforthelocationsinruralandtribal


contextsoncriticalparameterssuchasnumberofmembers,groups,savingsmobilised,loanfundsmobilisedfrombanks,profitabilityofSHGs,andcommunitycontributionformeetingthecostofmanagement.

Financial Services

Savings Builds Equity with Ownership Rights

ThefactorswhichthepoorkeepinmindbeforeaccessingsavingsfacilityinSHGsaresecurity,convenience,liquidity,andpositivereturns.Kalanjiammembersexpresstheirconfidenceandtrustontheirgroupswithsteadilyincreasingthequantumofsavings.Totapthesavingspotentialofthemembers,thefederationshavetakencontinuouseffortstomakethemincreasesavings.Duringthisyearalone,thegroupshavemobilisedsavingsofRs.434million,takingthecumulativesavingstoRs.2,421million.

Credit Expands Opportunities and Choices

Kalanjiamsplayavitalroleincreatingandstrengtheningthelivelihoodsofthemembers’familiesbyprovidingtimelycredit.Creditenablespoorhouseholdstostartbusinessactivities,haveadequateworkingcapital,haveaccessandcontroloverproductiveassets,beabletoupgradeexistingassets,makeinvestmentinnewassets,anddiversifyintonewactivities.Provisionofaseparatelineofcreditforconsumptionandemergencycreditneedsinsulatestheirworkingcapitalandbusinesscapitalfrombeingdiverted.AsonMarch2012theloanoutstandingwiththememberswasRs4,175million,whichrosefromRs.3,734millioninthelastyear.Inthelastyearalone,Rs.3,276millionworthofloanswereissuedbytheKalanjiamstotheirmembersforvariousproductionandconsumptionneeds.Loanrepaymentperformancehassignificantlyimprovedinallthefederations,duetorigorousmonitoringandcounsellingatthememberslevel.

Insurance Provides Safety-nets

Insuranceisafinancialproducttoaddressrisksandvulnerabilities.Creditandsavingsservicesareinadequatewhenpoorhouseholdsareexposed

toeventswhichcauselossesbeyondtheirmeans.Credit,savings,andinsuranceformatrioofcomplementarybasicfinancialservices.Thereisaneedforinsurancecoverforlife,health,assets,disability,andcrops.Inpartnershipwithmanypublicandprivateinsuranceproviders,asmanyas517,845lives,includingthewomenmembersandtheirspouses,havebeencoveredunderlifeinsurance.Memberswereeducatedonhealthinsurancethroughstreetplays,films,andcampaignsbythestaffandleaders.Sofar,27,109familymembershavebeenenrolledintheUniversalhealthinsuranceschemeofNationalInsuranceCompanyLtd.

SHG-Bank Linkages

Kalanjiamshaveshownthatbankingwiththepoorisaviablebusinessproposition,andinmanyplaces,thesegroupshavemadetheruralbankbranchesvibrantandviable.MutualtrustbetweenSHGsandbanksisacriticalforasustainablerelationship.DuringtheyeareffortsweretakentoincreasethevolumeofSHG-banklinkages.Over300branchesof36commercialbanksandregionalruralbankshavelinkedKalanjiamGroupsandprovidedcredit.ThelinkageduringtheyearwasRs.1,195millionand7,617groupshavebeenlinkedwithbanks.

Strengthening Governance and Management

OverthelasttwodecadestheKalanjiamProgrammehasestablishedsystemssuchasbook-keeping,accounting,audit,managementinformationsystems,andmonitoringand


computerisationatpeoples’organisations.Thestabilisationofthesesystemshasgreatlyhelpedscale-uptheprogrammeacrossthecountry.

TheKalanjiamProgrammefacilitatedboardappraisalsinthefederations.Thepurposeoftheboardappraisalistoenableandempowertheboardofgovernanceinthefederationstomanagethemeffectively.Thenewlyinductedboardmembersofthefederationwereorientedontheirrolesandresponsibilities,andfunctionsofthefederationstaff.Theboardreviewedtheperformanceofthestaffaspartoftheappraisal.Thiswouldbeanannualfeatureinthefederation,whichwouldbesteeredbytheboarditself.Atthetimerotationofboardmembers,theProgrammewillfacilitatethisprocess.TheProgrammealsofacilitatedappraisalforthepeoplefunctionaries.Keydeliverablesforclusterassociates,clusteraccountantsandcomputeroperatorsweredevelopedbasedonwhichtheappraisalwasconducted.

Impacting Livelihoods

ReducingpovertywithenhancedlivelihoodsistheultimategoaloftheKalanjiamProgramme,whichworkstobringthechangesinthelivesofpoorbypromotingandenhancingviableandsustainablelivelihoodsthroughtheKalanjiamFederations.Sinceinception,theinterventionsKalanjiamProgrammehavemadesignificantimpactsonthelivelihoodsofthememberhouseholds.Specialfocusisgivenonlivelihoodsfinancingandprovidingsafety-netsthroughinsurancecoverforthelivesandlivelihoodactivities.

TheKalanjiamFederationsapproachlivelihoodinterventionsinaphasedmanner.First,existingsourcesoflivelihoodsformembersandopportunitiesaroundsuchactivitiesareidentifiedandclassifiedforintervention.Thepolicyonlivelihoodfinancingisevolvedbasedontheprioritiesofthearea.Second,thefocustoincreaseincomeisgivenbyprovidingskillandtechnology.Third,thepeopleinvolvedinsimilaractivitiesareorganisedtomaximisethereturnthroughcrosslearningandcollectiveinputandoutputmarketing

duetothescaleadvantage.Overtwodecadesofexperienceinthefield,especiallyworkingwithlivelihoods,helpedustoevolvethecomponentsforlivelihoodintermediationwhichare

" Financingforongoingandnewlivelihoodactivitiesofthemembers

" Promotingpeoples’organisationsaroundanactivity

" Vocationalskill-buildingthroughLivelihoodsInitiativewithFunctionalEducation(LIFE)

Financing for Livelihoods

Presently30percentofthetotalloanisprovideddirectlyforlivelihoodinitiatives;theremainingisforhealth,education,anddebtredemptionwhichinturnsupportslivelihoods.Toincreasetheflowofcreditforlivelihoods,theProgrammehasevolvedapolicyguidelineforthematuredandadvancedfederationtoensure75percentoftheirloansissuedforlivelihoods.Duringtheyear,DHANhasenteredintoaMoUwithCorporationBankandCommonWealthSecretariatforajointventuretoprovidecreditforlivelihoodtotheSHGmemberfamiliesatinterestrateslessthanmarketrates.ThisprojectwillbeimplementedinMaduraidistrictonapilotbasisandinitiallytheBankhasagreedtoprovideRs.10millionasloans.

Promoting Activity-Based Peoples’ Organisations

Dairy based livelihoods

TheProgrammefocussedoncreatingabaselineofmemberstocategorisethembasedontheir


povertystatus.AttheProgrammelevel,aworkinggroupwasconstitutedtoguidethefederations.Eachfederationevolvedcontext-basedvariablesandmethodsformemberclassification;memberfamilieswerethenclassifiedasS1(survival),S2(subsistence),andS3(self-employed).Inallthefederations,abaselinehasbeencreatedthroughparticipatoryprocesses.Anactivityprofileofmembershasbeencreated.Asanoutcomeoftheactivityprofilingandcategorisation,andusingtheProgramme’sexperince,theProgrammehasdecidedtofocusontwomajorsectors,dairyandagriculture,toevolveacomprehensivemodelfor“convergenceofdevelopmentfinanceandlivelihoods”.Parallelwithotherexistinglivelihoodactivities,themajorfocuswillbegivenonthesetwosectors.

Basedontheneedandscope,theProgrammehastakeninitiativestoorganisethemembers’familiesinvolvedinlivelihoodssuchasdairy,medicinalplants,terracotta,charcoalmaking,coir,agriculturalmarketing,provisionstores,tamarindmarketingandPappadmakingasprimaryproducergroups(PPGs).Duringthisyear35PPGshavebeenpromotedtoreachatotalof135PPGs.

ActivityPrimary Producer Groups

Turnover in 2011-12

(Rs. in million)

DairyFarming 49 18.0

MedicinalPlants 35 1.2

CharcoalMaking 14 0.7

CoirMaking 31 0.4

Otheractivities 6 0.8

Total 135 21.1

Thecomponentsofdairyinterventionare

" Increasingtheanimalpopulation

" Increasingthemilkyieldandtotalsolidscontent

" Increasingtheskillbaseofthedairyfarmersontheactivity

" Improvingtheanimalhusbandryandfeedmanagementpractices

" Reducingthecostofoperationindairyfarmingthroughimprovedtechnologies

" Increasingmarketmarginforthedairyfarmers

TheProgrammefacilitatedregularreviewmeetingstostrengthenthedairyinitiatives.TheKalanjiamsinDindigulregionhavelentRs.26millionfor1,147memberstohavenewandadditionalmilchanimals.Thefederationsalsosuppliedcattlefeedatalowpricetomembers.Themutuallivestockinsuranceprogrammehasbeeninitiatedinthefederations,wheredairyfarmingispromotedintensively.AbulkmilkchillingunithasbeenestablishedatVadamaduraitohandle15,000litresofmilk.ThechilledmilkistransportedtotheKalanjiamMilkProducersCompanyLimited(KAMPCOL)atCuddalore,whichprocessesandmarketsthepocketedmilkinabrand“Anandam”.ThepurposeofKAMPCOListogiveabetterpricetoourmembersontime.EffortsweretakentostrengthensystemsindairyPPGs.BasicbooksofaccountsandMISwereintroducedinallthePPGs.AccountingforthedairygroupshasbeencomputerizedthroughTALLYsoftwareprogramme.

Agriculture based livelihoods

TheKalanjiamProgrammeisworkingonanagriculturalinterventionpackageinfivetriballocationsofOrissaandMadhyaPradeshinpartnershipwithCollectivesforIntegratedLivelihoodInitiatives(CINI).ThefocusoftheinterventionisforstabilisingKharifpaddyandmaize.Coordinatorsandfieldstaffhavebeenidentified,trained,andplacedforimplementingagriculturalprogrammeinKoraputandBetnotiblocksofOrissa.

InKoraput,cashcropssuchasginger,turmericandmaizewereintroducedtotheareacovering298farmers.Servicessuchastraining,bulkseedsupply,andtechnicaladvicewereprovidedtothefarmers.Over210farmersinvolvedintamarindcultivationwereassistedforprocessingandmarketingtheirproduces.LoansfromKalanjiamswereprovidedtothememberstoundertakethe


activityandtrainingonpreliminaryprocessingandpackagingoftheproducewasgiven.

InBetnoti,198farmersweregiventrainingandloansupporttoundertakemushroomcultivationonacommercialscale.Allthefarmershavestartedtheactivityatthehomesteadlevel.Afarmersclubwasinitiatedwithmembershipof43farmers.StepshavebeentakentolinkthoseclubswithagriculturaldepartmentsandNABARDtogettechnicalsupport.

InBetnotiandKoraput,“Banraj”breedofbackyardpoultrywasintroducedwiththesupportofveterinarydepartment.Asmanyas517farmersweresupportedtogrowthebirdsbyprovidingsubsidizedsupplyofbirdsandloansfromSHGs.

AsituationassessmentstudywastakenupinKottampattyblockofMaduraidistrictinTamilNaduandKoratagereofTumkurdistrictinKarnataka.Anintegratedfarmingsystemmodelwouldbeintroducedinboththeblocks.Thecapacitybuildingandlinkagewiththeagriculturedepartmenthasbeeninitiatedasanentrypointprogramme.Around230farmershavebeentrainedundersystemofriceintensificationinKottampatty.

TheKalanjiamProgrammepilotedaprojectforlinkingtheprimaryvegetableproducersofMagadiblockofBangaloreruraldistrictwiththeBangaloreurbanvegetablemarkets.Resultsofthepilotwereencouragingasitprovedtobehighlybeneficialfortheprimaryvegetableproducers.Theygotbackwardandforwardlinkagesupportthroughthepilotandasaresulttheywereabletoincreasetheirproductivityandalsorealisehighermarketmargins.Aproducercompanyhasbeenpromotedtocoordinatemarketingactivities.

Livelihoods Initiative with Functional Education (LIFE)

Appropriateknowledgeandskillareessentialforpeopletosuccessfullyrespondtotheopportunitiesandchallengesofsocial,economic,andtechnologicalchanges.Providingrequiredskillstoenhancetheemployabilityoftheyouthsandbuildtheircapacitiestomeettheneedsofthecurrentjobmarketisrequired.Withvibrant

collaborationbetweengrassrootsorganizationsinvolvedinskillbuildingandindustriesthatareinneedofmanpowerwecanchannelizethehumanresourceforabetterfuture.LivelihoodInitiativewithFunctionalEducation(LIFE),promotedbytheKalanjiamProgramme,aimsatimpartinglivelihoodorientedskillstopoorwomenandmenthroughvocationaleducation.Theexpectedoutcomeistomakethememployableandcapableofbecomingentrepreneurs,andtherebyenablingthemtocomeoutofpoverty.

LIFEcentershavebeenpromotedinMadurai,Tanjore,Pallathur,Nilakottai,Kalugumalai,andMaraimalaiNagarlocationsinTamilNaduandMysoreinKarnataka.Thesecentresofferjoborientedcoursesincomputereducation,tailoring,handembroidery,artificialjewellerymaking,herbalcultivation,simplechemicalpreparation,basicandadvancedbeautyculture,twowheelermechanism,andsmallmilletsfoodproducts.Allthesecentreshavegivenskillbuildingto793students,outofwhich715arefemalecandidates.AsystemwasintroducedtotrackthestatusofemploymentofthecandidateswhoweretrainedintheLIFEcentres.Adatabaseofthetraineeswascreatedanditwasregularlyupdatedincontactwiththeformerstudentsofthecentres.Outof793studentswhoweretrainedinthecentresduringthereportingperiod,60percentwereabletogenerateincomeeitherthroughself-employmentorthroughplacementinotheragencies.

Civic Initiatives by the Kalanjiam Federations

Health Interventions

Basedonthefeltneedofthepeopleandtheirfamilies,theKalanjiamProgrammehasadvanced


theKalanjiamReproductiveandChildHealthinitiative.Ithasevolvedapackageofhealthprogrammescoveringcurativehealthcare,malariacontrol,HIV/AIDScontrol,sanitation,andsafedrinkingwater.EachfederationchoosesaprogrammerelevanttotheircontextandadaptsthemodeldesignedbytheKalanjiamProgramme.Inthecomingyears,theProgrammewouldworkonnutritionasacoreareaofhealthinterventionwithcommunityparticipationandmainstreamlinkage.Amongthenutritionalissues,irondeficiencyanaemia,willbeattendedbyallthefederations.

Anaemia Reduction Programme

TheKalanjiamProgrammehasplannedtoinitiatetheanaemiareductionprogrammein70locations,ofwhich25locationshavealreadystartedtheprogramme.Themainobjectiveoftheprogrammeistoreduceprevalenceofanaemiabytwentypercentasagainstthebaselinebyadoptingbehaviourchangecommunicationstrategies.Thetargetgroupsfortheanaemiaprojectareadolescentgirls

intheagegroupof10to19yearsandpregnantwomen.Baselinedatahasbeencollectedinallthefederations.Nearly7,851adolescentgirlshavebeenidentifiedandorganisedinto392groups.Nearly449pregnantwomenareidentifiedforindividualcounseling.

Thebaselinesurveyfortheassessmentofknowledge,attitude,andpractice(KAP)wasconductedfor50adolescentgirlsand25pregnantwomenineachfederationalongwiththehaemoglobintesttoassesstheiranaemicstatuswhichwasfoundtobe85.7percentamongtheadolescentgirlsand93.2percentamongthepregnantwomen.Thehealthassociatesinitiatedanaemiaeducationwiththeeducationalmaterialslikeflipcharts,handbillsandhandbooksingroupmeetingsandindividualcounseling.Aconceptofself-healthgovernancehasbeenintroducedinKalanjiams,village,cluster,andfederationlevelstoimplementthehealthinitiatives.Sofar2,614healthforumshavebeenpromotedcovering40,993membersinallthefederations.About114clusterlevelself-healthgovernanceforumscovering1,026executivemembersandfederationlevelforumshavebeenpromotedinallthefederations.

Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Programme (WASH)

SafedrinkingwaterandsanitationarethetwodifferentcomponentsintheWASHprojectwhichisimplementedin19locations.AwarenesscreatedamongtheKalanjiammembersthroughhealtheducationforconsumingboiledwater,filteringwaterwitheightfoldedclothandfetchingwaterincleanvesselswhichareconsideredtobebasicandeasilyadoptablepractices.Morethan80percentofthemembershavefollowedthispractice.Baselinedetailsabouttheavailabilityoftoiletfacilitiesinmembers’housewerecollected.SubsequentlythedatabaseonthememberswillingnesstoconstructatoiletathomewascollectedandsubmittedtoDRDAsconcernedformobilisingresourcesunderthetotalsanitationprogramme.Communicationmaterialslikeflashcardsandflipchartswereusedforhealtheducationamongthemembersinallthefederations.


Educational Intervention

WhileenrolmentforprimaryeducationisincreasinginIndia,attendanceratesareverypoor,particularlyduringagriculturalseasons.InlocationssuchasKoraput(Orissa),Latehar(Jharkhand),andRatlam(MadhyaPradesh),primaryschoolgoingchildrenareinvolvedinagriculturalandforestryactivities.Duringtheagriculturalseason,theattendancewouldbelessthan25percent.InordertoaddresstheseissuestheKalanjiamProgrammeinitiatedremedialeducationcentresinBorigumma,B.Singpur,Betnoti,andLatehar.LateritwasexpandedtoMoroda,Sailana,Bajna,andPiploda.Sofar85remedialeducationcentreshavebeenpromotedin10locationscovering1,963pupils.Pupilsofstandard1to5areenrolledintheremedialeducationcentres.Trainingprogrammeonactivitybasedlearning(ABL)wasgiventotutorsofBorigumma,B.Singpur,Koraput,Similiguda,andBetnotilocationswithsupportofSodhana,aNGObasedatVijayawada.Textbooksissuedbythe

respectivestategovernmentsareusedforteaching.Thereisagrowingdemandforsettingupsuchcentresinotherplacesaswell.

Systems to Strengthen Implementation

Systemsforverifyingtheaccountsofpeoples’organisationsfromtheSHGstofederationlevelshavebeenestablishedwithmonthly,quarterly,half-yearly,andyearlymeasurementinvervals.TostandardiseandintensifytheauditprocesstheProgramintroducedtheinternalverificationsystemwithchecksatmultiplelevels.Awarenesscreatedtothefieldstaffontheimportanceofmaintainingqualityaccountsandpolicycompliancehaspaidgoodresults.Anintegratedsoftwarepackage,“DhanamVersion3”,wasrolledout;thenewversionensuresthequalityofdataandaudit.Basedontheexperienceandfeedback,onlinedataentrywastestedinafewlocations.AftersuccessfulexperiencefromtheselocationsnowtheProgrammehasplannedtoextendittootherlocations.

2010 2011 2012

Reach No.ofFamilies 485,867 619,439 674,139*No.ofPrimaryGroups 28,488 31,780 40,618ClusterDevelopmentAssociations 1,436 1,193 1,451No.ofBlocks 173 184 209No.ofFederations 108 122 122No.ofVillages 7,489 8,074 9,336No.ofDistricts 45 46 48No.ofStatesandUnionTerritories 12 12 12

Finance (Rs. in million) Totalownfunds 1,928 2,554 2,819Totalsavings 1,659 1,987 2,421Reservesandsurplus 268 567 398

SHG-Bank Linkage No.ofbranchesinvolved 320 320 322No.ofbanksinvolved 31 34 36No.ofloansmobilised 78,706 87,355 94,972Amountmobilised 1,294 1,100 1,195Loan outstanding with members 3,300 3,734 4,175

Total credit generated 10,782 13,580 16,856

*Includes 65,000 poor families covered through resource support

Status of Kalanjiam Community Banking Programme

Vayalagam Tank-fed Agriculture Development Programme

TherearenumeroussmallirrigationtankstructuresspreadovertheentireDeccanPlateau,whichservemillionsofsmallandmarginalfamiliesinSouthIndia.Thetankshavedeterioratedbecauseofneglectandneedurgentrenovationandgoodmanagement.TheVayalagamTankfedAgricultureDevelopmentProgrammewasinitiatedintheyear1992toworkonthesewaterbodieswiththeparticipationoffarmers.Theprogrammebelievesthatlocalmanagementofthetanksystemcanbetheonlysolutiontotheprobleminthelongrun.TheDHANVayalagam(Tank)Foundationhasbeenpromotedforthefollowingcorepurposes:

" Povertyreductionofsmallandmarginalfarmers,thelandless,andwomenthroughconservationanddevelopmentofsmallscalewaterresources.

" Buildingandsustainingnestedinstitutionstoensurelocalmanagement.

" Makinglivelihoodssustainableforfarmersthroughstabilisingtank-fedagriculture.

Theprogrammehasmovedfromworkingonisolatedtanks,tocascade-watershed,smallscalewaterbodies,basinandnow“water”asauniquetoolforalleviatingpoverty.Thekeycomponentsoftheprogrammeare:



" Organisingfarmersaroundthetanksandlateronatthelevelofcascades,blocks,districtetc.

" Rehabilitatingwaterharvestingstructureswithfarmers’contributionandparticipationtoimprovetheacquisitionofwater,restorethesystemefficiencyandincreasewateruseefficiency.

" Tank-basedwatersheddevelopmentisadistinctvalueadditionoftheprogramme.Tankrehabilitationasacomponentofwatersheddevelopmentpavesthewayforharvestingalltherainwaterwithineachwatershedboundary.

" Promotingmicrofinancegroupstoprovideaccesstosavings,credit,andinsuranceservicestofarmers.Thesegroupsbringfarmerstogetherregularlytodiscusstheconservationoftanksandsustainingtank-fedagriculture.

" TheVayalagamAgricultureDevelopmentCentresareworkingtoraiselandproductivitytoimprovethelivelihoodofcommandareafarmersbycreatingawarenessaboutnewfarmingandirrigationmanagementtechniquesthroughfarmschools,promotingseedfarmstoproducequalityseeds,andfacilitatingbulkpurchaseoffarminputstogetthebenefitsofeconomiesofscale.

" Collaboratingwithnationalandinternationalacademicandresearchinstitutionstodoresearchontanksystemsandtank-fedagriculture.

" Theprogrammeconstantlyinteractswiththelocal,StateandCentralGovernmentstofundtankdevelopmentworkandtoframebetterpoliciesfortanksystemadministration.

Building Social Capital for Water and Food Security

Vayalagamisagrassrootscommunityorganisationpromotedatthevillageorhamletlevelforsafeguardingtraditionalsmallwatercommonsthatsustainthelivelihoodsofsmallandmarginalfarmerswhodependonthem.Vayalagamsarepromotedasaresultofintensivecampaignstakenupwiththeinvolvementoffarmersbenefitted

byrehabilitatedtanks.Duringthisyear,307Vayalagamswerepromotedbyorganising19,551smallandmarginalfarmfamilies,reachingatotalof298,585families.Thirty-twoCascadeDevelopmentAssociationswerepromotedbynetworkingVayalagamspromotedaroundhydrologically-linkedtanks.Thirty-seventankfarmers’federationsarefunctioningwiththeadditionofsixfederationspromotedduringtheyear.

TheVayalagamTankConservationMovementlaunchedonMarch7,2002byShri.AnnaHazareinMaduraigotashapeofaninstitution,andithasbeenregisteredasaVayalagamMutualMovement.TheMovementhasconvenedits10thannualGeneralBodyprecededwithExecutiveCommitteemeetinginMaduraiandcameoutwithelevendeclarationstoshapethefutureoftraditionalwatercommons.

Conservation and Development for Securing Water-Based Livelihoods

Vayalagam Approach

Basin Development:Riverbasinsandintegratedwaterresourcesmanagementareseenasthedevelopmentinterventionunitforbringingwatersecurityandenhancingagriculturalproductivity.DHAN’sVayalagamProgrammehasidentifieddroughtintensive,povertyhitnonperennialriverbasinsnamelyGundarbasininTamilNaduandKoundinyaminorbasininAndhraPradesh.Astheyfallinquitelargeareas,DHANlookstoworkintensivelyinriverbasinsandpromotestakeholdersforumalongwithpeopleinstitutionsforwatergovernance.

Tank Cascade/Tank-based Watershed Development: Thepastdecade’sexperienceonconservationofsmallscalewaterresourcesdemonstratedconservationanddevelopmentprovidesstabilityandeffectivewaterdemandmanagement.ThisapproachatthemicrowatershedlevelhasreceivedsupportfrommainstreamagenciesandnationalschemessuchasNationalWatershedDevelopmentProgrammefor


RainfedAreas,DroughtProneAreaProgramme,andschemesofNABARDsuchasIGWDPandWDF.CorporatesocialresponsibilityinitiativesofITC,AXISBank,andHULalsosupportedthisapproach.

Conservationanddevelopmentoftraditionalirrigationresourcesleadstosustainablelivelihoods.Rehabilitationsecureswaterforstabilisedfarmincome,additionalincomethroughfisheries,andincreasedareaundercultivation.Continuousfundingisrequiredtoachievethisconservationanddevelopmentdrive,whichismatchedwithcommunityinvestments.TheVayalagamprogrammewassuccessfulinraisingresourcesfromthestateandcentralgovernmentagenciesunderwatersheddevelopmentprogrammes,corporateinstitutionsundercorporatesocialresponsibilityinitiatives,andindividuals.Withadequateprogrammefundsonhand,conservationanddevelopmentwasthepriorityoftheProgrammeduringthisyear.

Features of Vayalagam Model

Enabling People Rather than Delivering Services

TheProgrammeenablesthelocalcommunitytoactivelyparticipateintherehabilitationprocessrightfromtheplanningstage.ThisisachievedbypromotingPeople’sInstitutions,buildingtheircapacity,makingthemtosharethecostofrehabilitation,simplifyingandscalingdownthetechnology.

Protecting the Tank Water Spread Area from Siltation and Encroachment

Siltationandencroachmentinthetankwaterspreadareaarefoundtobethemajorphysicalcausesforthepoorperformanceofthetanksystems.DHAN’stankrehabilitationstrategyencompassesthefollowingspecialcomponents.

" Evictionofencroachmentprecedestankrehabilitation.

" Treeswillbeplantedinthearealyingbetweenthelinesoffulltanklevel(FTL)andthemaximumwaterlevel(MWL)inthe

tankforeshore.Theusufructsofthetreeswillbeasourceofadditionalincomeforthecommunity.Thetreesalongwiththegrowthofnaturalvegetationaroundthemwillactasavegetativebarrierincurtailingtheentryofsiltfromthecatchmentareaintothetank.

" Atrenchwillbeexcavatedalongthetankboundary,formingabundonthedownstreamsidewiththeexcavatedearth.Thiswouldprotectthetankboundarylinesothatanyfurtherencroachmentiseasilyvisibletoenabletheevictionattheinitialstageitself.Further,thiswouldalsofacilitatetheconservationofmoistureusefulforthegrowthoftreesplantedbelow.

Eliminating Wastage of Water through Leaky Sluices

Inmostofthetanks,wastageofwaterthroughleakysluicesgoesunnoticed.Evenanapparentlynegligibleleakagethroughonesluiceduringitsclosureperiodinacropseasoncauseswastageofwaterthatissufficientforoneortwoirrigationsinitscommandarea.Thepaddleshuttersarenotleakproof.ThereforeDHANhasrevivedtheancestor’stechnologyofplugandrodtypeofsluiceregulationforaleak-proofoperationofthesluiceaswellasforfineregulationofflow.Theseplugandrodshutterscostlessthan20percentofscrewgearpaddleshutters.

Dead Storage

Intheconventionaltankrehabilitationworks,de-siltingoftankbedisdoneonlyuptothesilllevelofsluiceoutlet.Consideringthatthevillagetankisamultipurposeinfrastructure,DHANadvocatescreatingadeadstorageinapartoftankbed,sothatthewaterstoredinthisareawouldbeavailablebothforalifesayingirrigationwhenneeded,andforusebythevillagelivestock.Inlandfishingtakenupinsuchareaswouldprovideadditionalincometothevillagers.

Execution of Work by the Community

Therehabilitationworksexecutedbythelocalcommunity(waterusers’associations)withoutengagingoutsidecontractorswouldensure


effectiveuseofresourcesandqualityofwork.Itwouldbringthefeelingofownershipbythecommunityandbuildtheirconfidenceforfuturemaintenanceandmanagementofthetanksystem.

TheProgrammetouchedamilestoneoftakingupRs.101millionworthofconservationworksduringtheyeartomakethewaterbodiesefficientandeffectivetostoreenoughwaterduringthemonsoonwhichinturnhelpedthedependentfarmingcommunitytostabilisetheirlivelihood.Theconservationanddevelopmentworkscommencewithplanningbytheusers,makingestimates,mobilisinginvestmentfromthecommunity,issuingformalapprovalsandsanctions,extendingtechno-managerialassistancetotheVayalagams,andexecutingtheworkwithoutinvolvingcontractors.

Financial Inclusion for Agriculture Development

Communityempoweredself-helpmodelofmicrofinanceisprovenbeyonddoubttobringpeopleoutofpovertyinasystematicmannerunlikemicrofinanceinstitutionspromotedinamushroomingway.Vayalagamspromotemicrofinancegroupswith10to20farmersandlandlesslabourers,whichprovideservicessuchassavings,credit,andinsurancetocatertotheirneeds.Duringthereportingperiod,374microfinancegroups(MFGs)havebeennewlypromoted,alltheMFGshavecollectivelymobilisedsavingsofRs.40.4millionduringthereportingperiodandmobilisedRs.54.9millioninloansfrom

banks.GettinglinkageswithcommercialbanksinthestateslikeOrissaandBiharwasanuphilltask.Though,theissueshavebeentakenupatdistrictadministrationandNABARD,therewasnoresponsefromthebankstolendtothepoor.CumulativelythefarmershaveanoutstandingofloansofRs.180.3million.

Natural Resource Management with Loan Support

TheNABARDsponsoredUmbrellaProgrammeforNaturalResourceManagementwasexperimentedfor11non-conventionalloanproductsin10blocklevelfederationsinTamilNaduandAndhraPradesh.TheprogrammehasfacilitatedthedisbursementofloansworthofRs.20millionfromtheKalanjiamDevelopmentFinancialServicesto1,561familiesforvariousfarmrelatedactivities.Activitiessupportedunderthisprojectweretanksiltapplication,landdevelopmentintankcatchmentandcommandarea,orcharddevelopment,deepeningcommunitywells,seedproductionandmarketing,herbalplantcultivation,fishrearingintanksandponds,creationoffarmpondsanddrinkingwaterponds,andcommunitynursery.AconventionwiththefarmerswasorganisedtosynthesisethelessonsfromtheprojectaspartofMaduraiSymposium2011.

Farmers Clubs

FarmersClubssupportedbyNABARDisaplatformwhichbuildsrelationshipbetweenfinancialinstitutionsandthemembersinvillagestosteerfinancialinclusionandprovidevariousproductivityenhancementserviceslikeagriculturalextensionbyinvitingexpertsonthesubjectmatter,exposurevisits,technologydemonstration,andagriculturalcommoditypricesthroughmobilephones.

TheVayalagamsProgrammehasgotNABARD’sapprovalfor140FarmersClubsinMaduraiandSivagangaidistrictsinTamilNadu.IncludingChittoor,Nalgonda,WarangalandYadagirdistrictsinAndhraPradesh,thereare256farmersclubsconveningregularactivities.Eachclub


receivesanannualoperationalgrantofRs.3000toRs.5000.Expertsfromagriculture,horticulture,veterinaryandforestrydepartmentsinadditiontoagriculturalscientistsofKVKandagriculturalresearchstationswereinvitedtoprovideneedbasedtrainingsandmethoddemonstration.Themembersreceivedtrainingsonorganicfarming,systemofriceintensification,andhoneybeerearing,andassistanceforcollectivemarketingofmaize,seedtreatment,andlivestockdevelopment.

Resource Support to Other Organisations

TheVayalagamProgrammeenteredintoaMemorandumofUnderstandingwithNABARD,AndhraPradeshtoactasaresourcesupportorganisation(RSO)forNalgonda,Nizamabad,andKarimnagardistrictsin2009.AspartofRSOactivitiesinthreedistricts,professionalteamfromDHANvisitedtheprojectssupportedbyNABARDformonitoringandtrainingtotheprojectfacilitatingagencies(PFAs).TheVayalagamProgrammesupports22PFAsimplementing70watershedscovering27mandalsinthesethreedistricts.Atotalof335visitsweremadebytheteamstoprovidefieldlevelsupportatvariousstagesofimplementation.TrainingswereprovidedtothePFAstaffmembers,villagewatersheddevelopmentcommitteemembersandwatershedlevelsupervisorsduringtheyear.Allthese22PFAshaveimplementedwatersheddevelopmentworksworthofRs.105millioncumulatively.

Access to Safe Drinking Water at Households

Globally,lackofaccesstosafewaterandsanitationclaims4,000children’sliveseveryday,ruinsthelivesofgirlsandwomen,stifleseconomicgrowth,andlowersthestandardoflife.Lackofadequatequantumandsafequalitywaterandpropersanitationtomorethan40percentofglobalpopulationisaseriousconcern.Shockingly,thiscrisisiscompletelypreventablebyteachingthepooraboutmethodstoaccesssafedrinkingwater.TheVayalagamProgrammehasbeenpromotingsimple,affordablehouseholdwatertreatmentusingbiosandfilterssince2004.

Duringthisyear,sixtrainingprogrammeswereconductedatMadurai,Tirupudaimarudhur,Tuticorin,Thanjavur,andChittoorregions.Over279membersincluding178womenweretrainedonsafedrinkingwater,principlesandprocessoffiltrationinbiosandfilter,fabricationandinstallation,andpostinstallationmaintenanceofbiosandfilters.TheProgrammecouldraisedemandforabout514filtersandinstalled463filters.

AsapartofcelebratingWorldWaterMonitoringDay,theVayalagamProgrammereceivedtestkitstotestwaterin50sourcesfromNeerFoundation,aMeerutbasednon-governmentorganization.TestsforPH(acidity),turbidity(clarity),dissolvedoxygen(DO),andtemperaturewereconductedindrinkingwaterponds,handpumps,andborewellwatersuppliedthroughpublictapsin46watersourcesfrom30villagesinsixblocksintwodistrictsofTamilNadu.Mostofthesesourcesareusedfordomesticpurposesandfewofthemforbathingandwashingclothes.Withtheresultsofthetests,thelocalcommunitieswereinformedaboutpresentstatusoftheirwatersourceandneedforprotectingthem.

Urban Water Resources and Wastewater Reuse

TheCentreforUrbanWaterResources(CURE)inVayalagamProgrammefocusesonurbanwaterresourcesprotection,wastewaterreusethroughDEWATS,andensuringwaterqualityinurbanhouseholds.Duringthisyear,thecentrehascompletedandinauguratedaCommunityBasedSanitationandDEWATSunitatPanaiyurvillage,nearMaduraiatacostofRs.14.80lakhsbenefiting300families.AnotherunitisfunctioningatTata-DhanAcademyasademonstrationunit.ThefunctionalperformanceofwastewaterrecycledinDEWATSwasassessedbyawaterqualitytestlaboratoryinAuroville.Thequalityofwateriswellwithinthequalitynormsprescribedforrecycling.TheexplorationsweremadetointegrateDEWATSaspartoflocalplanningwithvillagecommunityinRajakkalpatti,MaduraiVillageTourismCommitteemembersofTirupudaimaruthur,KazhugumalaiandTheerthaMalai.


TheCentrehasbroughtoutpamphletsonDEWATSanditsoperationsaswellasuseinTamilandTelugu.Aone-daytechnicalsessiononDEWATSforgatedcommunitiesandtownshipswasorganisedatMaduraialongwithCDDforBuilders’AssociationofIndia,MaduraiCentre.Aworkshopon“CaseStudiesonWaterandWasteWaterforLivelihoods”wasorganisedaspartofMaduraiSymposium2011.

Inland Fishery as Alternative Livelihood

TheVayalagamProgrammeisstrivingforcommunityinlandfisheriesdevelopmentinsmallscalewaterbodiessuchastanksandponds.Intheseminorirrigationtanks,fisheryisfacilitatedbyprovidingdeadstoragetoextendtheperiodofwaterstorage.Deadstorageisthestoredwaterbelowthesilllevelofthesluicewhichcannotbetakenbygravitationalforceforirrigation.Thiswillhelptostorewaterforanextendedperiodoftwomonthsforsuccessfulfishrearing.

Salient features of inland fishery in tanks and ponds:

" Makingfulluseofavailablewaterinruralcommonwaterresourcesbytakingupfishrearing.

" Providingadditionallivelihoodforsmallandmarginalfarmersandlandlessagriculturallabourers.

" ProvidingadditionalincometotheVayalagamstosustainthemaintenanceofruralwatereco-systems.

" Providingproteinrichfoodattheirreachtoofferadditionalnutritiontoruralcommunity.

" Generatingemploymentforinlandfishermenandlandlessagriculturallabourers.

" Poly-culturetechniqueisadoptedinrainfedtanksbystockingfishseedsofcarpsandMurrel.Thecarp’svarietyspeciesareCatla,Rohu,Mrigal,Commoncarp,Silvercarp,andGrasscarp.TheseedsofMurrelarewildseedswhicharenaturallycollected.Apartfromthese,wehavestockedPangasiusandIridescentorstrippedsharkspecies.Compositefishculturetechniqueisadoptedinvillagepondsandfarmponds.Thetotalstockedwaterspreadareais2000acres.

" Averagestockingnumbers/acre:2000

" Totalnumberoffingerlingsstocked:4million

" Survival:30percent

" Averagegrowth:500gms

" Biomass:600tons

" Grossincome:Rs24million

" Expenditure:Rs8.4million

" Netreturn:Rs15.6million

Nearly2600Vayalagammemberstookupfishrearingin289farmpondsand1547otherwaterstoragestructuresorwaterharvestingstructureslikecheckdams,openwells,andhouseholdponds.Theresultsoffarmpondsmostlydependontheinvolvementofindividualsinfishrearing.Thefactorscontributingtothesuccessarewateravailability,waterquality,survivalrate,andsufficientdepth.Themajorfactorsforthepoorharvestareoverstocking,lackoffeeding,poaching,andfloodwash.TheaverageincomesfromfarmpondsarevariedfromRs.250toRs.3200.

Social Security through Rainfall Index Based Crop Insurance

Basedontheexperiencegainedonrainfallindexbasedcropinsuranceduringlastyear,PeopleMutualsinitiatedthemutualcropinsurancepilotprojectintenlocationsnamelyMudukulathur,Singampuneri,Kottampatti,Theni,Sedapatti,T.Kallupatti,Tirukalukundram,Poondi,Tiruvalangadu,andPunganurfederations.Duringthisyear,productsweredevelopedfordifferentcropsindifferentstagesandrigorouslyfollowedtheenrolment.Theproductwasdesignedby


farmersatlocationlevelandimplementedonthebasisofmutuality,managedbythefederationswiththesupportofPeopleMutuals,aninstitutionpromotedbythefederationstofocusonsocialsecurity.Theriskswerecoveredinthreeways,suchasdeficitrainfall,dryspell,andexcessrainfall.Inthesetenblocks7150farmersinsuredtheircropscoveringriskof2772acresworthRs.11millionandtheclaimsworthofRs.1.5millionweremadeto2000farmers.

Positioning the Vayalagam Model " TheVayalagamProgrammeusedMaduraiSymposium2011,abiennialknowledgemanagementeventinMaduraitoorganisetwopeopleconventionsandfiveseminars(oneseminarwasco-hostedwithIWMI-TataWaterPolicyProgramme).

" TheurbanwaterinitiativeonsanitationandwastewaterreusewaspresentedatapostersessionorganisedintheStockholmWorldWaterWeek.

" ThestudydoneonITCorridorinChennaionenumerationofsmallwaterbodies

waspresentedattheInternationalWaterAssociationWorldSeminarinSouthKorea.

" RepresentativesfromtheVayalagamProgrammewerepartofCentralPlanningCommission’sworkinggrouponMediumandMinorIrrigationandWaterGovernancefor12thFiveYearPlan.

" DHANFoundationhasbeenaccordedsanctionstobeaNSOundertheAPCTMPforfourMandalsinChittoordistrictfortwoyears.

" TheVayalagamProgrammerepresentedatthemulti-stakeholderconsultationworkshopforUNIndiaWaterDevelopmentReportinHyderabad.

" TheProgrammealsorepresentstheAdvisoryCommitteeofNationalWaterAcademy,aneducationandtraininginitiativeofCentralWaterCommission,GovernmentofIndia.

" ApresentationwasmadeonDHAN’sTank-basedWatershedApproachinLivelihoodsImprovementattheConsultationMeetingorganisedbytheMinistryofRuralDevelopmentonConvergenceofMGNREGSandIWMP.

Particulars 2010 2011 2012

Spread of the programme a)No.ofStates 6 6 6

b)No.ofDistricts 22 22 25

c)No.ofVayalagams 2,442 2,673 2,980

d)No.ofCascadeandWatershedAssociations 161 155 187

e)No.ofFederations 31 31 37

f)No.ofMembers 182,801 212,879 298,585*

g)Commandareabenefited(inha.) 63,101 60,800 75,000

Physical works implemented during the year (Rs. in million) a)ThroughFarmersContribution 12 13 21

b)ThroughGovt.andotheragencies 36 38 80

c)AgricultureCreditsupportthroughMFGs 41 114 291

*Includes 65,000 farm families covered through resource support

Status of Vayalagam Agriculture Development Programme

Coastal Conservation and Livelihoods Programme

DHANFoundationrespondedimmediatelyafterthetsunamiin2004andtookupreliefwork.Theimmediatereliefneedswereaddressedafteraskingthelocalcommunitytoidentifywhattheyneeded.Afterthereliefphase,DHANtookuptheroleofenablingtherestorationoflivelihoodactivitiesintheaffectedregions.Thishasnowbecomeafull-fledgedandareabasedprogramme.Theprogrammefollowsanintegratedandholisticapproachtoaddresstheissuesinlivelihoodsandconservationofcoastalecosystem.Withoutupsettingthesocialfabricandculturalidentities,thefollowingprogrammecomponentshavebeendesigned.

" Promotingpeoples’organisationsamongthemostvulnerablecommunities:marginalizedfishingcommunities,affectedcoastalfarmers,affectedwomenandfamiliesinvolvedinalliedactivities.Theygetaccesstosavings,credit,andinsuranceservicesinadditiontosupportfortheirlivelihoodactivities.

" Conservingnaturalresourcessuchascoastaleco-system,marinebio-system,waterbodies,andcoastalfarmstoreducepovertyandvulnerabilityandtomakefisheriesandcoastalagriculturesustainable.

" Buildingbusiness-basedpeople’sorganisationsandtheirnetworksto



strengthentheirexistinglivelihoodsandencouragethemtotakeupalternativelivelihoods.

" Establishingdisastermitigationstrategiesthroughdisastermanagementcommittees,earlywarningsystemsthroughnetworkedVICs,andcreatingcorpusfundsatthePeople’sOrganisationsforfacingfuturedisasters.

" WorkinginpartnershipwiththePanchayatanddistrictlevelmainstreamagenciestocoordinateeffectivelyunderanyemergencysituations.

Organising the Coastal Communities

ExpansionofprogrammeandsupportingthefederationsforreachingsustainabilitywerethetwomajorareasoffocusduringthisyearforCALLProgramme.Theprogrammehasbeenexpandedto87villages;12,780poorfamilieshavebeenorganisedinto824SHGsofcoastalfarmers,womenandfisherfolk.

Thefederationsfocusedonfulfillingthecompliancessuchasauditing,annualgeneralbodymeetingandmahasabhas.Theprogrammeteamensuredinternalauditingandreportsweresharedwiththeexternalauditors.Aone-dayworkshopwasorganisedatMaduraitodiscussabouttheoutcomeoftheinternalaudit,whichhashelpedreviewtheoutcomesoftheinternalaudit.Statuaryauditingwasdoneforalltheprimaryandsecondaryinstitutionswithchartedaccountants.Theauditreportsweresharedwiththerespectivegroupsandfederationsintheirannualgeneralbodymeetings.

Facilitating Financial Services

TheprogrammehasmadecontinuouseffortstomotivatetheSHGstomobilisefinancialresourcestomeettheirgrowingcreditneeds,primarilyassavingsbythememberfamilies,andsecondlythroughlinkingwithlocalcommercialbanks.Intensivetrainingswereorganisedtothestaffandleaders,memberlevelorientationandregularcontactswithbankers.Allthenewgroupmembers

havestartedsavingRs.100permonthandexistinggroupshaveincreasedratesofsavings.AllthemembershavesavedRs.15.6millionintheirSHGsduringtheyearandcumulatively,theyhavesavedRs.313.3million

Despitetheeffortstomobiliseresourcesfrombankasloans,theoveralltrendwasnotsoimpressiveinthecoastalarea.SteeringcommitteemeetingsorganisedwiththebankerstosortoutissuescouldbringonlyalittleimprovementinbreakinginertiainSHGbanklinkage.Asaresultofcontinuousefforts,351groupshavebeenlinkedwithbanksandmobilisedloanstothetuneofRs.73.6million.Whereverthebankersdidnotcomeforward,theSHGsapproachedtheKDFSforbridgeloan.Duringtheyearover170groupsavailedRs.9.8millionworthofloansfromtheKDFS.

TheProgrammehasevolvedapolicyofatleast40percentofloansdistributedshouldbetowardslivelihoodsactivity.Rs.372Millionworthofloanshavebeendisbursed,ofwhichRs.24Millionworthofloanshavebeendisbursedforagriculturerelatedactivities.

Efforts to Sustain Locations

Thereare43federationspromotedin33coastallocations.Inordertomakethesefederationsself-dependentinmeetingtheiroperationalcosts,theProgrammecampaignedintensivelytointroducetheconceptofservicechargesintheSHGs,takingtheexperiencesfromnearbyKalanjiamFederations.Stillithasbeenachallengefortheprogrammetobringthecoastalcommunitiesoutofaid-dependency.Howevertheeffortsmadebythefieldteamstomotivatethepeopletowardstheconceptofself-managementpaidsomeresults.TheSHGsprovidedRs.7.7millionasservicecharge,meetingover32percentoftheannualoperationalcost.Itisexpectedtogrowinthecomingyear.

Conservation and Development Works

CALLprogrammeisimplementingathree-yearproject“IncreasedWaterHarvestingandDiminishedDesertification”infivecoastaldistrictswiththefundingsupportofEuropean


Union.DuringthisfinalyearoftheProject,CALLprogrammehasfastenedtheimplementationofconservationprogrammeswithperiodicalreviewmeetings.Despitethehugevolumeofworks,thefieldteamsadheredtonocompromiseinmakingthecommunitiessharetheirinvestmenttomatchthesupportfromtheProject.

Apartfromguidance,programmeteammembersvisitedthefieldtoassessthestatus,qualityandimpactofrenovationworks.Thefinancialprogressandcontractswithearthmoverswasalsomonitoredbytheprogrammeteam.Duringthisyear23tanksand16villagepondswererenovatedbenefiting1703families.Sixteenvillagepondsrehabilitatedthisyearwouldbenefit3433familiestomeettheirdrinkinganddomesticwaterneed.TheProgrammealsosupported326smallandmarginalcoastalfarmerstocreate449farmpondsintheirfields,whichwouldsecureirrigationtoover400acres.Thefarmerssupportedtoestablishfarmpondshavestartedraisinghorticulturecropsalongwithagriculture.

Enhancing Livelihoods

Renovation of Tanks

Tanksarethelifelineforthecoastalfarmers,asthegroundwaterisbecomingsalineduetoseawaterintrusion.Renovationofsuchirrigationsystemswouldsustainthelivelihoodsofthefarmersdependentonthosetanks.Asalivelihoodsupportstrategyforthefarmersinthecoastalareas,CALLprogrammehastakentankrenovationasanimportantcomponent.Duringthisyear1703familiesgotassuredcropdueto

renovationofover23irrigationtanks.Nearly640hectaresofagriculturalfieldgotirrigationfacility.Agriculturalproductionhasincreasedby35to100percentafterthetankrenovation.Inafewofthetanks,farmershavealsogoneforcroppingforthesecondseasonduetoavailabilityofwaterinthetanks.

Creation of Farm Ponds

ThesoiltypeinthecoastalareasofNagapattinamdistrictissandyandthesub-surfaceflowofwaterisnoticedwithin10feetfromtheground.Becauseofthis,farmpondsestablishedinthecoastalareasarefrequentlysiltedandrequireregularcare.Duringthisperiod,needyfarmerswereidentifiedtorenovatetheirfarmponds.Further,thefarmerswereencouragedtoraisehorticulturecropssuchascoconut,mango,casuarinasandcontext-appropriatecrops.Duringthisyearalone923farmersweresupportedtorenovatefarmponds.Stakeholderswereidentifiedbytherespectivegroupandrespectivemembersweresupportedwithcredittoraisehorticulturecrops.Nearly397hectaresofagriculturallandgotbenefittedthroughrenovationandestablishmentoffarmponds.Agriculturalproductionhasincreasedbymorethan25percentaftertheestablishmentoffarmponds,andmanyfarmerswentforsecondcrop.

Dairy as an Alternative Livelihood

Dairyisapotentialincomegeneratingactivityforthesmallfarmersandlandlesspeople.Thegrowingneedformilkandmilkproductsinthemarkethasconverteddairyintoaviablerural


enterprise.Assessingthepotentialandscopeforpovertyreduction,DHANFoundationisinvolvedinpromotingdairyactivityforthesmallandmarginalfarmersandlandlesslabourers.Promotingdairyactivityatalargescalerequiresskilldevelopment,dairyinputssuchasfodderdevelopmentandfeed,marketingfacility,andextensionservices.ConsideringallthesefactorsDHANFoundationmadeintegratedapproachinpromotingdairyactivities.

InCuddalore,dairyactivityispromotedasasustainableincomegeneratingsourcetotheKalanjiammembers.Membersinterestedindairywereidentifiedandtrainedonanimalpurchaseanddairyactivitythroughpara-veterinarian.Theywerealsosupportedtopurchasecross-breedanimalswiththecreditsupportofbanks.Para-veterinariansupportismadeavailabletopurchasebettermilkyieldinganimalwithoutdisease.Qualityveterinarianservicessuchasartificialinsemination,de-wormingandanimalcampswereorganised.Farmersengagedindairyactivitywereorganisedintomilkproducergroupsandsupportedtomarketmilkcollectively.EachmembersupportedtoinitiatedairyactivityisearningRs.1700toRs.2000asincome.Theimpactofdairyactivityhasalsoreflectedinmilksupplytotheprocessingunit.

Dairy Initiative this Year

" 401familiesweresupportedinitiatedairyactivity

" 52PPGshavebeenpromoted

" Everyday2000to3000litresofmilksuppliedtothemilkprocessingunit

" IssuedRs.8millionasloanstobuyanimals

" 696animalsbenefittedfromveterinarycamps

" 35tonnesoffeedsuppliedthroughPPGs

" Artificialinseminationservicedelivered2365crossbreedcalves

Supplyofgreenfodderisessentialforcontinuityofdairyactivity.ThedecliningcommonlandandgreencoverareaisagrowingconcernamongthelivestockfarmersinsouthernIndia.Thecommonlandsareleftarebarrenorencroached

forconstructinghousesoragriculture.Insuchcircumstances,theintroductionoffoddercropstoensuresupplyofgreenfodderhasbecomeessentialforlivelihoodsustainability.DHANFoundationhasIntroducedCO-3andCO-4varietiesofgrasses.Inadditiontothat,farmerswerealsotrainedonAzollacultivation.Duringthisyear,30farmershaveinitiatedfoddercultivationin115centsofland.About147membersinitiatedAzollacultivation.

Farm-based Livelihoods

DHANimplementstheNationalAgriculturalInnovationProjectincollaborationwithAnnamalaiUniversity.IthasinitiatedfarmingsystemsforlivelihoodsecurityofsmallandmarginalfarmersindisadvantageddistrictsoftheTamilNadusuchasCuddalore,Villupuram,NagapattinamandThiruvannamalaidistricts.Ineachdistrictsthreeclustersofactivitiesweredoneinninevillages.Thisprojectisdoneunderthreeecosystems,covering981wetlandanddrylandfarmers,900landlesslabourersand208fishermen.Duringthisyear,threeunitsofchicks(eachfarmerwillreceive20broilerchickswith30kgofstarterand30kgoffinisherfeeds)weredistributedtothefarmers.Onanaveragefromasetof20birdsafarmerrealizedtheprofitofRs.700.Inrainfedintegratedfarmingsystemtotally1048goatsweredistributedtothefarmers,andthesegoatsdeliveredatotalof1940kids,brininganincomeofRs.2500toRs.4000fromeachgoat.InVillupuram,30bedsofmushroomculturewereestablished.ThefarmersreceivedanetincomeofRs.1500inamonth.

Fish Marketing

TheprogrammehaspromotedKalanjiamMeenavarSangamstoenhancetheincomeoftraditionalfishersandtoretainthemineco-friendlyactivities.TheSangamshavemarketedRs.22millionworthoffishesduringthisyear.ThefieldteamsareengagedinstrengtheningtheseKMSbyincreasingthenumberofmembersandvolumeoftransaction.Becauseofthebenefitsrealizedbythecommunityandcontinuouseffortsoffieldteam,apartfrommembers,non-members


arealsosupplyingfishtotheKMS.ThefishershaverealisedRs.30toRs.40perkilogramasbenefitofcollectivemarketing.NinetyfarmersearnedanetincomeofRs.4.2lakks.

Agricultural Marketing

Duringthisyear,Cuddaloreteamhasinitiatedgroundnutmarketingbyorganisingthefarmersintomarketinggroups.Thisactivitywastaken-uponanexperimentationbasisanditwillbeexpandedtootherareasinCuddaloredistrict.Rs.5.73lakhsworthofgroundnutwasmarketedthroughthePPGs.About65farmersweresupportedbythisactivity;eachfarmergainedRs.35perbagasadditionalincome.ThewarehouseestablishedinParangipettaiwasusedtostoreandmarkettheproduce.InKeelaiyurlocationfarmershavemarketedRs.12000worthofseedscollectively,outofwhich32smallandmarginalfarmershavebenefited.ThelocationhasalreadysupportedthesefarmerstopurchaseRs.4lakhsworthofseedsforcultivation.BothParangipettaiandTalainayarlocationhastakenupmarketinginitiativeandsold30tonsofGroundnutbenefittingaround28farmers.

Focus on Differently-abled

Social Security Benefits

" Over37,976membersand16,290spouseswereenrolledinlifeinsurance

" 4634familieswereenrolledinhealthinsurance

" 318livestockwereinsured.

" 1057acreshavebeencoveredundercropinsurance.

" 145claimshavebeenmadeunderlifetothetuneofRs.5Million

" 199ClaimsunderHealthtothetuneofRs.2.9Million

" 16MembersbenefittedfromcropinsurancetothetuneofRs.16000

" Rs.5.2Millionworthofscholarshiphasbeendistributedto4113studentsunderJBY

Toimpartlivelihoodskilltothedifferentlyabledpeopleandensureentitlement,CALLprogrammeiscloselyworkingwiththeRamnaddistrictadministration.Thefieldstaffoffourfederationsareengagedinidentifyingdifferentlyabledindividualsandtoensureentitlementundergovernmentschemes.Unlikesupportingthegroupmembers,consciouseffortshavebemadeidentityandsupporttheminitiatelivelihoodactivity.Anidentitycardisensuredforthedifferentlyabledindividual,withwhichtheycanaccessvariousgovernmentschemes.Nearly20servicesarebeingprovidedbythisunitand4750membershavebenefittedsofar.Morethan500membershavebenefittedduringthelastsixmonths,andemploymentfor45youthswasfacilitatedwithindustrialunits.Twentyfivecampswereorganisedforphysiotherapytreatmentfor210membersgotbenefited.Psychiatrictreatmentwasprovidedto45personsandmaintenancegrantwasprovidedto42mentallychallengedpersons.Oldagepensionprovidedbythegovernmentwasfacilitatedto225personsandwidowpensionwasfacilitatedto425womeninPuducherry.

Social Security to Reduce Risks

TheeastcoastofTamilNaduispronetomultipledisasters;henceintroductionofinsuranceproductswasseenascriticalintervention.InpastsixmonthsmorethrustshavebeengivenforenrollingmembersandspousesinJanashreeBimaYojna.Similartolifeinsurance,healthinsurancewashighlyfocusedinRamnadandTuticorinregions.

ThepoorhouseholdsinCuddaloredistrictsweresupportedtoinitiatedairyactivityatalargescale.Manyofthehouseholdshaveinitiateddairyactivityforthefirsttimeandchancesforanimaldeathduetopoorcare,evenaftertraining


isalwayspossible.Deathduetofloodsandotherdisastersarealsopossible.Toavoidunprecedentedlossduetodeathofanimals,alltheanimalintroducedwereinsured.Aninitialorientationoninsurancewasgiventothememberaspartoflivelihoodpromotion.Thecostofinsurancewasincludedintheloanpackageandalltheanimalsinsuredweretagged.CropinsurancewasintroducedintwolocationsinRamnadincollaborationwithPeopleMutuals.

Documentation and Dissemination of Experiences

Impact Assessment

Mr.AmodKumarSainifromUniversityofFreiburg,Germanyconductedaqualitativestudyonthetitle“Assessmentofimpactsofirrigationtanks,farmpondsandvillagepondsonlivelihoodsoffarmersofcoastalareasofTamilNadu”withinaperiodoftwomonths.Hisstudyrevealedthatestablishmentoffarmpondshaveincreasedbyfarmer’sincomeby100percent.Therenovationoftankshasalsoincreasedthefarmproductionby40to90percent.Thestudyalsoconcludedthatworkburdenofwomen,migrationtonearbytowns,waterscarcityrelatedproblems,andcropfailureduetofailureofmonsoonhasdeclinedinprojectareas.

National Level Dissemination Workshop

AspartofEUfundedprojectadisseminationworkshopwasorganisedduringtheMaduraiSymposium2011.NGOs,researchinstitutions,waterscientists,academicinstitutionsandstudentsfromdifferentpartsofthecountryparticipatedinthisevent.ProjectstakeholdersfromNagapattinam,Ramnad,andPudukkottaialsoparticipatedintheevent.Theprogrammeteammembersandregionalcoordinatorsmadepresentationonvariouscomponentsoftheproject.Participantssuggestedincludinghealthprogrammealongwithrenovationofvillageponds.

Apeopleconventionon“CoastalLivelihoods-ChallengesandOpportunities”wasorganisedwiththeparticipationoffarmers,dairyfarmersandfishers.About250peoplefrom10coastaldistrictshaveparticipatedintheevent.Thiseventwasorganisedtodefinefutureinterventionandrolesandresponsibilitiesofvariousstakeholders.

FIMSUL Studies and Workshops

TheFisheriesManagementforSustainableLivelihoods(FIMSUL)projectisimplementedinTamilNaduandPuducherrystatestoevolveasustainablefisheriesmanagementsystem.Theoverallgoaloftheprojectistounderstandthepresentstatusoffisheriesandtoarriveatsustainablemanagementsystem,soastoevolveafuturevisionforthefisheriessectorintheprojectarea.

Theprojecthastwopackagesincludingstakeholderanalysisandlivelihoodanalysis.ThesetwopackagesareimplementedthroughNGOs.Theprogrammefacilitateddistrictlevelconsultationmeetings,smallgroupmeetings,studyondistrictlevelformalandinformalinstitutions,FGDs,HHIsandDistrictlevelvalidationmeetingsinRamnadandPudukkottaidistricts.Theoutcomesofthestudieswereconsolidatedthroughdistrictlevelworkshops,inwhichthedetailsgatheredweresharedwiththefishercommunities.

Launch of Neidhal Movement

Toconservethecoastalecosystemandtosustainthelivelihoodsofpoorandvulnerablecommunities,CALLprogrammehaslaunchedNeidhalmovementbynetworkingallthefederationspromotedbyit.ThismovementwasformallyregisteredandsevenboardmemberswereelectedfromRamnad,Tuticorin,Nagapattinam,Cuddaloreregions.Thefishergroups,Vayalagams,KalanjiamsandUzhavargroupsfunctioningwillenrolasmembersinthemovement.

Tata-Dhan AcademyTheTata-DhanAcademy,aninstitutionforDevelopmentManagementistheresultofapartnershipbetweentheDHANFoundationandSirRatanTataTrust,Mumbai.TheAcademywasbeguninDecember2000andaimsatbecomingaCentreofExcellenceinDevelopmentManagement.ThecorepurposesoftheAcademyareinductingandgroomingfreshgraduatesasDevelopmentProfessionalsthroughspeciallydesignedprogrammes,andbuildingcapacityofthedevelopmentpractitioners.ThekeyactivitiestakenupbytheAcademyare:

" Atwo-yearpostgraduateprogrammeindevelopmentmanagement(PDM)forbuildingdevelopmentprofessionalswithhighqualitytechno-managerialcompetencesupportedbyappropriatemotivations,valuesandattitudestoworkwithpeople,particularlythedisadvantaged.

" AnumberofshortdurationmanagementdevelopmentprogrammessuchasSocialDevelopmentResearchCapacityBuilding,LEAD:FutureSearchforNGOs,AdvancedReflectiveTrainingonscaling-upMicrofinance,MicroinsuranceandDevelopmentManagementAppreciationProgrammefortheNGOstaff,academicians,researchersandgovernmentagencies.

" Researchescoordinatedbythefacultymembersandsupportedbyresearch



associatesforgeneratingcasestudiesandteachingmaterials.

" The“AdvancedCentreforSkillandKnowledgeonMutualInsurance(ASKMI)”promotedintheAcademyworksforadvancingthepracticeofmicroinsuranceandthe“AdvancedCentreforEnablingDisasterRiskReduction(ACEDRR)”worksonenhancingtheknowledgeandpracticeondisasterriskreduction.TheseCentrestakeupresearch,pilotprojects,trainingandeducation,documentationandpublication,networkingandconsultancy,andpolicyadvocacyintherespectivefields.

ThefocusofTata-DhanAcademyfortheyearhasbeenonpositioningcentres,knowledgedevelopmentanddisseminationonlivelihoods,documentationanddissemination,facultydevelopmentandpreparatoryworksfornewactivitiesandregistrationoftheAcademy.

Research

ThesocialimpactstudyhasbeencompletedforsevenstatesandsubmittedthestatereportstoEkalVidyalayaFoundationofIndia.AseriesofmeetingsandpresentationswereheldtorefinethecontentofthereportwithEVFI.TDAisinvolvedinthesmallmilletsprojectundertakenbytheRainfedFarmingDevelopmentProgramme.Duringthereportingperiod,theinterviewschedulewasfinalized.TheAcademyandINAFIhavetakeninitiativetocompletemigrationstudytakenupbyPREMearlier.

Workshops and Seminars

MaduraiSymposium2011wascoordinatedwiththesupportofDHANCollective.Over32eventswereconducted.Bulletinswerebroughtoutcapturingtheknowledgebriefofthedayeventsandproceedings.About6000participantsattendedvariouseventsintheMaduraiSymposium.ThesoftcopyofthebulletinsweresharedwithNRLM,WorldBankrepresentatives,FordFoundation,SRTT,SDTT,andsomeoftheinternationalARTparticipants.

Publications and Dissemination

Duringtheyear,proceedingsofMaduraiSymposium2009hasbeenbroughtout,whichhastobedisseminatedtootherorganisations.Theresolutionsanddeclarationsarepartoftheproceedingsasaseparatesectioninthebook.Theresearchbriefandpilotbriefshavebeenuploadedtothewebsiteaspartofknowledgedissemination.Initiativehasbeentakenuptoprepareadocumenton“ADecadeExperienceofTata-DhanAcademy”.Theperspectiveplanforthenextthreeyearshasbeenworkedoutandpresentedinthe13thFacultyCouncilMeeting.AbrochurefortheAcademyhasbeenprepared.AquestionnairehasbeenpreparedtofinalisetheperspectiveandscopefortheWETcentre.Abookhasbeenpreparedbyengaginganinternon“LandscapingoftheAcademy”.TheArchitecturaldesignhasalsobeenpreparedasaseparatebookcontainingtheconceptbehindthebuildingdesign.Onemorebookon“FloraandFaunaintheCampus”hasbeenprepared.Aframeworkhasbeenfinalizedtodevelopabstractsofstudents’research(fieldwork)reportsofPDM11.


Development Management Programmes

AtrainingonmicroinsurancewasheldforNGOsatthenationallevelinadditiontoanexposureprogrammeonmicroinsurance.TheART9onmicroinsurancewasconductedandatrainingprogrammeonDecentralisedWastewaterTreatmentSystemwasconducted.TheDevelopmentManagementAppreciationProgrammewasorganisedfortheprofessionalsofDHANFoundation.Areporthasbeenpreparedonone-yearleadershipprogrammedesign.SecondprogrammeofVirtualEducationonMicroInsurancewasofferedtoprofessionals.Aten-daycourseon“DevelopmentImmersionProgramme”wasofferedtothesecondyearMBAstudentsofThiagarajarSchoolofManagement.Thefocusistoorientthestudentstodevelopment.

Centres in the Academy

Theresearchcouncilconductsaregularmonthlymeetinginwhichthepilotsandresearchprojectsarediscussedandfacilitatedtoundertakethem.DuringthereportingperiodnewpilotsandresearchactivitieshavebeeninitiatedwithDHANCollectiveonrisksandvulnerabilities,micro-climateandmicroinsurance,disasterriskandsocialsecurity.TheAdvancedCentreforEnablingDisasterRiskReduction(ACEDRR)hasexecutedaMoUwithRegionalIntegratedMulti-HazardEarlyWarningSystemforAfricaandAsia(RIMES).Theplanhastobeworkedouttocarryoutvariousresearchandfieldstudies.AvillagedisastermanualhasbeenreviewedandthecommentsweresharedwiththeNationalInstituteofDisasterManagement(NIDM).

Faculty placement and development:TwofacultymembersfromDHANCollectivehavebeendeputedtotheAcademy.Twofacultymemberswerenominatedforatwo-dayinternationalworkshoponcasewritingandteachingatGoaaspartoffacultydevelopment.TheFacultySeminarhasbeeninitiatedagainandtwosuchseminarshavebeenorganizedon“Effectofglobalizationandconsumerismontraditionalandcastebasedlivelihoods”and“Impactoffarmpondsincoastalagriculture”.Itisseenaspartofdevelopingtheintellectualabilityofthefaculty.

Case writing:Thefacultymemberswereencouragedtodeveloptwocasesonwaterandmicroinsurance.ThefinalcaseswerepresentedinacaseworkshopheldatGoa.Teachingnoteswouldbepreparedbasedonthesuggestionsfromthefacultyseminar.On-the-joborientationisgivenfromtimetotimewithregardtoresearch,documentationandteaching.Forthreefacultymembers,intensiveorientationwasgivenonconductingpilots.

Other Academic Activities

Admissions to PDM 13:Strategieswereworkedouttoenrolaminimum20studentsinthecomingbatch.TheadvertisementwasplacedintheEconomicandPoliticalWeeklyalongwithDHAN’sfinancialstatements.ApplicationandinformationforPDM13hasbeenuploadedinthewebsite.DMATandselectionprocesshasbeenconductedinfourplaces:Chennai,Sirsi,Delhi,andMadurai.19candidateswereofferedprovisionalselection.


PDM 11: Theeightstudentshavesuccessfullycompletedfourterms.Thestudentsarecurrentlyundergoingfifthterm.InitiativeshavebeentakentoimprovethewrittenandoralcommunicationabilitiesofthestudentsthroughwriteupsforPDMblogsandassignments.

PDM 12:Elevenstudents(sixgirls,fiveboys)enrolledforPDM12fromfivestates.TheyarecurrentlyundergoingTermII.Tointegratethemissionaryperspectivetheremedialwasstarted

withthree-dayvillagestayforthenewbatch.Theywereexposedtothe“adoptionfamily”conceptofReachingtheUnreachedandKarunaiIllamofDHANFoundationtosensitisethemtowardsthedevelopmentofdisadvantagedcommunities.MrSankararaman,SecretaryofAmarSevaSangamworkingforthedisabilitieswastheresourcepersonduringtheinaugurationofPDM,whosharedhisdevelopmentexperienceasadevelopmentmissionarythroughhisinspirationalspeech.

Rainfed Farming Development Programme

RainfedagricultureplaysacrucialroleinIndia,covering68percentofthetotalnetsownareain177districts.Uncertaintyinproductionduetofluctuationsinrainfallanditsdistribution,anddecreaseinrelativeproductivityinrainfedlandsaffectthelivelihoodsofthepoorandmarginalisedfarmers.DHANfoundationhaslaunchedtheRainfedFarmingDevelopmentProgrammetomaketherainfedfarmingviablebyimprovingthetotalfactorproductivitythroughlocationspecificinterventions.Theprogrammeisinvolvedinthefollowingactivities:

" OrganisingfarmersintoUzhavarKuzhu(Farmers’Group),buildingnestedinstitutionsofRainfedWatershedAssociation,UzhavarMandramandfederatingthemintoUzhavarMamandram.

" Buildingonthelocalbestpracticesoffarmersinrainfedfarming,bothindigenousandexogenous,bydocumenting,standardizinganddisseminatinginformation.

" Designingandimplementingcontextspecific,multipleandinterrelatedinterventionsacrosssubsectorslikeagriculture,livestockandhorticulturethroughlanddevelopment,organicmatterbuildup,cropproductionenhancementandlivestockdevelopment.



" Developingandofferingapackageofsocialsecurityproductssuchasdeficitrainfallinsurance,cattleinsuranceandhumaninsurancetomitigatetherisksandvulnerabilitiesofrainfedfarmers.

" Creatingaccesstosavingsandcreditservicesforfarmersthroughtheirgroups.

" Buildingthecapacityoffarmersintheareasofprovenrainfedfarmingtechnology,leadershipdevelopment,andchangingtheattitudeoffarmerstowardsrainfedfarmingtoleadtosignificantchanges.

TheRainfedFarmingDevelopmentProgramme(RFDP)worksdirectlywithrainfedfarmersin11districtsofsixIndianstatesnamelyTamilNadu,Karnataka,AndhraPradesh,Maharashtra,OrissaandJharkhand.InAP,RFDPisworkingwithIntegratedWatershedManagementProgramme(IWMP)oftheStateandinMaharashtraRFDPworkswithConvergenceofAgriculturalInterventions,Maharashtra(CAIM)oftheState.InKarnataka,RFDPworkswithGreenFoundation.Inaddition,RFDPisjointlyworkingwiththeKalanjiamProgrammeinKoraputandMayubhanjdistrictsofOrissaaswellasIndervellylocationofAndhraPradesh.

Revalorising Small Millets

RESMISA(RevalorisationofSmallMilletsintheRainfedRegionsofSouthAsia)projectisfor42months,startedinthemonthofMarch2011.RFDPisimplementingthisprojectinfivelocationsoftwothreestates.Peraiyur,Anchetty,andJawadhu

HillsarethethreelocationsinTamilNadu.SemilgudaisoneofthemilletlocationswhereinthisprojectisimplementedwiththeexistingfarmersinOrissa.BerolocationofRanchidistrictinthestateof,Jharkhandisthenewlocationestablishedexclusivelyforthesmallmilletproject.AninceptionworkshopwasconductedinMaduraiwithallthepartneragencies,followedbyaformallaunchatPeraiyur,oneoftheprojectlocationsinMadurai,TamilNadu.TrainingonparticipatoryplantbreedingwasorganisedinIndiaandSriLankawiththetechnicalsupportofLIBIRD,Nepal.TwosixmonthlyreviewswereorganisedfortheprojectandprogresswasreportedtoIDRC.

Organising Rainfed Farmers

Duringthisyear,theRFDPhaspromoted334groupsofrainfedfarmers,reachingatotalof17,064membersin840groupsnetworkedinto65associations.TheProgrammehasstartedorganisingthefarmersinvolvedinrainfedfarminginShiroliclusterofGhatanjitaluk,YavatmaldistrictsinMaharashtra.UnderCAIMProject,promotionofprimaryproducergroups,SHGsandvillagedevelopmentcommitteeshavebeeninitiated.StrengtheningofwatershedcommitteesisinprogressinUtnoorlocation.ThreenewlocationsnamelyJawathuHillsinTamilNadu,SemiligudainOrissaandBeroinJharkhandhavebeeninitiatedinthereportingperiodforthesmallmilletproject.Officeshavebeenestablishedandteamswereplacedforthesethreelocations.Arainfedfarmers’federationhasbeenregisteredinNattarampallilocation.


Rainfed Farming Development Activities

DifferentkindsofrainfedfarmingactivitiesweretakenupinKoraput,Borigumma,Semiliguda,BetnotiandMorodalocationsofKalanjiamProgrammeinOrissa.InBorigumma,33farmpondsincluding10pondsthroughMahatmaGandhiNationalRuralEmploymentGuaranteeSchemewereconstructedandimpactsweredocumented.InBorigumma,farmpondsareusefulforgivinglifesavingirrigationforthefirstcroppaddy.Farmersowningfarmpondscultivatevegetableassecondcropbyusingfarmpondwater.FarmershavegotanadditionalincomeofRs.5000-6000bycultivatingvegetablesassecondcrop.Incollaborationwithgovernmentagency,adieselpumpwaspurchasedandgiventothefarmersforliftingwaterfromthepondtoirrigatericeandothervegetables.InBetnoti,membershaveproducedmushroomandthroughthistheywereabletoearnRs.150perbedafterspendingRs.30.InKoraputandBetnoti,themembersweresupportedtogetbackyardpoultryfromRashtriyaKrishiVikasYojana(RKVY)ofveterinarydepartment.

UnderNABARD-UPNRM,thelanddevelopmentactivitiesweretakenupinPeraiyurandGudiyatham.UnderNWDPRA,Rs.2.36lakhswasspentforthelanddevelopmentworksinNattarampalli.LanddevelopmentworkssuchaslandlevellingandsiltapplicationweretakenupatGangavallilocationinSalemDistrict,TamilNadu.

Rs.2millionworthofnaturalresourcemanagementactivitiessuchaswaterabsorptiontrenches,looseboulderstructures,rockfilleddamsandfarmpondweredoneintheUtnoorlocationwiththeIntegratedWatershedManagementProgramme(IWMP)fund.

Insurance Services

Mutualcropinsurancebasedondeficitrainfallindexwasdonewith813farmersoffourlocationsforcotton,groundnut,pulses,maizeandformillets.MutualincomeinsurancewasdoneforgroundnutcropinNattarampalliandGudiyatham

locations.ThetotalpremiumpaidbythefarmerswasRs.1.1lakhsforthesumassuredofRs.14.32million.MutuallivestockinsuranceisimplementedinTirumangalamandPeraiyur.InGudiyathamlivestockinsurancewasdonewithsubsidizedgovernmentscheme.

Support to Cotton Growers

ACSRprojectofCottonCorporationofIndia,CoimbatoreisinprogressatSengapadaivillageofTirumangalam,inTamilNadu.FarmersFieldSchoolswereconductedwiththecottongrowersofGopalapuramvillage.Eco-friendlyagriculturalinputssuchasneemcakeandvermi-compostweresuppliedto448cottonfarmersundertheproject.TwentyonenewfarmpondshavebeenconstructedundertheEuropeanUnionprojectinVedaraniyam.TherevisedDetailedProjectReportwaspreparedandsubmittedtoCAIMforRs.70millionforfouryears.AdditionalPanchayatshavebeenincludedintherevisedDPR.

Workshops and Seminars

Aninceptionworkshopwasorganisedfortheproject“RevalorisingofSmallMilletsinRainfedRegionsofSouthAsia”andfollowedbylauncheventwasorganizedatPeraiyur.TrainingonparticipatoryplantbreedingwasorganisedinIndiaandinSriLankawiththetechnicalexpertsofLIBIRD,Nepal.ThefirsthalfyearlyreportshavebeensubmittedtoIDRC.

TwoeventswereconductedinMaduraiSymposium2011:“FarmersConventiononFutureSearch”wasorganisedwitharound250leadersofRFDPtoplanfortheirfederations;aseminaron“AdvancingConservation,CultivationandConsumptionofSmallMillets”wasorganisedwhereinresourcepersonsfromdifferentdevelopmentorganisations,academicinstitutionsandprivateagencieswhoareinvolvedinmilletprocessingandmarketingtookpartandsharedtheirexperiencesinprocessing.Discussionsrevolvedaroundthewaysandmeansbywhichmilletscanbeincludedinthefoodhabitofthecommunity.

Communication and Information Technology for Development

(CIT4D) ProgrammeThereexistsagreatdividebetweenaccesstoanduseofcommunicationandinformationtechnology(CIT)betweenurbanandrural,richandpoor,for-profitsandcharities.DHANFoundationhastakenupCommunicationandInformationTechnologyforDevelopmentasanewthemetoexperiment,developandimplementsocially-relevantCITprogrammesthroughtheCITbasedpeople’sorganisationsbuiltatthegrassroots.Ithasbecomeacrosscuttingthemetocomplementthemicrofinance,water,rainfedfarmingthemes.Theprogrammeisinvolvedinthefollowingactivities." PromotingThagavalagamGroupstoprovideCITbasedlivelihoodsandVillageInformationCentresinruralareasandurbanslumstoprovidevariouse-servicessuchase-mail,e-Post,computeraidedschooleducationande-Governance.

" Facilitatingtheruralpoortogetconnectedwiththeresourcesandexpertiselocateddistantlythroughonlineconsultationsforeyecare,health,agriculture,legal,educationandanimalhusbandryandfishery.

" Enablingtheagedandilliteratewomenandmentolearntoreadandwritethroughcomputer-aidedadultliteracycentressetupforKalanjiamandVayalagammembers.



" EstablishingCommunityCollegestoofferanumberofCITrelatedandjoborientedcoursestothepooryouthandhelpingthemtogetemployedinnearbytownsandcities.

" DevelopingcontentforeducationaluseandsoftwareforagricultureandanimalhusbandryservicesbeingusedbyfarmersinVICs.

" PromotingpartnershipwiththeotherstakeholderssuchasCITbasedacademic,researchandbusinessorganisationstochanneliseresourcesandexpertisetothegrassroots

Educational Services

TheCIT4DProgrammeofferseducationalservicesincluding21typesofcomputercoursesundertheDHAN-IGNOUCommunityCollegescheme.Theeducationalservicealsoincludesthee-School(MultimediaEducationforSchoolGoingChildren)andtypingcoursesforyouth.Duringtheyeartwobatchesof377studentswereenrolledinvariouscourses;ofthem149werefemalestudents.EducationalserviceswerethemainsourcesofrevenueforourVICs.TheeducationalcollaborationwithIGNOUaddedvaluefortheeducationalservicesduringthisyear.Effortsweretakentoincreasethestudents’enrolmentforthecomputercourses.

e-Governance

Thee-governanceserviceincludesavailingvariousgovernmentservicesthroughonlineforms.Thoughtherewereissuesingettingcontinuousconnectivitytotheinternet,theVICofferedsuchservicesoffline.Collectionandremittanceof

electricitybillwasoneofthenewservicesaddedduringtheyear.

VICsalsoprovideonlinerechargeservicesformobilephones,sellingaccessoriesandprovidingnewmobileconnections.ThejobworkservicesofferedbytheVICsincludeonlinedataentryworksandhardwarecomponentssalesandservice.TheonlinedataentriesarebeingprovidedbytheagricultureandhealthdepartmentsinMelurandKottampatti.Thefarmersprofile,soilprofile,andcultivationpatternarecomputerisedbytheagricultureandhorticulturedepartments,whicharedoneattheVICs.Similarly,healthdepartments,especiallyPrimaryHealthCentres,arenowconvertingtheirdataonline;thisworkisalsotakenupbyVICs.TheseservicescontributedrevenueconsiderablytosustaintheservicesofferedbytheVICsforfree.

Health Services

TheVICsintroducedhealthrelatedservicesasrevenuebasedserviceduringthisyear,whichincludes,sugartestingwiththesupportofdigitalglucometers,checkingbloodpressurewithdigitalmetersandcalculatingBMI.Though,thedemandforthisserviceisincreasinginvillages,thenumberofbeneficiarieswaslimitedduetoarestrictednumberofkits.

Free Services

ThefreeservicesoftheVICsincludecontentdeployment,organisingvillagelevelcamps,trainingforfarmersandwomen,usingpublicaddressingsystemforvillageannouncements,


audioconferencewithexpertsandbetweenthecommunities,andusageoflibrarybooksavailableintheVICs.TheVICsserved14,500uniqueusersthroughdifferentservices.

Collaborations

As a Study Centre for IGNOU: DHANPeopleAcademyhasbeenaccordedasastudycentrebytheIndiraGandhiNationalOpenUniversity.TheCIT4DProgrammeoffersaBachelorofComputerApplication(BCA)andacertificatecoursecalled“CertificateinInformationTechnology”fromthestudycentre.

CAPART Sponsored Village Knowledge Centers: CAPARTsanctionedtheVKCprojecttoDHANin2007.Aspertheguidelines,M/sBharatElectronicsLimited,KotdwarawastotakeupthesettingofVKCsbyprovidingtheneededinfrastructure.Theinfrastructurehavebeensetupinallthe11sitesincludingonecentralsite/expertcenterand10remotesites.

ISRO Sponsored Village Resource Centers:VideoconferenceisoneofthepredominantservicesoftheVIC.Interactingwithexpertshashigherinfluencethananyotherservicesusedbythevillagers.ISROprovidedinfrastructureandconnectivitysupportundertheVillageResourceCentersproject.Sofar27VRCshavebeenpromoted,including10inAndhraPradeshand17inTamilNadu.

Interactive Multimedia Content Development

Thereisconsiderableundocumentedknowledgeandtraditionalpracticesamongtheruralcommunitywhicharerelevantforsharingacrossthecommunity.Sharingsuchknowledgeandpracticeswillbethemainsourceofcontent.Networkingisthewayofconnectingtwoendsforsharing.Sharingenhancesthewayoflearning.TheInformationcanbegivenintheformofaudioannouncements,textcontentsandvideocontent.Communitybasedmultimediacontentwillbeaneffectivetoolforbringingawarenessamongthecommunityparticularlythestudents,youth,farmers,fishermenandwomen.Theinformationin

theformofcontentshouldberelevantandneedyforthecommunityandinlocallanguage.TheInternetisamajorsourceofcontentandpeoplefromdifferentsectorsanddifferentpartsoftheworldcontributetothecontent.InformationfromtheInternetislessusedbytheruralcommunitybecauseofthelanguageissueandisnotspecific.Developinglocallyrelevantcontentanddeployingatacommonplatformwillfacilitatesharingofknowledge.Duringthisyear,theProgrammefacilitatedproductionofaround90videosfore-Schoolserviceand20practicalsessionsfor10thstandardstudents.

Community Radio

TogetherwithKottampattiVayalagamandKalanjiamFederations,CITandCentreforDevelopmentCommunication(CDC)arejointlyrunningtheCommunityRadioprojectinKottampatti.TheCommunityRadioisownedbytheVayalagamfederationandspacefortowerandroomisprovidedbyKalanjiamfederation.Audiocontentgeneration,programmedissemination,monitoring,narrowcastingofaudiocontentatVICs,etcaredonebyCITteam.CDCprovidestechnicalguidanceincontentgenerationaswellascoordinationwithdepartmentsingettinglicense,etc.NarrowcastingoftheaudiocontenthasbeendoneextensivelyintheVICsthroughthepublicaddressingsystem.Itstartedwithbroadcastingforthreehoursdailyandisnowbroadcastingninehoursofprogrammesdaily,withfivehoursoforiginalprogrammeandfourhoursofrepetitionprogramme.

Other Services

TheCIT4DProgrammeprovidessoftwaredevelopmentservicetotheprogrammesandcentresinmaintainingdatabase,doinganalysisandconsolidationofinformation;alloftheseprovideinputforplanningordecisionmaking.Theteamcoordinatesanddevelopssoftwaresothatitcanbeeffectivelyusedandanycustomizationrequiredcanbeeasilyaddressed.Ifprocuredfrommarketoroutsourced,itnotonlyincreasestheoverallcostbutthereisalwaysadependencyontheserviceprovider.

Working with Panchayats ProgrammeThehistoryofthevillage-levelPanchayatinstitutionsinIndiagoesbackhundredsofyears.Afterindependence,thePanchayatsystemwasneglected.DHANFoundationhasrealisedthattheseinstitutionsneedtobevibrantandresponsivetotheneedsofthepeopletobringaboutlastingprogress,benefitingall.DHANFoundationhaslaunchedaprogramme“WorkingwithPanchayats”topromoteandstrengthentheinformalfunctionalgroupsinthevillagetogetinvolvedinPanchayataffairs.TheprogrammeintegratestheexistingtraditionalsystemswithPanchayatstoenhancetheparticipationofpeopleandachievesynergybyadoptingthefollowingstrategies:

" Promotingfunctionalgroupsandvillagedevelopmentforums,strengtheningandguidingworkingcommitteestointegratewiththePanchayatsystem.

" FacilitatingpreparationofmultiyearmicroplanningforPanchayatdevelopmentbythecommunityandmaketheworkingcommitteesresponsibleforexecutingthoseplans.

" Advocatingforenablingpoliciesforeffectivedecentralizationthroughstudiesandpublications,seminarsandworkshops.

" PromotinganetworkofPanchayatRajrepresentativesattheblockanddistrictlevel,andbuildingtheircapacityingoodgovernance.



" Creatingawarenessamongthevoters,youths,andstudentsonPRI,andensuringbenefitsofthedevelopmentprogrammestoreachthepoorandvulnerablecommunities

" StrengtheningtheGramSabaandmakingitaforumforperformingsocialaudit,andintroducinge-Panchayatsforopenandtransparentadministrativesystem

" EnhancingtherevenueforPanchayatsthroughbuildingcorpusandundertakingincomegeneratingactivitiesatvillagelevel.

ThePanchayatprogrammeisworkingwithprimarylevelPanchayatinstitutions.ItorganisespeopleinstitutionsatthevillageleveltoactivelyparticipateinPanchayatactivities.Secondly,itmobilisesthepeopleinstitutionswhicharealreadyorganisedbyNGOsformakingthemactivelyparticipatewithPanchayatinstitutions.ThepeopleintheprimaryinstitutionsarepreparedforplayinganactiveroleintheirrespectivePanchayatsthroughwhichthelocalGovernanceisstrengthenedforpovertyreduction.Thereare346primarygroupsorthekudiyatchikuzhukkalfunctioninginPanchayatprogramme,ofwhich39groupswerepromotedduringthisyear.TheProgrammeworkswith85Panchayatscovering120villages.Sofar27,801familieshavebeenaddedintothefunctionalgroupspromotedintheworkingPanchayats.

Performance of Panchayat Institutions

AllvillagePanchayatshavemandatedmeetingstostrengthentheirfunctions.InalltheworkingPanchayats,thesefunctionshavebeenregularized.

ThePanchayatcouncilmeetingswhicharetobeconductedeverymontharegettingregularizedinallfiveplaces.Therewere288meetingsconducted.Onaverage,morethan90percentofthemembersregularlyattendthemeetings.Thequalityofthemeetingsarealsoincreasedeveryyear.TheGramaSabhameetingisconsideredasvillageparliamentmeeting.Inmanyplacesitisachallengingtask.IntheworkingPanchayats,theseGramaSabhameetingswereconductedasperstandard.Duringthisperiod175GramaSabhameetingswereconductedin25Panchayats.

TheworkingcommitteesareconsideredasadecentralizedmechanismofadministrationatthePanchayatlevel.ItwasintroducedrecentlyanditisbeingfollowedinmostofthePanchayats.ThePanchayatDevelopmentAssociationorKudiyatchimamandramisaninformalstructurepromotedfororganizingthepeopleforumatPanchayatlevel.Presently37PDAsarefunctioning.

Strengthening Democratic Practices

Asademocraticunitatthegrassrootslevel,thevillagePanchayatshavemorescopeforadoptingavarietyofdemocraticpractices.Someofthemaremandatedfunctionstobeadoptedandothersareemergedoutoftheirownexperiences.Duringtheyear,Panchayatprogrammefocusedonstrengtheningthefollowingdemocraticpractices.

" Thepeople’svoiceismoreimportantindemocraticinstitutions.Here,thePanchayatsaregivingimportanceforpeoples’voicebywayofconductingtheGramaSabhameetingsregularlywithquality.Thepeople’sviewsandsuggestionsarerespected.


" Thecouncilmeetingsaregettingstrengthenedbybeingconductingregularlywiththequorumandquality.

" ThePanchayatparliamentsystemsareintroducedtostrengthenthedemocraticprinciplesatthePanchayatlevel.ItwasconductedinthreePanchayatslastyear;throughthese,thepublic’sviewsandownershipwerecomingoutontheperformanceofthePanchayat.

" ThesocialauditprocesswasdoneatPalamedulocationinRajakkalpattipanchayatonMGNREGSprogramme.Itwasatwo-dayprogrammeinwhichthepubliccouldparticipateandwentthroughtheprocess.ItwasanopportunityforthePanchayattohighlightthefieldleveloperationalissuestothepublic.

" Themulti-yearmicroplanisoneoftheregularizedactivitiesinallourworkingPanchayats.Itwasundertakeninall25Panchayatsandinmostofthecases,theAssociateswereabletofacilitatetheprocess.Bythis,thestakeofthePanchayatsareincreasingyearbyyear.AlltheexpenditurestodothisprocessaremetbytherespectivePanchayats.TheimplementationoftheplanisgettingimportanceinallPanchayats.

Social Security Programme at Panchayat Level

TheprogrammehaspromotedalltheworkingPanchayatsasnodalagenciesforimplementingthesocialsecurityprogrammes.ThisisanewinitiativeforthePanchayatstogetinvolvedinmobilizingpeopleforsuchsocialsecurityprogrammes.Duringthisperiodthetotalfamiliescoveredunderthisprogrammewas6500,outofwhich32deathsoccurredduringthisreportingperiod;allthe32familiesreceivedthecompensation.Inadditionaround1012studentshavebenefitedoutofthisprogrammeduringthisyearandreceivedRs.1millionasscholarship.

Implementation of MGNREGP

TheMahatmaGandhiNationalRuralEmploymentGuaranteeProgrammegivesopportunityforall

toworkatleastfor100daysinayear.MostofthePanchayatsarenotproperlyguidedforbetterimplementationofthisproject.TheprogrammehasintroducedafewgoodpracticesinallworkingPanchayats.Thisinitiativeincludesenrollingallthepoor,landlessandweakersectionandgettingjobcardforall,ensuringweeklywagedisbursementinatransparentway,coveringalltheenrolledpeoplewithinsurance,andensuringproperworkplacefacilitiesthatareconvenientforwomen.MGNREGPwasundertakeninallworkingPanchayatsandgeneratedemploymentopportunityupto1.5lakhhumandaysbyundertaking19worksinthisyear.Asawhole3830familiesbenefitedoutofthisprogrammeandearnedRs.13.4millionaswagesfortheyear.

Voter List Updating

Thevoterlistisabasicdocumentinanydemocraticsystemtoexercisetheindividualsvotingright.Since,itisseenonlyduringtheelectiontime,itisnotproperlyupdatedeverywhere.Thisleadstomalpracticeduringtheelectionandpoorpollingpercentage.ThePanchayatprogrammetookresponsibilityforupdatingthevoterlistinallworkingPanchayatsandstartedthisprocessfrom2010onwards.Itwaspossiblewhilethecooperationofyouthgroupsateachhamlet.UsuallyJanuaryisthemonthforupdatingthevoterlist.Thisyear,duetotheconductofpublicelection,August2011wasalsousedtoupdatethevoterlist.

Panchayat Movement

TostrengthenthePanchayatconcepts,theprogrammeconceivedanideaoflaunchingamovementbyenrollingmembersfromthelocalbodyinstitutions.Duringthisyeartheprogrammeenrolled1282membersinthemovement;sofar5844membershavebeenenrolledinthemovement.

Campaigning for Election 2011

Thelocalbodyelection2011wasthefourthelectionforTamilNaduafterthe73rdand74th


constitutionalamendmentscameintopractice.Morethanfourlakhspeoplefinallycontested.TheprogrammedecidedtoensurequalityofelectioninalltheworkingPanchayats.Threeslogansweredesignedsuchas“Allvotersmustvote”,“Rightpersonsshouldcontestandtobeelected”,and“Nocashforvote”.AnelaborateawarenesscampaigninthevillagesofworkingPanchayatswastakentopromotethischange.TherewasadoortodoorcampaignintheworkingPanchayats,padayathraandcyclerallyinthevillagesofworkingblocksanddistributionofhandbillsandposterswerecarriedoutinthevillagesofworkingdistricts.Totally1.27lakhsvotersand260villageswerecovered.

Panchayat Education for Youth

ThePanchayatProgrammeisofferingaDiplomainPanchayatManagement(DPM)coursewiththesupportofDHANPeopleAcademy(DPA).Theseventhbatchisgoingonandtheseminarclasseswereconductedtwiceduringthisyear.Theseminarclasseswereconductedin12placesandthePanchayatteamandDPAteamconductedtheseseminarclasses.Comparedwiththepreviousbatches,theperformanceofthecurrentbatchwasverygood.

Workshops and Conventions for Panchayat Leaders

AspartofMaduraiSymposiumthePanchayatprogrammeconductedaworkshopanda

presidents’convention.Theworkshopwason“Micro-planningandLivelihoodsinLocalGovernanceInstitutions”andtheconventionwason“LivelihoodsthroughNREGPinPRI”.Therewere20participantsfortheworkshopandnearly200participantsfortheconvention.Inaddition,theprogrammedisplayedanexhibitionfocusingonlocalbodyelection.Itwaswellreceivedbythepublic.

Positioning Panchayat Initiatives

APanchayatmanualforTamilNaduhasbeenpreparedwiththesupportofMr.K.Vallinayagam,Mr.ChidambaramandMr.Subramanian,whowereinvolvedinPanchayatadministrationatdifferentlevels.Theprogrammeteammemberswerealsoinvolvedinalltheprocessandgainedexperience.Theoutputhascomeoutverywellanditwouldbesoonreleased.

TheTamilNaduStatePlanningCommissionextendedspaceforDHAN’sPanchayatprogrammetobeaninstitutionalmemberforthe12thFiveYearPlanandtheprogrammetookpartintheWorkingCommitteeonDecentralisedDistrictPlanning.

Recently,theStateGovernmentinTamilNaduhasconstitutedaspecialcommitteeforexploringthepossibilitiesforincreasingthefundsourcesforthevillagePanchayats.DHANhasbeenaccordedapositionofaninstitutionalmemberinthiscommitteeandthefirstmeetingwasheldrecentlyinChennai.

Tourism for DevelopmentDHANFoundation’sTourismforDevelopmentthemeisanoutcomeofthefour-yearpilotproject‘¬EndogenousTourismforRuralLivelihoods’implementedbyitinKaraikudiandKazhugumalaiinTamilNaduwiththesupportofUnitedNationsDevelopmentProgrammeandGovernmentofIndia.Oneofthekeylearningsoftheprojectwasthatthediversifiedlivelihoodopportunitiesexistinthetourismsectorcancontributeinpovertyreduction.‘TourismforDevelopment’isacrosscuttingthemetofacilitateDHAN’sprogrammesworkinginthelocationsoftourismimportancetocapitalizetheemergingopportunitiesinthetourismsector.Itwouldbeamulti–stakeholderandinclusiveapproachwithallthestakeholdersintourismincludingthepoorcommunities.Thekeyprogrammestrategiesare

" OrganisingthepoorfamiliesintotourismbasedPeoples’Organisationsandintroducingsavings,creditandinsuranceservices.

" ConservingandpromotingheritageandartisanalskillsbyorganisingtheartisansandserviceprovidersintoPrimaryproducerandmarketinggroupsandfederatingthemintoaProducercumMarketingCompany.

" Strengtheningexistingskillsandbuildingnewskillsinproduction,servicingandmarketingrelatedtotourism.

" LinkingthePeoples’Organisationswithcommercialbanks,marketsandresource



institutionsformobilizingresources,productionandmarketingofqualityproducts.

" FacilitatingresearchanddevelopmentinthePeoples’Organisationsforproductinnovation,packagingandmarketing.

" Ensuringresponsibletourismthroughpromotingtourismliteracyandcapacitybuilding.

Advancing pilots

ThetourismbasedPeoples’OrganisationsinPalluthurandKazhugumalaihavefocusedonstrengtheningmicrofinanceactivitiesofSHGs.VillageTourismDevelopmentCommittees(VTDC)Mettopromoteresponsibletourisminthelocations.TheVTDCofKazhugumalaiinitiatedrenovationofAmbalOoraniandVettuvankulamwithcommunityparticpation.InKaraikudi,aWalkforClimateChangeAdaptionwasorganised,insistingonimportantofavoidingplastics.AspecialeventPanpattuThottilwasorganisedincollaborationwithAllIndiaRadio,MaduraitopromoteheritageofChettinadwithavarietyoffolkloreprogrammes.

Initiated new pilots

FollowingthesuccessinKaraikudiandKazhugumalailocations,withthesupportofTourismministry,theprogrammehasbeenexpandedtoTheerthamalaiinDharmapuridistrict,DevipattinaminRamnadDistrictandThirupudaimaruthurinThirunelveliDistrictofTamilNadu.TheregularVTDCmechanismshavebeenensured.Theactivitygroupspromotedforthispurposehadbeenstrengthenedbyprovidingvariouscapacitybuildingprogramme,opportunity

inmarketlinkageandHospitalityservices.CommunityledMultiYearMicroPlanshavebeenpreparedfortheselocations.Promotionalfilmsandbrochureshavebeenmadefordissemination.Toprovidenecessaryorientationtofoodandfolkactivitygroups,aspecialworkshopandexposurevisitswereorganizedfor60membersinthreelocations.

Tourism Promotion

PongalfestivalswerecelebratedinThirumalpuramvillageofMaduraiDistrictandNatarasankottaivillageinSivagangaiDistrictinvolvingthedistrictadministrationtopromoteruraltourismandheritage.Heritage-walkswereorganisedtosensitizethepublicontheimportanceofconservationandprotectionoflittleknownheritagesites.AspecialbrochureonMaduraiHeritagewalkwithallhistoricalandArcheologicalinformationinTamilandEnglishhasbeenprepared.

DevelopmenttourswereorganisedfortheparticipantsfromtheNetherlands,Canada,Nepal,andCeylon,JapanandUSA.StudentsfromMaduraiKamarajUniversitywereorientedonChettinaduheritage.

Aworkshopon‘TourismbasedLivelihoods:EmergingOpportunities’wasorganisedwithparticipantsfromvariousstakeholdersliketravelindustry,archaeologists,academicians,students,hostcommunities,villagePanchayats,tourismSHGs.

AspartofpromotingTourismandheritageliteracyamongthestudents,aMOUwasenteredwithFatimaCollege,Maduraitoadoptandstrengthentheheritageconservation.

AninstitutionallinkagehasbeenmadewiththePostalTrainingCentre,Maduraitopromotetourismliteracyamongtheirstafftraineesonhistory,heritage,culture,anditsconservation,responsibletourisminitiatives.TheprogrammeteamalsoparticipatedintheIndianHeritageCitiesNetWork(IHCN)meetorganizedbyUNESCOatMysoreandrepresentedintheannualmeetofTamilNaduarchaeologicalsociety.


Centres for IntegrationTheCentralofficeplaystheintegrationroleacrossthemes,geographiclocations,andfunctionsthroughinnovativeintegratingmechanismsandevents.Itprovidesstrategicsupporttothethematicinstitutionspromotedbyit.TheCentralOfficealsocoordinatesresourcemobilisationanditsmanagement,strategicplanning,policyadvocacyathigherlevels.DHANhasanumberofintegratingmechanismssuchasStrategicForum,ConsultativeForum,retreat,taskforcesandworkinggroupsforspecificpurposes.Besidesbringinginacommonculture,visionamongallthemembers,thesemechanismshelpbuildcollectiveleadership.

AlltheProgrammeleaders,RegionalCoordinatorsandanchorsoftheCentreshavemetattheMonthlyInstitutionalDevelopmentandIntegrationMeetings(MID-AIM)toreviewoperationalissuesandplansandtoworkoutmechanismsforintegrationacrossthemesandinstitutions.Knowledgebuildingworkshopswereorganisedonselectthemeswiththem.TheConsultativeForummettwiceduringtheyear.IthasreviewedalltheprogrammesofDHANcollective.TheStrategicForummetseveraltimesduringtheyeartoreviewthegrowthandsetthedirectionsforit.

ThefourteenthannualretreatwasorganisedintheNaryanamoorthyCenterforExcellence,Mysore.ThesecondversionoftheretreatwasorganisedatVivekanandaKendra,Kannyakumari.BoththeretreatsfocusedonstrategicplanningfortheDHANCollective.Intensivesub-groupprocessesfacilitatedbyDr.G.K.JayaramanfromInstituteofLeadershipandInstitutionalDevelopment.TheretreatprovidedleadstothestrategicforumofDHANtoworkonvision,mission,goalsandstrategiesforDHANfornextfiveyears.ItwouldbedoneatmultiplelevelsandfinalisedinSeptember2012.

ThefifteenthFoundationdayofDHANwascelebratedonOctober2nd,2011inMadurai,andalltheregionalheadquartersinotherstates.Dr.TrilochanSastry,BoardmemberandDeanofIIMBfacilitatedadialoguesessiononfarmingandfarmbasedlivelihoods,andMr.V.Vivekanandan,ConvenerofNationalCoastalProtectionCampaigndialoguedonfutureoffisherylivelihoods.


Centre for Human Resource Development

HumanResourceDevelopmentisoneofthecorepurposesofDHANFoundationwhichattractsandgroomsprofessionalstoworkatthegrassroots.TheCentreforHumanResourceDevelopment(CHRD)createsopportunityfordevelopmentprofessionalstopursuedevelopmentcareeraswayoflife.Itbuildsculture,commitmentandcompetencywithintheindividualsinordertodeliverbesttothepoorcommunities.Thecentreensuresastructuredgrowthpathfortheprofessionals.Italsopreparesthemtooccupyleadershipspacesandanchornewdevelopmentthemes.TheseniorDHANiteswhoactasfieldguidesprovidelearningopportunityforthedevelopmentprofessionalsindevelopmentwork.

Thecentreworkscloselywiththeacademicinstitutionstobuildperspectivesondevelopmentforthestudentcommunity.TheCentreorganiseswiderexposuretothestaffatnationalandinternationallevelforacontinuedstudyonadvancementsintheirrespectivefieldofpractice.Itworkstowardsbuildinginstitutionalculturewithinthestaffthroughstructuredinstitutionaleventsandthroughfull-fledgedmentor-menteemechanisms.

Theselectionprocessforprofessionalandsupportstaffisgettingrefinedatperiodicalintervalsbasedonthenatureoftheinstitutionalrequirementandtheprofileofthecandidates.Duringthereportingperiod,202staffhavebeenplacedacrosstheinstitutionofthem43areprofessionals,151aresupportstaff,threeareprogrammeofficersandfiveareconsultants.

AninductionceremonyforDHANiteswasheldatthe15thFoundationDaycelebrations.FortyDHANiteswereinducted.Theywerealsogivenanorientationonfinancialmanagementtobuildthemwithnecessaryskillsandattitudesneededforeffectivemanagement.

Ateamof44DHANitesrecruitedforlocationsinMaharashtrawasofferedaninstitutional

orientationtosocialisetheminDHAN.Theyworkedinsub-groupstodiscussonpracticeinstitutionalcorevalues.

InassociationwithTata-DhanAcademy,aDevelopmentManagementProgramme(DMP)onenhancingmanagerialcommunication(EMC)wasorganisedfortwobatchesofprojectexecutivesbenefiting24staff.Thisprogrammefocusedonpreparingtheprojectexecutiveswithwritten,spoken,andnon-verbalcommunication.

ADevelopmentManagementAppreciationProgramme(DMAP)wasorganisedinassociationwithTata-DhanAcademyforthe15newlygraduatedprojectexecutives.Theprogrammefocusedonenablingtheparticipantstoconnecttheirworkswithdevelopmentperspectives,buildingconceptualisationandanalyticalskills.

Teamleadersandprogrammeleaders,whoareatthesecondlineortopmanagementlevels,havegotopportunitiestoparticipateinvariousworkshopandseminarsatthenationalandinternationallevels.Theparticipationinsucheventshelpedthemtopositiontheinstitutionandalsotoderiveinsightsforfurtheradvancementofthematicareas.Inadditiontothis,anorientationonteambuildingwasgivenforthenewlygraduatedseniorexecutives.

Internshipandexposurevisitwasfacilitatedforthecandidatesfromvariousinstitutionsbasedontheirneedandrequest.TwentyfourB.Tech(Horticulture)studentsfromTNAUhavevisited


theinstitutionaspartofRAWE(RuralAgricultureWorkExperiencetounderstandthevariousdimensionsofpovertyinapoorfamily.StudentsformSriSathyamCollegeofSocialWork,Raichur,Karnataka;AnnaUniversityandBharathidhasanInstituteofManagement,TamilNaduhavevisited

DHANtounderstandtheissuesaroundwhichDHANisworkingandtheimpactofinitiativestakentoaddressthem.Fiveinternsandthreevolunteersfromothercountrieshavevisitedtheinstitutionandtookupvariousassignments.

DHAN People Academy

DHANFoundation’scommunityorganisingstrategiesarecenteredonbuildingcapacitiesofleaders,membersandstaff.TheFoundationinvestssubstantialresourcestopromotetheleadershipincollectivebodiesofpeople.DhanPeopleAcademy(DPA)wasinitiatedtoprovidelearningenvironmentforthestaffandpeoples’leaders.Withthewell-furnishedtraininginfrastructure,theAcademydevisesappropriatepedagogytofacilitatelearning,buildingontheexperienceavailable,andparticipant–centerededucation.TheAcademyworksinpartnershipwithacademicandtraininginstitutesoncommoninterests.

TheDPAorganisesexposurevisitstoencouragecrosslearningofbestpractices,conflictresolution,andworkshopsandseminarstohelpthepeople’sleaderssharetheirexperiencesandbuildtheirperspective.Need-basedcertificateprogrammesanddistancelearningprogrammesaredesignedandofferedbytheDPA.TrainersTrainingsareorganizedonvariousthemes.CustomizedtrainingsarealsoofferedtotheotherNGOsandPeoples’Organisationsondemand.TheDPAfacilitatessettingupofCommunityColleges–LivelihoodInitiativewithFunctionalEducation(LIFE)toprovideavarietyoflocation-specificandtailor–madelivelihoodskillbuildingprogrammesfortheyouthsfromthepoorfamilies.

Duringthisyear,trainingsonmicrofinancewereprovidedto504people,andanother303peopleweretrainedonwaterprogramme.AtotaloffivebatchesofMovementworkerstrainingwereorganised.Trainers’Trainingonself-regulationwasorganisedfortworegionsandanothertworegionsweretrainedonlivelihoodsskillbuilding.

ThroughLIFECentres1012youthsgotvariousskilltrainings,manyofthemwereabletogetemployedlocally.IncollaborationwithIGNOUunderCommunityCollegeScheme410studentsenrolledtovariousdiplomaandcertificateprogrammes.DAHNPeopleAcademyoffersaDiplomainPanchayatManagementcourse.Thisyearatotalof464studentsenrolledand368studentscompletedthecourse.

TheAcademyorganisedtwopeopleconventionsaspartoftheMaduraiSymposium2011.OneoftheconventionsfocusedonsynthesizinglearningfromIGNOUsponsoredcommunitycolleges,andanotherconventionfocusedonmicrofinance.

Morethan100peoplefromotherNGOssuchasSERP,PEDO,SEVAMANDIRandMAVIMhaveundergoneexposurecumtrainingprogrammefacilitatedbytheAcademy.Atrainers’trainingonfinancialliteracyforNGOswasorganisedthroughINAFIIndia.

Trainingmanualsongovernance,agriculture,post-rehabilitationoftanksandparticipatoryappraisaltechniqueswerepreparedtoaidthetrainingsorganisedbytheAcademy.


Centre for Finance TheCentreforFinanceisanintegralpartofthecentraloffice,collatingfinancialfunctionsacrossprogrammes,centresandthematicorganisationsoftheDHANCollective.TheCentreplacesgreateremphasisonbuildingatransparentandfool-prooffinancialmanagementsystematalllevels.TheCentreevolvesfinancialpoliciesfortheFoundationandotherInstitutionsinDHANCollectiveandPeoplesOrganisations.Itensuresonlineaccountingsystemwiththesupportofaccountingsoftwarepackagesandbuildsthecapacityofaccountantsandfinancemanagersforit.

Duringthisyear,theCentreforFinancefacilitatedexternalauditofDHANFoundationandotherorganisationsinDHANCollectivesuchasKalanjiamFoundationandDHANVayalagam(Tank)Foundation,peoplepromotedorganisationsuchasKalanjiamDevelopmentFinancialServices,PeopleMutualsandKalanjiamThozhilagamlimited.

TheCentrealsoanchoredQualityAssuranceAudit(QAA)topreparetheinstitutionsinDHANCollectivestartingfromFederationstopreparetheaccountsfortheexternalaudit.TheCentrehaspreparedandsentguidelineofinternalauditandexternalaudittoallthelocationstoenable

completionofaudit.TheCentrehasfacilitateddonorauditsfromHindustanUnileverLimited,EuropeanUnion,ICTRuralDevelopmentTrust,andprojectssuchasCAIMandNAIP.AnewsystemofRegionalAuditPanelhasbeenintroducedtotakeupregularfinancialreviewofregions.ImprovementsweremadeintheaccountingsoftwarepackagessuchasFASTandDHANAMtosuitsthechangingneeds.

AsasecretariatforthePurchaseandFinanceCommittees,theCentrefacilitatedapprovalofallthepurchases.Theconstructionofbuildingwasdonethroughatenderprocess.TheFinanceCommitteeapprovesthepurchasesworthaboveRs.2lakhs.

TheCentrehasorganisedaNationallevelAuditor’sworkshopatMadurai,whichfocusedonaccountingandauditingofDHANCollectiveinstitutions,legalaspectsandmutualityconceptsrelatedtoNGOsector.Theworkshopbroughtoutnewunderstandingandpracticesfortheauditprocess.AnAccountingManualsfortheNGOsauthoredbyM/SSunandaandSheshadriwasreleasedattheworkshop.ThebookcoversincometaxappealsprocedureonNGOs,accountingstandardsforNGO,accountingpractices.

Centre for Facilitating PhilanthropyTheCentreforFacilitatingPhilanthropyhasbeensetuptocreatemeaningfulopportunitiesthroughsystematicallysensitizingthesocialresponsivenessamongthedifferentstakeholdersinthesociety.ThecoreareasofworkforthecentrearepromotingphilanthropywiththemembersofthepoorcommunitiesthatDHANisworkingwith,engagingthegeneralpublicindevelopmentworkinamoremeaningfulway,buildingcorporatepartnershipsforsocialdevelopment,settingupFriendsofDHANnetworksinothercountriestosupportDHAN’swork.

TheCentreorganised19WalkathoneventstosensitisethepubliconClimateChangeAdaptation

inthreestatesofTamilNadu,AndhraPradeshandKarnataka.Byorganisingtheseevents,relationshipwiththelocalpublicandprivateorganisations,whoarethepotentialdonors,couldbeestablished.ThishashelpedDHANtogetpositionedinthelocations.


TheDirectorateofEnvironment,GovernmentofTamilNadusupportedDHANandFederationsfororganisingtheanti-plasticcampaignin16districtsofTamilNadutothetuneof3.6million.Asanoutcomeofthewalkathon,theadministrationofVishakhapatnamMunicipalCorporationhasrecommendedDHANparticipationinClimateChangeConferenceinHowrah.TheCentrecoordinatedreleaseoffundsandcompletionofprojectsfor11Ooranis,alsofollowedup

forcompletionofthecommittedprojectsandreportingtheprogresstothedonors.

TheCentreprovidesoperationalsupportfortheDHAN-KarunaiIllamatNilakottai,TamilNadu,whichissupportedbyKarunaiIllamTrust,NewZealand.ThisyeartheKarunai-DhanNurseryandPrimarySchoolobtainedrecognitionfromtheSchoolEducationDepartmentofTamilNadu.ProgresshasbeensharedtotheTrust.Stepsweretakentoinitiateschoolbuildingconstruction.

Centre for Development CommunicationTheCentreforDevelopmentCommunicationfacilitatesdocumentationanddisseminationoffieldlearningwithinandoutsidetheorganisationinbothprintandaudiovisualformatsforinformationsharingandadvocacy.TheCentresupportsthePeople’sOrganisationstosetupandruncommunitymediacentreswiththecombinationofcommunityradio,videoandwebbasedtechnologies.IthasalsopromotedaForumforDevelopmentJournaliststomakethemsee,reflectandwriteonissuespertainingtodevelopment.TheCentrealsoundertakesthematiccampaignscombiningdigitalandfolkmediaforfosteringBehaviouralChangeCommunication.

TheCentreforDevelopmentCommunicationproducedvideodocumentariesonDHAN’sfieldexperiencesforwiderdissemination.TheCentre

alsobroughtoutannualreports,promotionalmaterials,postersandbookletsneededfortheprogrammesinDHAN.AlsoitmanagesthewebsitesforDHANandinstitutionswithinDHANCollective,duringthisyearwebsitesfortheAlternativeMFSummitandSmallMilletProjectwerecreatedexclusivestopositionthem.


Centre for Policy and Planning

TheCentreforPolicyandPlanninghasbeensetuptosupporttheprogrammesandinstitutionsoftheDHANCollectivesothattheyevolve,developandmodifytheirpoliciesandplanstofulfilltheiraims.Itprovidesframeworksandtoolkitstotheprogrammesinplanning,reviewandmonitoringperformanceinlinewiththeperspectiveplanofDHANCollective.Itworkswiththeprogrammesforadvocatingpro–poorpoliciesbyhelpingthemundertakestudiesandpolicyresearch;organisepolicyseminars,publishpolicybriefsandpolicynotesonspecificissuesonrespectivethemes.ItalsoensuresgendermainstreamingintheDHANCollectivebybuildinggenderperspectivesamongthestaffthroughcapacitybuildingprogrammes,evolvingandassessinggenderpoliciesinpractice.

TheCentrehaspreparedatoolkittoaidstrategicplanningexercisecarriedoutbytheDHANFoundationandcirculatedittoprogrammesandregionswithinDHAN.Tomonitorthegenderfocusacrossalltheprogrammesasystemformonitoring

ofgender,theCentrehasprovidedgendermonitoringindicatorstotheprogrammes.

UnderPolicyBriefseries,11theditionofbriefonFarmPondsforEnhancingFoodSecuritywaspublishedandsharedwiththesecretariesandheadsofrelevantministriesanddepartmentsinTamilNaduGovernment.Thisbriefdealswiththeneedforinclusionof“FarmPonds”inthewatersheddevelopmentandallieddevelopmentprogrammesforitscompleteimplementation.

TheseventheditionofthefestivalfocusingonLivelihoodsandPovertywasorganised.Therewerefilmsfrommanypartsofthecountry,includingcountriessuchasFrance,Portugal,SouthAfrica,MozambiqueandEngland.TwelvefilmswereshortlistedandscreenedscreeningatthefestivalorganisedatMadurai.Threefilmswereawarded.

TheKalanjiamCommunityRadioinNagapattinamprovidedsupporttotwoothercommunityradiostationsrunbyfarmers’federationsinKottampatty

andPunganur.Explorationshavebeenstartedforpromotingsevenmorestationswithotherpeoples’organisationsinDHANCollective.

TheMediadivisionoftheCentrehasprovidedneededsupporttoalltheprogrammesandeventsorganisedbyDHANCollectiveInstitutionstogetvisibilityintheprintandelectronicmediathroughorganisedpressmeets,mediatoursandpressreleases.Thesuccessstoriesfromthefieldwerefeaturedinthemedia.

ThefolkloreresourceunitintheCentrehastakenupcampaignsforTourismprogramme,rainfedfarmingdevelopmentprogramme,KalanjiamProgrammein20districts,and209villages/slums.OverOnelakhpeopleparticipatedinthecampaign.Elevenprofessionalculturaltroupeswereemployedtotakeupthesecampaigns.Thematictrainingswereprovidedtoover118artistesonstreettheatreandfolklorearts.


Centre for Research

TheCentreforResearchfacilitatesfield-basedresearchonissuescommontothesectorandtheFoundation.Itundertakessectoralresearchonmicrofinance,tank–fedagricultureandotherruralandurbandevelopmentissuesinadditiontotakingupimpactstudiesofDHANprojectsinordertobuildupaknowledgebaseforthesector.TheCentrefacilitatesmicro–studiesandaction–researchontheissuesconcerningthemtocomeoutwithoperationalsolutionstoimprovetheperformance.Itworkswitheducationalandresearchinstitutions,anduniversitiesoncommonresearchintereststoexchangeexpertiseandtobringacademicrigourtotheresearchoutcomes.

TheCentrehastakenupanassignmentfromtheCommissionerateofMunicipalAdministration(CMA)forpreparingCityHumanDevelopmentReportforMaduraiandSalemMunicipalCorporations.InterimreportshavebeensharedwiththeCommissionerate.

TheCentreconductedadiagnosticstudyonthefunctioningofPrimaryAgriculturalCooperativesocieties(PACS)andJointLiabilityGroups(JLGs)inMadurai,ThirunelveliandSalemdistricts.Atotalof60PACSweresampledandthestudyisinprogress.Italsofacilitatedtwointernshipprojects.OneoftheinternsevolvedaPanchayatsettlementplan,contextbasedtoilets,housingforpoorandheritageproject.Anotheronestudiedefficientutilisationofenergyinsettlementsinruralandurbancontexts.

Aframeworkforpolicyreviewonsmallmilletshasbeenprepared.Adetailedpolicyreviewwasdonebyanalysingtheexistingpoliciesonsmallmilletsintheareasofcultivation,consumptionandconservationatnationalandstatelevel.APolicySeminaron“ApplicationofTankSiltonAgriculturalLandstoimproveSoilHealthandProductivity:Scope,PracticeandChallenges”wasorganisedatAnnaUniversityinassociationwiththeVayalagamProgramme.Expertsinthe

relatedfieldattendedtheseminar,deliberatedandbroughtrecommendations.

Apresentationon“technologicalinnovationstomeettheneedsofwomeninagriculture”wasmadeduringtheGlobalConferenceonWomeninAgricultureatNewDelhi.TheCentrepresentedthegenderimpactstudydonebyitonDr.MuthulakshmiReddyMaternityassistanceSchemeandSGSYschemetotheViceChairpersonoftheStatePlanningCommission.Recommendationsrelevanttothecurrentguidelinesaretobemadewithpracticalsuggestionstothegovernment.

TheCentrecontinuedtoassisttheIFADassistedPostTsunamisustainableLivelihoodsProjectwiththesupporttoimplementationteamsforlivelihoodmicroplan,businessandfinancialplanningandanalysis.


ParticipatorypovertyassessmentonlivelihoodclassificationandgraduationwascarriedoutinbothurbanandruralKalanjiamProgrammelocations.TheCentretookupamicrostudyonthestatusofhousewaterconnectionsinslumsandnon-slumsofMaduraiCorporation.SimilarlyamicrostudyonhomelessinSalemcityandanotherstudyonthefunctioningofcommunitytoiletinMaduraicityweretakenupbytheCentreduringthisyear.

Impact


Combating desertification through increased water harvesting*

TheMaduraibasedNGO,DevelopmentforHumaneAction(DHAN)FoundationinpartnershipwithOxfam-Novib,theNetherlandscarriedoutaEUR1,051,374projecttocombatdesertificationthroughincreasedwaterharvestinginthecoastalareasofthedistrictsofTuticorin,Ramanathapuram,Pudhukottai,ThanjavurandNagapattinamintheIndianstateofTamilNadu.Theprojectwasforthreeyears,thatis1stJanuary,2009to31stDecember,2011.

Project Objectives

TheprojectwasincontinuationofDHAN’sinterventionaftertheTsunamiof2004thatseverelyaffectedthecoastaldistrictsofTamilNadu.Theprojectsoughttocontributetoincreasedfoodandenvironmentalsecurityindroughtpronecoastalareas.Specifically,itsoughttoincreasewaterharvestinganddiminishdesertificationinthefivedistrictsmentionedabovethroughconservationandmanagementofwaterharvestingstructuresandstrengthenwatermanagementbythecommunity.Thetargetparticipantsweresmallandmarginalfarmers,landlessandwomen,majoritybelongingtoDalit(ScheduledCaste)groups,whohavehitherto

beenexcludedfromstatedevelopmentprojects.Theobjectivewassoughttoberealisedbyorganisingtheseunorganisedpeopleintowaterusersassociations(Vayalgam),formedaroundtherenovatedwaterbodiesandwomen’sgroups(Kalanjiam)forsavingsandcreditaswellaspromotionofmicro-enterprises.Theseassociationsarefederatedatappropriatelevels.Thefinalbeneficiariesweresmallholderagriculturalists/farmersandwomen.

Targets

Twogenerictypesofwaterbodiesweresoughttoberejuvenatedorconstructed.Thesewerea)communityownedtanksandvillageponds(fordomesticuseanddrinkingwater)andb)individuallyownedfarmponds.Thetargetswererenovating83tanks,covering2688hectares,benefiting6640farmers,37villagepondsbenefiting7400householdsandexcavating1050farmpondstoirrigate425hectaresbenefiting900householdsacrossthefivedistricts

Evaluation Process and Methodology

Inahighlyparticipatoryexercise,involvingtheDHANstaff,theevaluatorstraveledacrossthe

1ThisevaluationissupportedandguidedbytheEuropeanCommissionandpresentedbyAmitMitraandRamaswamySakthivadivel.ThereportdoesnotnecessarilyreflecttheviewsandopinionsoftheEuropeanCommission.

Stories from the Grassroots


districtsinteractingwithvillagersandprojectparticipants,menandwomen.TheevaluationsystematicallyfocusedonthefollowingDACevaluationcriteria:relevance,effectiveness,efficiency,impactandsustainability,pluscoherenceandaddedvaluespecifictotheCommission.Genderwasacrosscuttingthemethroughouttheevaluation.

Main Findings

Attheoutset,ithastobesaidthatonthewholetheevaluatorswereveryimpressedwithwhattheysawandtheprofessionalefficiencyofDHAN.Theresponseofthepeoplewhoparticipatedintheprojectwasoverwhelminglypositiveanditwasclearthattheprocessandtheprojectwereownedbythem,withDHANactingasfacilitators.Whatwasallthemoreimpressivewasthatalltargetswereexceeded:85tanks,benefiting9113farmersandirrigating2850ha,41villagepondsreachingoutto8269farmersand1074farmpondsirrigating476haandbenefiting914householdsagainstthesettargets.Thisalonemakestheinterventionextremelyrelevantandimportantinthecontextoftheissuesrelatingtodrylandcoastalagricultureandwatermanagementinthefaceofclimatechange.

Theevaluationteamfoundthattheproblemanalysisandsocialtargettingisveryrelevant.Ithaslocal,regional,nationalandglobalsignificanceintermsofa)targettingthepoorandchangingtheirsituationb)buildingupclimatechangeresiliencec)arrestingdistressmigration,andd)creatingself-sufficientcommunities,whoaddresstheirproblemsthroughvibrantdemocraticorganizationsthatalsotackletheendemiccorruptioninSouthAsiancountries.Inthisproject,24638householdshavebeenorganisedinto222associations(73tankassociations,41pondassociations,108SHGs).Alltheseassociationshavetheirowngoverningbodiesselectedbyitsmembersandallthemembersmeetaccordingtotheneed.Itmustbeaddedthatitisonlybecauseofthehighqualityofthelessonslearntfromthepastpracticesthatsomanyorganisationscould

beformedinsuchashortperiodmoresosinceallthesehouseholdshadneverbeeninvolvedinanorganisationearlierandweredividedalongvariouslines,includingcaste,religionandaffiliationwithnumerouspoliticalparties.Thesuccessoftheinterventioncanbeattributed,theexternalevaluatorsfelt,toDHAN’sbasicphilosophyofworkingthroughinstitutionsofthepoor.Toensuretheirinvolvement,thevillageparticipantshavetopay25percentoftheestimatedcostsupfront.However,theevaluationfoundthatthiswasexceededby100percentinmanycasesthanwhatthepeoplehadoriginallypromised.Awomanmobilizedemigrantsfromhervillagetocontributetotheconstructionofthepond.Villagersalsopointedoutthatvisitinggovernmentofficialsestimatethecoststobeatleast100-200percentthanwhatwasactuallyspent.Alltheworkshavebeenexecutedverytransparently,followinganelaborateprocessofscrutinybyDHANstaff,accomplishedprofessionalswithmorethanadecade’sexperienceandtheassociationmembers.

Impacts

Twokindsofimpactswerevisibleinthefield.

Physical Impacts

Apartfromtheincreaseinirrigationcover,anadditional320haofhithertorainfedlandsbeingbroughtunderirrigation,8269householdshavedomesticanddrinkingwatersecurityroundtheyearforthemselvesandtheirlivestock.Additionally,thedurationofwateravailabilityhasincreasedintheprojectareasbytwo-threemonths.Thestorageofwaterhasincreasedby


7,000to10,000cubicmeters.Thefarmproductionhascrossedover2to2.5/hatonsintheprojectarea.In73projectvillages,farmersharvestedcropssuccessfullyafterrenovation.Farmersinninevillageshavecultivatedsecondcropaftertherenovation.60,921livestockpopulationdirectlyaccesswaterfromtheirrigationtanksandthelivestockpopulationwasfoundtobeincreased.Inmanyplaces,villagersareengaginginpisci-culture.InonevillagetheevaluationteamfoundthatthisalonegeneratedaprofitofRs75,000insixmonths.

Social Impacts

Thefirstdiscerniblesocialimpactoftheinterventionisthetremendousboostinself-confidenceamongstthevillagers,bothmenandwomen.ThesepeoplehadbeenneglectedhithertobydevelopmentprocessesandnowthankstotheprojectandDHANfeelthattheycandothings,solvetheirownproblems.Insomeofthevillagesvisited,anecdoteswerenarratedonhowthelocalofficialswerequestionedandaccountabilitysoughtfromthem.Drinkinganddomesticwatersecurityhasnotonlyreducedthedrudgeryofthewomenandchildrenwhousedtogolongdistancestofetchwater,butithasalsoenhancedschool

attendance.Thelevelsofpersonalhygienehavegoneupinallagegroups.

Intermsofpolicy,theprojecthasinfluenceddistrictcollectorswhonowarewillingtoallowthepracticeofusingtheexcavatedsilttorenovatevillageroadsorfilluplowlyinglandswithinthevillage.However,lowerofficialswillhavetobemotivatedtobemoreaccountableandtransparent.ItisinthissensethattheformationofassociationsandtheirdemandingaccountabilitybecomesasolutiontotheissueofendemiccorruptionprevalentinSouthAsia.

Theentireregionismarkedbyhighlevelsofgenderinequality.However,DHANhasmadeadentinthisbyinvolvingwomenindecisionmakingandalsothroughtheformationofKalanjiams.

Lessons for Replication

Manylessonscanbederivedfromtheproject,itsimplementationandimpacts.Someoftheimportantonesare:

Technological

Reviving/renovatingorconstructingwaterbodiesinthecoastalareaswiththeactiveparticipationofthelocalpeople,includingwomen,isthebestwayofconservingthescarcewaterresourcesandcombatingtheadverseeffectsofclimatechangeanddesertification.Italsohelpsalleviatepovertyandcheckmigration.

Intheactualprocessesofrejuvenation,revivingthesupplychannelsisasimportantasstrengtheningthebundsandexcessdischargechannelsandweirs.

Appropriatelyplantingtreesinandaroundtherenovatedwaterbodiesiscrucial,asisfencingthepondsandotherwaterbodieswherenecessary.Buildingstepstoleaddowntothedrinking/domesticwaterpondsisimportant.

Social Processes

Itiscriticaltorouteallsuchinterventionsthroughappropriatelyformedinstitutionsofthepoor,


keepinginmindgenderequityconcerns.Whiletraining,handholdingisessential,thepeople’sinstitutionshavetobeallowedspacetogrowandmaketheirowndecisions.Effectively,thetrainingmethodsthenhavetobeandragogical,thatisbuildingupontheexistingknowledgeofthepeopleandcombiningitwiththebestincontemporaryknowledgesystems.Thisentailsa)notinstrumentalisingpeoplebytheformationofactivityorientedgroupsthatcollapseoncetheprojectgetsoverandintheprocess,b)recognisingthewomenandmenascompletesocialbeings,embeddedinparticularsocialstructures.Ultimately,thisinvolvessettingupofaruleoflaw,andadheringtoit.Inthisparticularcase,theassociationsformtheirownrulesandregulationsdemocraticallyandfollowthem.DHANmerelyplaystheroleofafacilitator.

Effectivelytheninsteadoffollowingatargetorientedapproach,inprojectssuchasthese,aprocessorientationisneeded.Thelatterensuresfulfillingprojectobjectivesandtargetsandensuresthesustainabilityoftheachievements.

Conclusions and Recommendations

Thereisnodoubtthattheinterventionsarecosteffective,focusonhighqualitystandardsandempowerthepeoplesufficientlytodealwithcontractorsandsoon.Thecosteffectivenesstooisimpressive.Takinga10yearperiod,theevaluationteamcalculatedacostbenefitratioof1:8.5Allthiswaspossibleduetothecommunitybasedapproach,transparencyandhighlevelsofcommitmentandprofessionalismoftheDHANstaff.Theincreasedwaterharvestinghasledtomanygains,includingbettercropproductivity,watersecurity,bettersocialrelations,communalharmonyandbreakingofcasteandgenderbarriers.TheinterventionsaresustainableastheyareownedbythecommunitywhocombineindigenousknowledgeandnativewisdomwiththecontemporarytechnologiesgivenbyDHAN.

Threeyearsistooshortaperiodforaprojectofthisdimension,yetthegroundhasbeenverywelllaid.Inthelongrun,DHANandthepeople’s

institutionswillhavetopayattentiontothefollowing:

" Theassociationsremovesilteveryyear.Mostvillagepondsneedscompleterejuvenationafter10to12yearsofoperationbecauseofthedepositionofsilt,detergentandothermaterialsdepositedinthevillagepond.Thiswouldneedfundsandresourcesthatmaybebeyondthecapacityofthelocalpeople,giventhefallingreturnstoagriculturalcommodityproduction.Whiletheassociationsthathavebeenformedarewellembeddedinothervillagelevelinstitutions,likethoseformedunderthePanchayatiRajsystem,theissueiswhetherthelatterwillfundtherenovation.Thismightnecessitatechangesinstatepolicies.

" Somelevelofregulationofthecropsand/ortheareathatarecultivatedmaybenecessaryinfuture.Withtheavailabilityofwater,farmersgenerallytendtogrowwaterintensivecrops.Thewaterrequirementmightexceedtheamountofwaterthatisharvested.Ideally,DHANcouldselectafewvillagesinthethreeagro-ecozonesthattheprojectareaissituatedinandcarryoutacomprehensivewateraudit.

" Withagroinputpricesrisingandtheremunerationthatfarmersgetfortheircropsfalling,theprofitmarginsaregettingincreasinglylower.Thisnecessitatesusinglowexternalinputsustainableagricultural(LEISA)practicesononehandandincreasingcropproductivity(intermsoflabour,landandwaterunits)ontheother.Measureslikecomposting,usingfarmyardmanure,mulchingneedtobepromotedalongwithlowcostindigenousdripirrigationmethods.Also,plantingtreesontheforeshoreandonthebundsoftanksandpondsandsustainingthemwithproperprotectionwillhavetobepromoted(manyofthefarmersseemedtobereluctanttodosoontheapprehensionthatitwouldbeeatenawaybystraycattles.However,suchtreeswouldcertainlypreventevaporationfromthewaterbodies.Scientificplantingcouldactuallyincreasetheproductivityoftanksandponds.DHANhas


manycompetentagronomyexpertsamongstitsstaff.Overtime,theywillhavetodealwiththeseissues.

" Withwater,milletandothercoarsegrainsarenotpreferredascomparedtocashcrops,loweringthenutritionlevelsofthepeople.Thishastobediscouragedwithpropercropplanningandcroppingcalendar.

" InsomeofthefarmpondsinNagapattinam,theolddrainagechannelssupplyingwatertothefarmpondswouldneedattentionastheyareinastateofdisrepair.

" Inallthesitesvisited,disposalofpolythenebagsisamajorproblem.Notonlydotheybecomerefuseheaps,addingtothehealthproblemsofthepeople,theyposeadangertothecattletoo.Theassociationsneedtobemadeawareofhealthproblemsandshouldbeencouragedtolaunchcampaignsintheirvillagestobantheuseofsuchbags.

" Asindicatedearlier,genderinequalityisamajorcharacteristicofthisarea.DHANhasattemptedtobringaboutachangeandhassucceededinmanyplacestograduallygetmentoacceptwomenasequals.However,amajorissuethatwasmentionedbywomeninalmostallthesitesvisitedisthatalongwithwaterandenhancedprosperity;statesponsoredalcoholismbegins,leadingtowastageandviolenceagainstwomenandchildren.Whilethestatecannotbepreventedfromopeningliquorshops,theassociationscanbemotivatedtotakeupsuchissues,giventheadverseimpactsongenderrelationsandalsothehealthofthepeople.Thegainsfromwaterharvestingshouldnotbeallowedtobeconvertedtogainsforthestatethroughalcoholism.Ofcourse,thisisnottosaythatallthefarmers/waterusersdrinkalcoholorhavebecomealcoholics.

" Infuture,andtheDHANpersonnelagree,theultimateusersofthedrinkingwaterponds,thatisthewomen,willhavetobeactivelyinvolvedinthedesigning,includingissueslikefencing,makingcement/concretestepsorattachingpulleystotheplatforms/wells.

" InstitutiondevelopmentasenvisagedbyDHANandimplementedinthefieldhastwo

welldefinedgroups:theKalanjiamsandtheVayalagams.Theformerhasonlywomenasmembers.Thesegroupsareinvolvedinsaving,lendingandenterprisedevelopment.IfafarmerwantstoborrowmoneyfromaKalanjiam,hiswomenkinmustbeamemberoftheSHG.ThiscreatespotentialproblemstoaccessthefinancesoftheKalanjiam.OntheotherhandunderVayalagamsformMicroFinanceGroup(MFG)inordertoaccesscredit.MostMFGscompriseofmenonly.Essentially,thetwokindsofcommunityinstitutionswillneedgreatersynergyinthelongrunsothatthetwo(KalanjiamsandtheVayalagams)workinunisontoattainfood,nutritionalandenvironmentalsecuritywithgenderandcasteequityinasituationofrapidclimatechange.PerhapsDHANcouldexperimentwiththeideaofmakingtheKalanjiammembersinavillage,membersoftheVayalagamsaswell.DependingonthecontributionthattheseKalanjiammembersmakeforagriculturalproduction,theyaregivenduecreditintermsofdecisionmaking,profitsharingandotheractivities.Suchanamalgamationmayleadtobetterutilisationoftheresourcesofthevillage,includingthemoneygeneratedbythewomenandultimatelyachievegenderequityatthelocallevelbygivingthewomengreatercontrolovertheproductiveresources.

" Ithastoberememberedthatthecommunityassociations(boththeVayalagamsandtheKalanjiams),federatedacrossalllevelsastheyare(andtwoFoundations,theVayalagamandtheKalanjiamformed)essentiallyconsistsofpoormarginalandsmallfarmerswhohithertohadbeenneglectedtotallybythestate.Asinthisproject,thegainshavebeentremendous.However,thefactremainsthatthesefarmers,whileunitedtomanagetheirresources,facethemarket(includingcredit,labour,agroinputsandmostimportantlythecropoutput)asindividuals.ThetimehascomeforDHANtobringinitsexperienceofworkingsayintheGulfofMannarwithfisherfolk,andfacilitatetheassociationstoenterthemarketasacollectiveandgetremunerativereturns


foritsoutputsaswellaswholesaleratesfortheinputs.Infact,thisalreadyexistsinNagapattinamdistrict,wherefarmerswereorganisedbyDHANinproducersgrouptomarkettheirproducecollectively.DHANwill,overtime,needtoextendthistootherprojectareas.

" DHANhasachievedremarkablesuccessincreatinginstitutionswhichareabletoachievetheirobjectivesintheshorttermwhenprojectsareimplementedinaprojectmode.Drawingonitsexperiencesinotherplaces,itwillhavetoworktowardsinstitutionaltransformationtoachievelongtermsustainabledevelopmentinthefaceofurbanisation,migration,climatechangeandcreatinggenderequity.AssociationsformedbyDHANelsewherearerunninghospitalsandschools.Inthelongrunthesewillhavetobetriedoutintheprojectarea,butappropriatelycontextualized.

" Theevaluationteamrecognisesthatitwouldhavebeencounter-productivetostartontheseissuesattheonsetoftheproject,asitwouldalienatethepeople.Moreover,tacklingsomeoftheseissuesrequiresalevelofmaturityoftheassociationsthatgoesmuchbeyondaprojectcycleofthreeyears.However,since

theprocesshasstartedintherightdirection,itishopedthatitwillbearresultsinthetimestocome.

" Theevaluationteamalsorecognizesthatrapidclimatechangeandthesheerunpredictabilityoftheweatherposesthebiggestthreattothesustainabilityoftheintervention.Butthen,itsubscribestoDHAN’sideologythatthelocalpeoplearethebestmanagersoftheirenvironmentandnaturalresourceslikewater,providedtheyareempoweredtodosoandaregiventhespace.ItisinthissensethatDHAN’smottooforganisingtheunorganisedbecomescritical.Theinstitutionsformedwill,inthelongrun,surelyadapttoclimatechange,giventhattheyarealreadydoingso.Theevaluationteamcameacrossnumerousexamplesofthis:changingthecropmix,changingthetimingsofplantingandsoon.However,theStatepolicyhastobechangedaccordinglyandDHANcouldusewelldocumentedexamplesfromthisprojecttolobbyforpolicychanges.Theassociationsformedareexemplarsofgoodgovernanceandaccountability,basedastheyareontheprinciplesoftransparencyandequity.DHANhastonowworktogetthestatetonotonlyacceptbutalsoactualizesuchprinciplesifpovertyeliminationbethegoal.


Back to Farming….

Madasamyliveswithhiswifeandthreechildren,inE.VelayudapuramvillageofTuticorindistrict.Farmersinthevillageareatthemercyofmonsoonandofflatethemonsoonwasagainsttheirwishes,makingagriculturea

unremunerativeoccupationforthem.Thevillageonanaveragereceiveslessthan600mm,thepatternofrainfalltoonotuniformovertherecentyears.Madasamywhoowned1.7hectareofland,leftituncultivatedforthepasttwoyearssincehewasnotconfidentofgettinggoodreturns,duetorepeatedcropfailuresduringtheearlieryears.MadasamyusedtocultivateBajraandSorghumandharvest5to6quintalsperacreandearnedaroundRs20000perannum.Goatrearingwashissecondaryoccupationwhichfetchedsomedecentincomeduringoff-season.

Madasamyfounditseffortsinagriculturedoesnotgiveproperreturns,thepreparatorycostand

costofcultivationconsumingthemajorshareofincomeandthusleavinghimwithverylessornoprofit.Alsowaterscarcityandincreasedlaborcostforcedhimtoleavehislanduncultivated.Goatrearingwastheonlysourceofincomeduringthepasttwoyears.“Agriculturewasthesourceofincomesincemyearlydaysandthesightofmylandbeingbarrenstartedtodisturbmysleeps.Also,fordaytodayexpense,Iwasforcedtodependonmychildren.Imadeupmymindtodoagricultureagain,butwassearchingforabetteroption.ItwasthentheTankfarmerscametomyrescue”saysMadasamy.

TheEuropeanUnionfundedprojectimplementedbyDHANFoundation,whichwaspromotingtankfarmersassociationextendeditssupporttoMadasamy,whoplacedarequestbeforethemforconstructingafarmpond.Hisapplicationwasscrutinized,fieldvisitsweremadeandMadasamywasgranted50%ofthetotalcostoftheprojectandtheremainingcostwasmetbyhim.InJuly,2011afarmpondwith1176cubicmeterswasestablished.

Madasamy, a small farmer living inE.Velayudapuramvillage ofTuticorinDistrict inTamilNadugaveupfarminginhis1.7hectaresoflandduetomonsoonfailures.Increasedcostof

cultivationmadehimtofeelitunproductive.PresentlyMadasami’sperceptionaboutagriculturewasdifferent.Heknowsthatwehavetoadaptourselvestothechangingenvironmenttocopeupwiththechallenges.Allthatoneneedisalittleguidanceandlotofcommitment.



Figure1:AftertheEstablishmentofFarmPond

Figure3:LabourersengagedinHarvestingChilies

Thefarmpondgotfilledwithwatertoitsentirecapacityinthemonsoonrainsthatfollowed.Madasamycultivatedchillycropintheentire1.7haofland.Thetotalcostincurredforseeds,landpreparationandsowingwasRs.17600.Heemployed10womenforsowingandtwomenforlandpreparation.HepaidRs.150perwomenforsowingandRs.300formen.Duringtheearlystageofthecrop,hehiredtwolaborersforirrigatingthecropusingwaterfromfarmpond.Theyusedtocarrywaterinpotsandirrigatethecrop.Inlatterstages,hehired60laborersforremovingweeds.Nearlyabout90person-daysofemploymentweregeneratedduetothisfarmpond.

Madasamygotaverygoodyieldof20.5quintalsfromhis1.7ha.Hesoldthematthemarketprice

ofRs.9,500perquintal.ThegrossincomeearnedbyMadasamywasaroundRs1.94lakhswithwhichhewascompletelysatisfied.“Myworriesgotvanished.Iwasnotonlyabletocultivatemylandagain,butalsomakeagricultureprofitablebyconstructingfarmpond”Madasamysaidwithfullofconfidenceandpride.SeeingthesuccessofMadasamy,manyotherfarmersinthevillagecameforwardtoestablishfarmpondsintheirlands.

Constructionoffarmpondisaverysmallinterventionwhichcandowonderstoafarmer’slifeandeventotheentirevillageeconomy.Farmpondscancombatdesertification,increasegroundwaterrecharge,contributetofoodsecurity,apartfromsupportingfarmersandagriculture.

Figure2:FarmPondFilledwithWater


Renovated Tank Supports Second Crop Cultivation

AgricultureisthemajorlivelihoodforthesmallandmarginalfarmingcommunitiesinSothrivayalvillagelocatedinAvudayarakovilblockofPudukottaidistrictinTamilNadu.Thetotalpopulationofthevillageis1250.Thevillagersbelongtoeitherbackwardormostbackwardcommunityandmostofthefarmershaveminimumornoeducation.Agriculture,thoughbeingtheprimaryoccupationofthevillagers,itsupportsthemonlyforfourmonthsbywayofemploymentandincome;forcingpeopletomigratetonearbytownsinsearchofalternateemployments.Survivalitselfhasbecomeastruggle,duetodecadeofinconsistentanddeficitrainfallpatterns.Youthnomorerelyonagricultureandtheirattitudetowardsagriculturehaschanged,astheyseeitasunreliablelivelihood.FarmersofSothrivayalvillagewerecultivatingonlysinglecropofpaddyforthepasttenyears.

Thevillagehasanirrigationtank,whichwasnotrenovatedforthepastfivedecades.Thewaterspreadareaofthetankis40hectaresanditirrigates56hectaresofland.Thetankbundwasveryweakandduetosiltation,thetankwasnotabletostorewatertoitspotential.Asthebundsofthetankswereveryweak,farmerswereabletostoreonlyshallowwaterinthetank;storageofwateruptothefulltanklevelmightresultinfloodingduetobreachofweaktankbunds.

DHANFoundationidentifiedthisvillagewithacuteirrigationproblemsthroughscreening.Thevillagerswereorientedonpeopleorganization;communitybasedwatermanagement,waterbodyanditscomponentsanddonorsoftheproject.Basedontheinitialorientationthelocalcommunitiescameforwardtopromoteanassociationtomaintainthewaterbody.Theynamedtheassociationas“SothrivayalTank

CoastalareasofPudukottaidistrictarehighlypronetowaterscarcityandcompletelyrainfed.Survivingasinglecrophasbecomeabigchallengeforthesmallandmarginalfarmers.Sothrivayal

isoneofthewater-starvedvillagesinAvudayarkovilblock.Theonlyirrigationtank,withweakbundsandpartlyfilledwithsiltinthewaterstoragearea,waspoorlymaintained.Thetotalirrigatedareashrunkfrom56hectaresto50hectares.Afterbuildingunityamongfarmersbyorganisingthemintoorganization,thevillagerssawachangeafter10years.Theweaktankwasrenovatedanditsupportedthesmallfarmerstocultivatesecondcrop,wherecultivationofevenasinglecropwasabigstruggle.ReadtheexperienceofSothrivayalvillagegivenbelow.



Farmersassociation”andtheorganizationwasconstitutedwiththerepresentationofvarioushouseholdsfromthevillage.TheyassessedthetankcomponentstoberenovatedwiththesupportofDHANFoundation.Basedontheassessmenttheydecidedtodeepenthetank,strengthenthetankbund,andremoveweedsinthetankwaterspreadarea.

TherenovationworkwasinitiatedintheyearAugust2010withtheinvolvementofthelocalcommunity.Itwasthefirsthandexperienceforthefarmerstoleadsuchconservationworks.Theyconstitutedacommitteetomonitortherenovation.TherenovationworksendedonSeptember2010.Aspartofrenovation,thesiltdepositedinthetankwasremovedandtheweakbundswerestrengthened.Post-renovationthefarmerswereabletocultivateandharvestpaddywithoutanywatershortagesandfailures.Farmerswereabletoirrigate56hectaresofland.

Earlier,thewateravailableinthetankswasonlysufficientforthefirstcrop.Postrenovation,sufficientvolumeofwaterwasavailableforthesecondcrop.Basedonthat,94farmersdecided

andcultivatedsecondcropin14hectaresofland.Inthepast10years,itwasthefirsttimethatthefarmershavetaken-upsecondcrop.

Thefarmersharvested70bags(Weightofeachbagis60Kilogram)ofpaddyperhectare(4.15tonsperhectare)andtotalpaddybagsharvestedin14hectaresoflandwas980(58.8tons).Thefarmerswhowereunabletogainprofitfromthefirstcropwereabletogainfromthesecondcrop.Theinterventionnotonlyincreasedtheincomeof94farmersbutalsotheemploymentopportunitiestothelandlessandpoorhouseholds.

Mr.Marimuthu,PresidentofSothirivayalTankassociationsaid,“Onlyaftertheharvestofthepaddycropandseeingtheyield,wewillbesureaboutthegainorloss.Untilthenwearenotguaranteed.Forthepast10years,westruggledalotwithlimitedwateravailabilityandshortages.Withtheweaktankbunds,wewereunablestorewatertothefulltanklevelandifthetankbundbreaches,thecropscultivatedwillbeinundated.Noonewillbeabletoharvestifthetankdries.Onlyaftertherenovation,wearesure,thatwewillbeabletoharvestatleastasingleyieldperyear.Thisyearwewereabletocultivatesecondcropwiththeavailablewaterinthetank.Thetankrenovationbenefitedallthefarmersinourvillage.Afteraperiod10years,wehavecultivatedsecondcropinourvillage.Therenovationworkhasgivenlotofconfidencetous.Icouldseethechanges.Thequalityofworkthatwedidinourvillageattractedmanyotherfarmersinnearbyvillages.“

Thefarmerswerenowhappyabouttheresultsanddeterminedtoprotectandmaintaintheirrigationtank,realizingitsbenefits.


Dairy farming: from survival to success

Kommireddygaripalliisasmallvillagewithonly46families.ThevillagecomesunderNimmanapallimandalinMadanaapallidivisionofChittoordistrict,AndhraPradesh.Agricultureisthemainlivelihoodactivityforthesepeople.Thisregionishighlydroughtproneandrecordeddeficitrainfallinthelast10years.FarmingissupportedbyBahudhareservoir,whichhasatotalayacutareaof1032acres.Howeverformorethanadecadetanknevergotfilledtoitsentirecapacityowingtodeficitrainfall.

Majorcropsgrownherearepaddy,tomato,maizeandvegetablesandthemajorsourceofirrigationisbore-well.Tomatocultivationisalsotakenupinlargescale,butthewidepricefluctuationmakestheprofitunpredictable.Eithertheygetabumperreturnorendupwithahugelossprimarilytothemarketprice.Astheincomefromtheagriculturewasnotmuchremunerative,dairyingwhichremainedasasecondaryoccupationforgenerationshasbecomeprimaryoccupationnow.Therearenow132milchanimalsinthevillage,fromwhich2026litersofmilkissoldeveryday.

InKommireddygaripalliandnearbyvillagesDHANFoundationinitiateditsVayalagamTank-fedAgricultureDevelopmentProgrammeinpartnershipwiththeAndhraPradeshCommunityBasedTankManagementProject(APCBTMP)

inJanuary2008.AsapartofAPCBTMP,DHANhasimplementedanumberofconservationanddevelopmentworks.

SriKisanRythumitragroupisoneoftheCIGs(Commodityinterventiongroups)formedinKommireddygaripalliwith18farmersinvolvedindairyfarming.Themembersmeetregularlyon18thofeverymonthandsaveRs.100permonth.Sinceformationthegrouphasbeenattachinghighimportanceonmaintainingbooksofaccounts,whichreflectedtheirfinancialdiscipline.Allthepaymentsfromthegroupweremadeonlythroughcheques.Thefarmersusedtheirgroupmeetingtodiscussandaddressproblemsthattheyfaceinfarminganddairyingcollectively.Thismadethemtoventureintosettingupacommonmilkcollection



center,combinedfarmingandmarketing,andapplicationoforganicinputs.Seeingtheirperformancethreemoremembersjoinedthegroup.The“SriKisanRythuMitraGroup”alsogotproperlyregisteredundersocietiesact21/1860and35/2001.

SriKisanRythuMitraGroup(SKRMG)isoneamongthe12Commodityinterventiongroupspromotedin12villagesundertheAPCBTMPinBahudhareservoircommandareabyDHANFoundation.Allthe12groupshavejoinedthemselvestoformaWaterUseAssociation(WUA)namedBahudhaReservoirWaterUserAssociation.

FramersintheSKRMGhavetakenmanyinitiativesontheirown.DHANhassupportedthegroupbysettingupaccountingsystem,enrollingthemembersandcattleunderinsuranceschemesandbylinkingthemwithrelevantdepartmentssothattheyclaimtheirentitlementsfromthegovernmentandotheragencies.

Common milk collection

Themainreasonthatpulledthefarmerstowardsthegroupwasthattheyhadbeencheatedformanyyearsbythemiddlemeninthemilkbusiness.TheycontactedheritagedairyMadanapalleforsellingtheirmilk.TheyappointedanexclusivepersontomaintainthebooksofaccountsandpayhimRs.3000permonth.Alsotheypurchaseanewspapercommonforthevillagefromtheir

profit,andtheadditionalincomegeneratedissharedbyallofthemequally.Togethertheyapproachedtheheritagedairyandconveyedtheirinteresttosetacommonmilkcollectioncenter,whichwasreadilyacceptedbythem.

Rewarded with milking machine

AllthemembersoftheSKRMGown67cows.Eachmemberpossesses2to4animals.ThecowswereeitherJerseyorHolsteinFriesianbreeds.Averageyieldofthesecowswas18literperday.ThemilkprocuredfromSKRMGhasalwaysbeenratedas“A”byHeritagedairyandthefarmerswerepaidRs.21.50perlitercomparedtoRs.18perliterpaidtoothers.Noothergroupintheentiredistrictgetssuchagoodpricefortheirmilk.Seeingthegoodperformanceofthiscenter,NationalBankforAgricultureandRuralDevelopment(NABARD)cameforwardtosanctionagrantforsettingupacommunitymilkingmachineworthRs.400,000.Themachinecanmilk10cowsatatimeintwominutes.Allthemembersfeltveryhappybythisasitmadetheprocessofmilkingeasierandlesstimeconsuming.Theyalsofeltthatthisistherewardfortheircollectivefunctioninginapropermanner.

Making wealth out of cow dung

Theincreasingcostofchemicalfertilizersanditseffectonreducingthefertilityofagriculturallandhadbeentheirconcernformanyyears.AllthefarmersinSKRMGdecidedtoadoptthe


traditionalpracticeofapplyingcowdungmanuretotomatoandothercrops.DHANteamhasmadeatimelyinterventionherebyexposingthemtotheconceptofvermicomposting.Afteracquiringrequiredknowledgeandskillsthefarmerswentaheadformakingavermi-compostpit,withwhichtheywereabletoproduce100ofvermicomposteverymonthwhichisbeingusedbythevillagersformanuringtheircrops.Forcontrolofpestsintheirtomatocropandothervegetables,theyuseneemseedkernelextractwhichtheythemselvesproducelocally.Theseactivitiesnotonlyreducedthecostofcultivation,butalsohelpedtoreducepollutionintheirfarmfields.Byseeingtheenergyandenthusiasmofthefarmers,yetanotherrewardcamefromAPCBTMPtothisgroupintheformofaweighingscale,tarpaulinandtomatocratesforpromotingmarketingfacilitiesfortheSKRMG.

Facilitating farm credit

TheSKRMGtookaloanofRs2,80,000fromIndianbank,Nimanapalliandassisteditsmembersforvariousfarmrelatedcreditneeds.All22farmershavesavedRs.85,800intheirgroup.AlsotheyhaveinsuredallthemembersunderJanashreeBheemaYojanaofLifeInsuranceCorporationofIndia.Seeingtheincreasedflowofpeopletothebankbrancheveryday,theBankhasdecidedtoprovidemobilebankingfacilitytotheKommireddygaripalli.Thisfacilityismadeavailableonthreealternativedaysinaweek.BecauseofthisthemembersofSriKisanRythuMitraGroupwasabletodotheirdepositsandwithdrawalsinthevillageitselfenablingthemtosavetimeandmoneyspentonvisitingthebank.ThefarmersinSKRMGarenowlookingforexpandingtheirdairyactivityfurtherbypurchasinganadditional25cows.TheyestimatedthatitwouldcostRs.20lakhsandhaveapproachedNABARDforaloan.


Chandana - a self-made entrepreneur

Chandana’s difficult childhood

Chandana,28yearsisamemberofSriAnnammaKalanjiaminAkshayaMahilaKalanjiamFederationofwomenSHGspromotedbyDHANFoundationinTumkurmandal,inKarnataka.

ChandanawasbornandbroughtupinTumkur,predominantlyanindustrialbeltnearBangalore,Karnataka.Shewastheeldestinherfamily.Herfatherwasaprivatebusdriverandmotherwasahousewife.Shewasabrightstudentinherschool,whichmadehertocompleteherpre-universitydegreewithease,butshehadtofacealotofdifficultiestopursueherstudiesasherfatherearnedRs.4500/permonth,whichwassufficienttoonlyfeedthem.ItwaswhenChandanadoingherpre-universitydegree,herfatherfellillduetoAsthama,andleftthemdeepdistress.Shewasjust18yearsthattime.

Theentirefamilywasthunderstruckduetothissuddenshock.Hermotherbeingahousewifehadnoclueofwhattodonext.Buttherewasnoothergoforherbuttoshoulderthefamilyresponsibility.Chandanathoughhadinteresttopursuehigher

education,decidedtoburyherdreamsandhelphermother.HelpcamefromthebusownerforwhomChandana’sfatherworked.HegavethemRs.40000,withwhichtheydecidedtostartaprovisionalstoreinasmallway.Chandanahelpedhermotherinpurchaseofmaterialsandsellingtheminthestore.Theprovisionalstorebroughtsomerelieftothefamily.

Chandana’s Marriage

Thestrugglewentonforthreeyears.Chandana’smotherdecidedtogethermarriedather21yearstohermaternaluncleJwalendraKumarwhoalsolivedinTumkurandworkedinaPicklefactoryasasupervisor.AfterChandana’smarriage,hermothermovedbacktohernativetownBellarywithherson.TheprovisionalstorewasalsodisposedformeetingChandana’smarriageexpenses.ChandanatoomovedwithherhusbandandsistertoUpparahallinearTumkur.

Herqualificationofpre-universitydegreeandherself-learnedcomputerskillsduringherschoolinggotheracontractualjobinBSNLascomputeroperator,whereshewaspaidRs.3000/monthfordataentryofcustomer’sprofile.Sheworkedforsevenmonthsduringwhichshegotpregnant.Asherhusbandadvisedshequitthejobandstartedtakingcareofherchild.



ItwasduringthisperiodChandanaheardabout‘Kalanjiam”,thewomenselfhelpgroupspromotedbyDHANFoundationinhervillage.ChandanajoinedkalanjiaminDecember2010withahopeofgettingoutofthefinancialcrisistheyfaced.

Chandana emerged as an entrepreneur

ShewasregularinattendingalltheKalanjiammeetings,savingandtakingandrepayingsmallloansformeetingherdomesticneeds.Inoneoftheclustermeetingssheattended,wherethetopicfordiscussionwasincreasingtheincomeofmembers’families.ItwasthenChandanagotherambitionkindledandsheraisedthequestioninthemeeting“WhatlivelihoodactivitycanIstartwithminimuminvestmentandalsothatisviable?”

Herlifestartedtakingadifferentturnfromthenonwards.OfthedifferentideasthatcameshegotconvincedofstartingaBanglestoreandsoughtherhusband’ssupportforthesame.HerhusbandreadilyagreedandalsosupportedwithRs20,000thathesavedinalocalchitfund.SheinvestedRs.10000thatshegotfromKalanjiamasloantowardsadvancefortheshop.Theshopisconvenientlysituatednearherhouse.Sheboughttworacksforhangingthebangles.ShepurchasedbanglesandfashionjewelriesforRs.20000withherhusband’scontributionandstartedherbusiness.

HerrelationshipwithfellowSHGwomencametoherhelpastheyturnedouttoashercustomers.InitiallydailyturnoverwasverylessthatbroughtherRs.100-150/-asherdailyprofit.Thenshegotanideaofextendinghershopwithmorefancyitemsandcosmetics.KalanjiamsupportedherwithanotherloanofRs.5000tobringadditionalmaterialtotheshop.Fromthisshestarted

earninggoodincome.HerdailyincomeincreasedtoRs.300-400.Shefeelsveryhappyabouthercontributiontothefamily,admittedhersonagoodschool.

Chandanadidnotstopwiththat.Shediversifiedherbusiness,withseasonalsaleofsareesanddressmaterialsduringfestivals.SheoftentravelstoBangaloorutobuyfancyitemsdemandedbyhercustomers.Shetakesthecompanyofherhusbandorhersisterforpurchasingtheproducts.

Sellingsareesanddressmaterialsatfestiveseasonsworkedwell,andshedecidedtotakeitasafulltimebusinessinhershop.ShestartedbuyingthesareesanddressmaterialsfromthewholesalemarketinBangalore.Sheisgoodatmanagingmoney,savingandusingitforbusiness,withoutgoingformoreloans.ShewaspromptinrepayingtheloansthatshegotfromherKalanjiamaswell.InadditiontoKalanjiam,whereshesavedRs.6200,shealsosupportsherhusbandtopayforthechitfund,fromwhichtheymanagedinvestmentfortheshop.NowChandanaisquitehappyandproudofherbusiness,inwhichsheistheowner.


Farm pond moves Fakeer’s lifeFakeer, a traditional farmer

Fakeer,60years,isapoorDalitfarmerhailingfromBodampallivillageinKoutalaMandalofAdilabaddistrict,AndhraPradesh.BodampalliisasmallhamletinthisMandal.Over350familiesarelivinghereandfarmingistheirmajor

sourceoflivelihood.FakeerlosthiswifeRukmabaiather45yearsduetocancer.Hehastwosonsandadaughter.Hiseldersonworkswithhimintheirfarmandtheyoungeroneisstudyingincollegeandhisdaughtergotmarried.Fakeerlivesinathatchedhouse,withhiseldersonandhisdaughter-in-law.Theyownsixacresofland,twocowsandcalves,apairofbullocks,andtenhens.Thelandownedbyhimisrainfed.Hecultivatescotton,paddy,redgramandsoybean,andthecultivationwasalwaysatthemercyofrainfall.Formorethanadecadehecouldnotgetenoughyieldsfromtheduetoinsufficientrains,andmanyyearshelosthiscropscompletely.

Entry of Vayalagam Programme

In2008DHANFoundationinitiateditsVayalagamTankfedAgricultureDevelopmentProgrammeinKoutalaMandal.ItwasstartedwiththeWatershedDevelopmentFundsetup

bytheNationalBankforAgricultureandRuralDevelopment(NABARD-WDF).DevelopmentworkswereinitiatedintwowatershednamelyBodampalliandBalajiankodawatershedscovering10andbenefiting2300hectaresofland.

ThesupportfromNABARDcameafterwitnessingtheinvolvementoffarmersinconstructionoffarmpondsconstructioninthisareabywayof“Shramadhan(freelabour)”,throughwhichRs.onelakhworthofworksweredone.ThisexperiencethenmadeNABARDtoconsiderShrmadhanasaqualifyingprocessforsanctioningwatershedproject.Thewatershedprojectinvolvesanumberofsoilandwaterconservationpracticestoimprovetheagricultureandalliedactivitiesinthetargetarea,inwhichconstructionoffarmponds,communitymanagementoftanksandrenovationofopenwellsarethemajoractivities.

Farm pond in Fakeer’s land

Fakeer’slandfallsunderBodampalliwatershed.AteamfromDHANFoundationvisitedthisvillagein2009andmetthefarmersandundertookparticipatoryplanningprocess.Thefarmerswereorganisedintoawatershedassociation.TheteamidentifiedfarmpondasapotentialactivityinFakeer’sland.Whenthisideawasmooted,hedidnotacceptitinitiallywithafearthatfarmpondwilloccupyaportionofhislandandthatlandwillberenderedpermanentlynotavailable



forcultivation.Fakeerwasreassuredbytheteamrepeatedly,astheyfoundthelandwithfarmpondwillassurehimpaddycropthatfaceswatershortageatthecriticalphasesofcropsuchasfloweringandgrainfilling.Aftercontinuouspersuasionhereluctantlyagreedtoconstructafarmpondandtoextendhislabourtowardshiscontribution.

ThestaffandFakeerassessedjointlythepossiblelocationoffarmpondinhisland.Itwasdecidedthata10X10cmfarmpondwillservethepurpose.Thentheymobilized15othervillagersandFakeerjoinedthemtodowork.Theywereabletodighardlytoadepthofonemeter,becauseofasmallsub-surfacedrainage,fromwhichwaterstartedseepingout.Allofthemfelthappy,buttheteamtoldthemthatthedepthwillnotbesufficientinthelongrun.Thentheypumpedthewaterusingdieselpumpsandcontinuedtodig

forninemoredaysandthefarmpondwasdugtothedepthof2.2meters.ThevillagewatershedcommitteemembersandDHANStafftogethertookthemeasurementsofFarmpondandestimatedthecostofconstructionasRs.21,000,whichwaspaidbytheVillagewatershedcommitteeaccounttowardslabour.

Farm pond secured Fakeer’s livelihood

Fakeerstartedcultivatingpaddyasrainfedcropandwhentherewasnorainandheusedthewaterfromfarmpondtoirrigatethecrop.Thewaterinhisfarmpondstayedforninemonths,withwhichhestartedcultivatingBengal-gramandwheat,andhegrewvegetablesonthebundsoffarmpondduringtherabiseasonofthreemonths

Thewaterfromfarmpondwasusefultohiminmanyways.Previouslyhehadtofetchwaterforhislivestockandforpreparingpesticidesprayfromonekilometredistanceandusedbullockcarttotransportwater.Henomorestrugglesasdidinthepast,thankstothefarmponds.

“InitiallyIthoughtthatfarmpondwillbeofnouseandthatitwilltakeawaysomepartofmyland.NowIrealizethatitisusefulformeindifferentways,andIcouldcultivatecropsinalltheseasons,withoutlosingtimeandyield”saysFakeer.

Before farm pond

Karif 2009

CropArea cultivated

(acres)Expenses

in Rs. Harvest

6 quintalsGross income

in Rs. Net income

in Rs.

Cotton 1.0 10000 25bags 15,600 5,600

Paddy 1.5- 7000 4bags 20000 13000

Soybean 1.5 3500 1bag 6500 3000

Jowar 0.5 200 700 500

Total 4.5 20,700 42,800 22,100

Rabi 2009 - No crops grown


After farm pond 2010

Karif 2010

CropArea cultivated

(acres)Expenses

in Rs. Harvest


in Rs. Net income

in Rs.

Cotton 2.5 27000 25quintals 68000 41000

Paddy 1.5 8500 33bags 29700 21200

Soybean 1.0 7000 10bags 160t00 9000

Redgram 1.0 3000 5bags 15000 12000

Total 6.0 45500 128700 83200

Rabi2010

Bengalgram 0.5 500 56kgs. 560Keptforhomeuse

Wheat 0.05 500 25kgs. 375

Vegetables Onbunds - 25kgs. -

After farm pond 2011

Karif 2011

CropArea cultivated

(acres)Expenses

in Rs. Harvest


in Rs. Net income

in Rs.

Cotton 2.5 30000 25quintals 75000 45000

Paddy 1.5 8500 35bags 31500 23000

Soybean 1.0 7000 8bags 12800 5800

Redgram 1.0 3000 5bags 15000 12000

Total 6.0 48500 134300 85800

Rabi2011

Bengalgram 0.5 500 50kgs. 560Keptforhomeuse

Wheat 0.05 500 20kgs. 375

Vegetables Onbunds - 25kgs. -

Once-hesitantFakeerisnowaconfidentadvocateoffarmponds.Heshareshisexperiencetothefarmersnearbytomotivatethemtogoforfarmponds.Withtheincomefromthelandheeducateshisyoungersonforhighereducation;hehasspent

Rs.45,000tosendhissonforcoachingtoappearforcompetitiveexams.Thisapart,heandhisfamilymemberseatgoodmixoffoodsuchasrice,wheat,pulsesandvegetables,whichwasnotthecaseearlier.


Hanumakka’s life turnedHanumakka,33isamemberofSriVeerbhadraswamyKalanjiaminAdakavalavillage,DoddaballapuraTalukofBangaloreruraldistrictinKarnataka.

Hanumakkagotmarriedat19yearstohermaternaluncleinAdakavalavillage.Bothwereaidealcoupleandledtheirlifehappilywithtwosonsandonedaughter.Theyownedthreeacresofrain-fedlandandsincetheincomefromitwasmeagertheyusedtoworkasagriculturallaborers.Theyfeltcontentwithwhattheyearned,thoughthelandtheyowneddidnotfetchthemgoodreturnsalways.AshockfellonHanumakka’slifewhenherhusbanddesertedhersuddenlyaftereightyearsofmarriageforunknownreasons.Shedoesn’tevenknowabouthiswhereabouts.“Igotverymuchdepressedwhenmyhusbandleftme.IwassodistressedthatevensuicidalthoughtshauntedmeandyetIgatheredcouragetoliveforthesakeofmychildren.Idecidedtofacethechallengesinfrontofme”Haumakkasays.

Afterherhusbandlefthershestartedresidinginhermother’shouseinthesamevillage.HermotheristoooldtogoforanyworkandHanumakkahadtoearntofeedallinherfamily.Hanumakka

usedtogrowragiandmaizeinheragriculturalland,whichwasatthemercyofrainfallandforcultivatingthemsheborrowedfromlocalmoneylenderswhocharged60percentinterestfortheloan.Astheyieldwaslow,shefeltdifficulttorepaytheloan.Attimessheleasedherlandtoothersinvillageonthebasisofshare-croppingandtheretooshehadthebitterexperienceofgettingcheated.Thisforcedhertoleaveherlandfallowmanyyears.

Hanumakka grabbed the opportunity

DHANFoundationstartedpromotingKalanjiamSHGsinDoddaballapurablockin2006withpoorwomen.AwealthrankingwasdonetoidentifypoorwomenandfacilitatethemtojoinSHG.Whentheconceptofgroupwasexplainedonly16womencameforwardedtoformaSHGinthevillage.SriVeerbhadraswamyKalanjiamwassoborninMarch2005.Hanumakkawasoneamongthem.Asthefellowwomenknewherasaconfidentwomanandarticulative,shewasselectedasthePresidentofthegroup.Thegroupmembersmet7thofeverymonthstartedsavingRs.20permonth.AllthemembershavesavedRs.123,859sofar.

Created assets

Hanumakkawasanactivememberinthegroupwhoneverskipedameetingandsavedregularly.



ThesavingsofthemembersgotinternallyrotatedintheSHGasloanfordifferentpurposes.HanumakkagotRs7000asherfirstloaninJune2006,withwhichshepurchasedagoatfromanotherfarmerresidinginthesamevillageforRs5000andusedtherestoftheamountforherfamilyneeds.“ThegoatwasthefirstassetIcreatedwiththesupportoftheKalanjiam”saysHanumakka.Shecontinuedtoparticipateregularlyinthegroupmeetingandrepaidtheamountpromptly.Shealsomotivatedothermemberstoactsimilarly.

InNovember2006theSriVeerbhadraswamyKalanjiamgotRs30,000asthefirstexternalloanfromCorporationBankatDoddabelavanagalablock.Hanumakkadidnotreceiveanyloanfromthisandleftitforothermemberswhowereinneedofit.InthemeanwhileHanumakkahasmultipliedhergoatfromonetoseven.Ofthese,shesoldthreegoatsforRs.8500andspentoncultivatingherlandandeducationalpurposeofherchildren.

Intheyear2009,HanumakkaandthegroupmembersdecidedtoapplyfortheSGSY(SwarnajayanthiGramSwarajgarYojana)loantoatuneofeightlakhrupeesmeantforpeopleBelowPovertyLine(BPL).ThegroupmembersgottheBPLcardsfromtheGramPanchayatandappliedfortheloan.Theloanwasreleasedintwoinstallmentsoffourlakheach,withasubsidyportionofonelakhrupee.Thefirstinstallmentwassanctionedin2009,fromwhichHanumakkatookaloanofRs.25000forpurchasingacow.ShewenttonearbycattlemarketinDoddabelavanagalaandpurchasedacow.

Gained skills

Sincerearingamilchanimalwasanewactivityforher,shewaseagertogainmuchknowledgeaboutit.SheattendedatrainingofferedbyGandhiKrishiVigyanKendra(GKVK),Bangalore.Shealsounderwentatrainingonmaintainingavermicompostunit.Shewassohappyinattendingthesetrainings.Shesays“Ihaveneverattendedtrainingslikethisbeforeandneverhadtheopportunityorconfidencetotravelalone.ButIgotgoodtrainingondairyactivitywhichallhappenedbecauseofjoiningKalanjiam”

Hanumakkadidnotwastetheknowledgeshegainedfromthetraining.Shesetupavermicompostunitofsize10X4feetinfrontofherhouse,withbrickandcementtakingthesupportofalocalmason.Theunitgenerated40-50kgofvermicompostinfourmonthsandsheusesthemanureforherownland.Withincreasedconfidenceindairyfarming,shepurchasedanothercowbyborrowingRs25000fromKalanjiamin2010whenthegroupreceivedthesecondinstallmentoftheSGSYloan.

Hanumakkasdaystartsat5.00A.M,whenshetakesthemilktothedairy.Afterthisshespendstimeincleaningandmaintainingthecowshed,feedingthemanddoinghouseholdworks.DuringagriculturalseasonsshealsoworksasacoolieandearnadditionalincomeRs.150perdayaswage,whichhoweverisseasonal.


Standing on her own legs

Thewisedecisionofinvestingonlivestockcoupledwithherhardwork,yieldedhergoodresults.Hanumakkahasnowfourgoatsandtwocows,theassetswhichcanmultiplyfurtherandfetchhermorereturns.Themilkyieldfromboththecowsatpresentis15litersperday.ShepoursthemilkatthevillagemilkprocurementunitwhichwasinitiatedbytheKMF(KarnatakaMilkFederation),fromwhichshegetsRs.20perliterofthemilk.ThussheearnsRs.300perdayandearnsanetincomeofRs.240.Assheusedtotakethecowsforgrazing,heronlyexpenseisprovidingthemconcentratedfeedandoccasionalmedicalexpenditures,onanaverageshespendsRs.60perdayforit.

Hanumakkanowleadsherlifewithoutanyfearandalsowascontendedwithwhatsheearns.“Ifeelhappytorearcows,besidesgoingforcooliworkthewholeday.WiththeincomeIearn,Iamabletoeducatemychildren.MyeldersonHemanthKumaranddaughterKemparathnaarestudyingPre-universitycourseandtheyoungersonPunithKumarisstudying10thstandard.Allmyeffortsaretogivethemgoodeducationonly”saysHanumakkawithpride.Hanumakkanowcultivatesherlandandhasafutureplanofdiggingaborewellinheragriculturallandsothatitfetchesgoodreturns.


Community asset for livelihoodsChinnakannanurisasmallhamletinManamaduraiblockofSivagangaidistrictinTamilNadu.Farmingisamajorlivelihoodforthepeopleinthisvillage.Chinnakannanurbigtankisonethemainwaterresourceofthisvillageand405farmfamiliesgetbenefitedfromit.Thetotalcommandareaofthistankisabout320acresandthewaterspreadareaisabout106acres.Thetankgetsthesupplyfromitsfreecatchment’sareaandfromthesurplusoftheMilaganurbigtank.Thetankhasfoursluicesandasurplusweir.

Thecommunitiesinthisvillagehavebeenregularlytakingupminortankmaintenanceactivitieswiththeircommonfund.Howevertheycouldnottakeupbundstrengtheningworkinabigway,becausemanypartsofthetankbundwereveryweak.ThreeyearsbeforethePublicWorksDepartmentstartedrenovationworkinthistank.BecauseofthepoorqualityoftheworkdonebythecontractoremployedbythePWD,thevillagersstoppedthework.ThenthePWDreplacedthecontractorandcompletedthework.Lastyear,thePWDrepairedanothersluiceinthetank.Thevillagersdidnotlikethecontractor’sworks,whousuallydeliversapoorqualityofwork.Instead,thelocalcommunitieshavealwaysbeenexpressingtheirinteresttorenovatetheirtankthroughtheirvillagetraditionalassociationtoensurethegoodqualityofwork.

Farmersinthisvillagehadwitnessedadrinking

waterponddevelopmentworkinanearbyManangathanVillagetakenbyaVillageAssociationpromotedbyDHANFoundation.Byseeingtheimpactandqualityofponddevelopmentwork,theChinnakannanurvillagersapproachedDHANtodoasimilarworkintheirvillageaswell.TheentirevillagewasreadytopromoteaTankAssociation.AprojectteamfromDHANvisitedthetankandpromotedChinnakannanurVayalagamAssociation.Thefarmerswereorientedoninstitutionalsystemsandprocesses,andleaderswereelectedbythevillagerstorepresentthemintheAssociation.

Intheyear2011,theVillageAssociationinChinnakannanurpreparedanestimateforrenovatingtheirtankandsubmittedtotheMission“SUNERAKAL-Goldentomorrow”spearheadedbyITCLimitedunderitsCorporateSocialResponsibility,implementedinpartnershipwithDHANFoundation.Thepeopleexpressedtheirneedofstrengtheningthetankbunds,closingabreachinthefeederchannelthatoccurredduringthepreviousyearmonsoon.Becauseofthebreachesinthebundofthefeederchannel,thewaterwasletoffwastewithoutgoingtothetank.ThetotalestimateforthisworkwasaboutRs250,000,ofwhichtheVillageAssociationcontributed15percentofthetotalcostofthework.TheassociationalsogotaNo-objectioncertificatefromPWDbeforestartingthework.



Allthroughthework,thevillagersparticipatedcompletelyandtheywereveryhappybyseeingthequalityoftheworkandtransparencyofthetankassociationinfundutilization.Thevillagemeetingwasconductedandtheaccountsoftheworkweresharedbythetankassociationleadersinfrontofallthevillagers.

Throughthiswork,anadditionalstoragevolumeof8358cubicmeterhasbeencreated.Theexcavatedearthwasusedforstrengtheningthe

tankbundandclosingthebreachinthefeederchannel.Breachclosingworkofthefeederchannelensuredthegoodflowofthewaterfromthecatchmentareawithoutanyleakage.Thetankwasfilledinthesubsequentrain.Entiretankcommandareaof320acrewascultivatedwithpaddycropandadditional80acresofthedrylandwasalsocultivated.Thefarmersgotgoodyieldin400acresandtheyhavegot35bagsofpaddyinoneacreagainstthepreviousyieldof25to30bags.

Mission Sunera Kal - Golden Tomorrow

SivagangaiisachronicallydroughtpronedistrictinTamilNadu,India.Farmingisaprimarysourceoflivelihoodformorethan70percentofthepopulationinthisdistrict.Therainfallisveryerratic

andmostoftherainfall isreceivedduringnortheastmonsooninOctoberandNovember.Surfacerunoffof rainwater captured and stored in the traditional irrigation structures calledTanks, alsoknownasKanmoiinTamilisamajorsourceofirrigation.

Allthe4260smallirrigationtanksand650biggertanksinthisdistrictprovideirrigationtomorethan80percentoftheirrigatedlands.Besidesirrigation,thesetanksservedrinkingwaterneedsofthelocalcommunitiesandtheirlivestock,andshelterdiversefaunaandflora.Withuncertainrainfallandpoorstorageoftanks,moreoftenthecropssufferduetoshortageofwaterduringfloweringstage.Iflife-savingirrigationisgivenatthattime,thecropswillsurvive.Tanksarethelifelineforthefarmersinthisdistrict.

Drasticchangesofrainfallpattern,decayofirrigationstructuresduetocontinuousmismanagementbrought adverse consequences for the livelihoods of local communities. Theprocesses of leavingrainfed lands fallow, changing croppingpatterns andout-migrationhavebeengoingon formanyyears.

Inthemiddleofsuchagloomyscenario,TheMission“SUNERAKAL-Goldentomorrow”spearheadedby ITCLimitedunder itsCorporateSocialResponsibility joinedhandswithDHANFoundationtorestore thewater resources in Singampneri,Manamadurai andThirupathur blocks in Sivagangaidistrict.DHANFollowsauniqueprocessoforganisingthecommunitiesaroundwaterbodies,buildingtheircapacitiestoplan,implementandmonitortherestoration.Renovationoftanksinvolvesraisingandstrengthening tankbunds to the requiredstandards; renovatingexistingsupplychannelsandsurpluscoursestoaugmentthesupply;repairingthesluicesandweirsforthebetterregulationofavailablewater;andprovidingplugandrodshutterstosluiceoutletstoprevent leakageofstoredwater

While the tanks serve irrigationwater needs of the farmers in the entire command area, FarmPonds are found to be critical for providing supplement irrigation. The farm-ponds are alsousedinmultiplewaysbythefarmerstoraisefodderfor livestock,rearfishes,growvegetablesforownneeds.Similarly,thedrinkingwaterponds,locallycalledOoranisarethesustainablesolutiontothedrinkingwaterproblemsfacedbythepeopleinSivagangaidistrict.Thedomesticwatersupplyfrom


Ooranisoutscorestheothersourcesinaccess,adequacy,availability,andconvenience.TheOoranisrehabilitatedthroughthe“MissionSuneraKal”providewaterwithinthehamletanditreducesthedrudgeryofwomenwhousually fetchwater fordomestic needs.Bio-sandfiltersprovided to thehouseholdswereabletoensuresafetyofthewatertheydrink.

Allthesecollectiveeffortshaveledtoanimprovementinsoilandmoistureregimes,increasedwatertables,broughtmorelandunderirrigation.Withsecuredwater,peopleareabletoreapanassuredcrop,goforsecondcropandraisehorticultureplantationsintheirrainfedlands.

More than the economic benefits, there is a new spirit of optimismand confidence in the localcommunitiestotakeonfuturedevelopmentneedswiththeirVayalagams,CascadeAssociations,andtheirFederations.Withthefoundationbuiltbythepartnershiphere,theFarmers’FederationshavebroadenedtheirhorizontointegratemicrofinanceintotheVayalagams,establishICTenabledVillageInformationCentresandagriculturalinterventionstoenhanceproductivity.

The Impact " Theprojecthelpedorganising9496farmfamiliesinto197VayalagamAssociationsin99villagesinSivagangaiDistrict

" 61tanksrenovatedbyspendingRs.5.5milliontocreateadditionalstorageof82,279cubicmeterofwater,benefiting1685hectareofcommandarea.Ithascreated6388person-daysoflabour.

" 16OoraniswereconstructedbyspendingRs.2.5milliontosecure49,254cubicmeterofdrinkingwater,tobenefit4486ruralhouseholds.

" 11CommunitywellswereconstructedbyspendingRs.1.7milliontoprovidelife-savingirrigationto110hectaresoflandbenefiting176farmholdings

" 18farmpondswereconstructedbyspendingRs.0.5milliontoprovidelife-savingirrigationto21hectaresoflandbenefiting70farmholdings

" ThisprojecthelpedtheVayalagamAssociationstoleverageRs.11.3millionfromotherphilanthropies.ThecommunitieshavegeneratedRs.5.9millionassavingsandissuedRs.14.7millionasagriculturalloansfromtheirMicrofinanceGroups.


Shanthi shows the wayShanthi,37years,livesinAppamasamuthiram,avillagenearAtthurinSalemdistrict,TamilNadu.ShanthigotmarriedtoMr.Kasirajanather18years,whohailsfromthesamevillage.Theyhavetwochildrenwhoareattheir19and15yearsrespectively.KasirajanwasworkinginapetrolbunkwithameagermonthlywageofRs2500andShanthimanagedthehome.Shanthi’sdreamwastoeducateherchildreninanEnglishmediumschool,buttheywereabletosendthemtoalocalgovernmentschoolonly.Fortheirchildren’ssakeShanthidecidedtoworkandearn.

In2002,Shanthimanagedtoopenasmallpettyshopinfrontyardofherhouseitself.ShepledgedthreesovereignsofgoldinalocalcooperativebankandgotRs15000asloan.AstheinvestmentwaslowtheprofitwasalsoverylowrangingfromRs30to40perdaywithwhichshecouldnotsupportthefamily.“Igotfrustratedanddecidedtoclosetheshop.IwishedthatIshouldsupportmyfamilymore,butwasunabletodosobecauseofpoorincomefromit”saysShanthi.

Joining Kalanjiam

Atthattime,DHANfoundationenteredthisvillagetopromoteKalanjiamwithpoorwomen.Shanthiwasthefirstonetoaccepttheideaofformingagroup.Sheconvinced15otherwomenandformedKrishnaKalanjiaminNovember2004.Shanthiwasselectedasthetreasurerofthegroup.ThegroupmembersstartedsavingRs75,every

month,andastheyconfidentandrealizedthebenefits,theygraduallyincreasedthesavingsandnowtheysaveRs120permonth.OverthepasteightyearsShanthicouldsaveRs14500andhasaloanoutstandingofRs34500.

ShanthistartedusingthesupportofherKalanjiameffectivelyforexpandingherpettyshopintoa



groceryshop.Meanwhileherhusband’ssalaryalsorosefromRs.2500toRs5000,whoalsohelpedherforpurchasingmaterialsforpettyshop.BelowarethecreditdetailsavailedbyShanthiforimprovingherbusinessandeducatingherchildren.

“MyshopstartedgivinggoodreturnsafterIinvestedmoreintheshop,thankstothesupportofKalanjiamandmyhusband.PreviouslyIusedtosellonlyrice,groundnutcakes,betelleafandsnacks.ButnowIamsellingthegrocerymaterialsandvegetablesaswell.TheturnoveroftheshopisnowmorethanRs.20000/-permonth”saysShanthiwithpride.Astheshopislocatedinthevillage,Shanthifeelsthattheturnovercouldnotbeincreasedfurther.FromthissheearnsaprofitofRs.3000to3500permonth.Usingthismoneyshewasabletoeducateherchildren,buysomehouseholdarticles,clothesandalsosavedsomemoneytopurchase600squarefeetoflandwhichisworthRs.95000.

“MyshopstartedgivinggoodreturnsafterIinvestedmoreintheshop,thankstothesupportofKalanjiamandmyhusband.PreviouslyIusedtosellonlyrice,groundnutcakes,betelleafandsnacks.ButnowIamsellingthegrocerymaterialsandvegetablesaswell.TheturnoveroftheshopisnowmorethanRs.20000/-permonth”saysShanthiwithpride.Astheshopislocatedinthevillage,Shanthifeelsthattheturnovercouldnot

Year Loan Amount. (Rs) Purpose of loan taken

2004 2500 Forpurchasingthecrockerymaterialsfortheshop

2005 7500 Purchasingtheglasscontainersandmaterialsfortheshop

2006 10000 EducationloanforherchildrenwithspecialsavingsofRs.1800

2007 10000 Purchasingwoodenracksfortheshop

2007 10000 EducationloanforherchildrenwithspecialsavingsofRs.1800

2008 20000 Expandingtheshopbyrentingtheroomnearherhome

2009 30000 Purchasingtheshowcaseanddoingthealterationsinshop

2010 40000SheutilizedRs.22000toredeemingofherjewels&Rs.18000isusedforpurchasingthelandforhousing(600sq.ft)worthofRs.95000

2011 10000 Topurchasearefrigeratorforhershop

2012 40000 Forherson’shighereducation

beincreasedfurther.FromthissheearnsaprofitofRs.3000to3500permonth.Usingthismoneyshewasabletoeducateherchildren,buysomehouseholdarticles,clothesandalsosavedsomemoneytopurchase600squarefeetoflandwhichisworthRs.95000.

Realized her dream

Asherlifetimeambitionwastoeducateherchildrenforbetterfuture,shenevermindedspendingmostofherearningsforeducationofherchildren.Shanthirecallshowshestruggledtoeducateherson“IfirstenrolledmysoninThuzhuvaVelalarSchoolwherehestudiedupto5thstandardwhichdidnotincurmemuchcost.LaterIjoinedhiminanEnglishmediumschoolwherehestudiedfortwoyearsandwehadtopayafeeofRs.15000everyyear.Later,foranothertwoyearsinaMatriculationSchoolwithanannualfeeofRs.18000.Heunderstoodourdifficultiesandearnedgoodmarksinmatriculationexamination.ThenweadmittedhiminGreenTechHighersecondaryschool.NowheisstudyinginanEngineeringCollegeatMettuppalayaminsecondyear.WehaveincurredsofarRs.80000forhisengineeringstudies.Westruggledalottobringhimuptothislevel,thankstomyKalanjiamforthissupport”

Shanthi’sdaughterisnowstudying10thstandardinaMatriculationSchool.“Weprovidesamecare


forourdaughter’seducationaswell.Wewillensurethatshewouldalsotakeupprofessionaleducationlikeourson”saysproudShanthi.

Shanthi looks ahead

ShanthinowplanstoshifthergroceryshoptoAtturtown,wherethecustomerbaseishighandsheisveryconfidentthatshecanupgradeitintoafull-fledgeddepartmentalstore.Shealsowishestoprovideemploymenttofewwomeninhershop.“Inowhaveagoodrespectinthevillage.MyhusbandhelpsmeinrunningtheshoponholidaysandforpurchaseofmaterialsfortheshopfromAtturShandy.Allthishappenedbecauseof

supportfromKalanjiam,withoutwhichIwouldnothavereachedthisheight”saysShanthi.ShealsohasexpressedherinteresttojoinasafieldworkerintheVazhiKattuvomthittam,awelfareprogrammeforthephysicallychallengedpersonsbytheTamilNadugovernment,whichisimplementedthroughSalemAtturNagaraVattaraKalanjiam.Shedreamstobuildanownhouseinnearfuturewithallthissupport.

Mr.Kasirajansayswithpride“Withtheincomefromthisgroceryshop,andsupportfromtheKalanjiamwewouldsurelyeducateourchildren,whowouldturnourlifeinfuture.Allthesewerepossibleonlybecauseofmywife”.

Contributions of the Federation

SalemAtturNagaraVattaraKalanjiamisinitiatedinAtturat2004withthehelpofSIDBIbank.Nowitisaself-sustainedfederation.Recentlythefederationpurchased1.5acresoflandandconstructed

theircommunitycentrefromtheircommonfundgeneratedfromtheirsavingsandcreditoperations.Thereare211Kalanjiamfunctioningwith3127poorhouseholds.ThemembershaveaccumulatedatotalsavingsofRs.26.7millionandmobilisedRs.28millionfromlocalbankslastyearandmaintainaloanoutstandingof29.8millionwiththebanks.Membersavailedloansforvariousproductionandconsumptionneeds, and theyhavea loanoutstandingofRs. 46.7million.TheKalanjiamspayaninterestrateof9percentperannumonmember’ssavingsandcollectaninterestrateof15percentperannumontheirloans.Closeto6100livesincludingspousesofmembershavebeeninsuredunderLICJanashreeBeemaYojana(JBY)schemeand136lives(atbeyondtheagelimitsetbytheLICofIndia)havebeeninsuredundermutualityprogrammerunbytheFederationitself.ThroughtheJBYScheme,838studentshavebeenprovidedscholarshipworthofRs.onemillion.Lastyear32familieshavegotthedeathclaimstothetuneofRs.1.67million.Eighteenphysicallychallengedpersonshavereceived

Madurai Symposium


Madurai SymposiumAdvancing Development towards Sustainable Livelihoods

Broadlyspeaking,livelihoodscanbeseenastheutilizationofourhumanandmaterialassetstomeettherequirementsofourselvesandourhouseholds.However,unlikeregularemployment,whichcanoftenbeseenastransitional,livelihoodsaretypicallyseenasawayoflife.Understandinglivelihoods,therefore,iscrucialforimprovingdevelopmentactionandreducingpoverty.

Therehavebeenseveralframeworks,approaches,andmodelsthroughwhichlivelihoodpromotionactivitieshavetakenplace.Theseframeworksaredesignedtohelpdevelopmentactorsunderstandthecomplexinterplayofpersonal,familial,social,andpoliticalfactors,allofwhichinfluencelivelihoodmobility.Forthepoorinparticular,livelihoodmobilityshouldhelppoorhouseholdsimprovetheirself-reliance.Inparticular,theyshouldbedesignedtomovehouseholdsfromastateofsurvival(highvulnerability)tosubsistence(endurancewithlimitedsecurity)toself-employed(astateofstabilisationandsecurity).

India’sdevelopmentactorsfromallsectorshavehaddecadesofexperienceinpromotingandstrengtheninglivelihoods,whetherdirectlyorindirectly.Intheprocess,manyadditionalframeworks,quiteoftenspecifictotheoperationalareasofthetargetcommunity(whethergeographicallyorsocioeconomicallydistinct),havebeendeveloped.


DHANFoundationhasbeenimplementingpovertyreductionprogrammeswithsectoralfocusparticularlyonlivelihoodsenhancementformorethantwodecades.DHANFoundationcollaborateswithbanks,governmentorganizations,corporations,andphilanthropies,andworkswithsmallandmarginalfarmingcommunities,womenfrompoorhouseholds,adolescentgirls,leadersoflocalgovernance,andyouth.

DHANFoundationhasinitiatedaprocessofsensitizingdevelopmentstakeholders—communityinstitutions,civilsocieties,theGovernment,non-governmentorganisations(NGOs),financialinstitutionsandacademia—ondifferentdimensionsofdevelopmentthroughseminars,workshops,meetingsamongthemembersofdevelopmentnetworkorganizations,anddirectaction.

OneofthesemethodsofdisseminatingandsharingknowledgeamongdevelopmentstakeholdersistheMaduraiSymposium—adevelopment“festival”comprisingworkshops,seminars,conferences,andconventions—thatwaspromotedbyDHANFoundationin2003asaplatformtobringpeopletogethertosharetheirexperiences,successes,failures,best-practices,andchallenges,andtolearndirectlyfromthecommunities.FourbiennialsymposiumswereorganisedinMaduraibetween2003and2009,eachattendedbyover15,000participants.The2009MaduraiSymposiumbroughtdevelopmentstakeholderstogethertoshareandlearnfromeachother’s’experiencesand

practiceswithrespecttoAdvancingDevelopment:TowardsMillenniumDevelopmentGoals.

TheMaduraiSymposium2011providedopportunitiesfordevelopmentstakeholderstolearnfromeachother’s’experience,collaboratetodevelopfurtherinterventionstohelperadicatepoverty,andidentifywaystosustain,enhance,anddiversifylivelihoodsofthepoor.

ItcanbearguedthatthereisareinforcingcircularrelationshipbetweenlivelihoodsandtheMillenniumDevelopmentGoals(MDGs).TheeightMDGscanbeseenasacomprehensivepovertyreductionframework,andwithreducedpovertycomesincreasedstabilityandsecurity.Similarly,oneofthemosteffectivemethodsforachievingtheMDGsisthroughsustainablelivelihoodspromotionsince,inordertobringaboutsustainabilityinlivelihoods,manyoftheMDGsmustbeconsidered.Thus,buildingupontheknowledgegainedfromtheearliersymposiums,thethemefor2011isAdvancingDevelopment:TowardsSustainableLivelihoods.

The2011MaduraiSymposiumwasorganizedwiththecollaborationoforganizationsrepresentingacademia,NGOs,theGovernment,banks,privatecorporations,andfundingagencies.Over30eventswereorganizedincludingseminars,workshops,andconventionswiththecommunitiesonvariouslivelihoods-relatedthemes.Inadditiontoprovidingaplatformtosharebestpracticesand


knowledgeonlivelihoodpromotion,theMaduraiSymposiumwasalsoanopportunitytopromotenetworksamongthedevelopmentplayers;fostercollaborationsforaction;shareopportunitiesforresourcemobilisation;andidentifyleadsforactioninrelationtopolicyareasandfieldpractice.

TheMaduraiSymposiumalsofeaturedstageperformancesoftraditionalculturalshowsbythecommunities,adevelopmentfilmfestival,andanexhibition.AstheMaduraiSymposiumisaknowledgesharingandmanagementevent,theTata-DhanAcademy—adevelopmentmanagementinstitutepromotedbyDHANFoundation,Madurai,andSirRatanTataTrust,Mumbai—tooktheresponsibilityoforganizingtheevent.Asapartofknowledgedisseminationprocess,theTata-DhanAcademyhasdocumentedtheproceedingsofeachevent,andresolutionsanddeclarationsmadejointlybyalltheparticipantsoftheMaduraiSymposium.

DECLARATAIONS

Farmer Conventions

Future-search Process for People Institutions to Enhance Rainfed Farming

" Rainfedfarmersneedtovisionforthenext10yearskeepinginmindthepresentchallenges

andtheopportunitiesavailableforthemtomakerainfedfarmingviableandsustainable.

Tank-based Livelihoods

" Allthetanksarerequiredtobelinkedtoformacascadeoftanks.

" TheGovernment,besidesenactingsuitablelaws,shouldallocateneededfundsforthemaintenanceofwaterbodiesandshouldsanctionwaterbodiesrestorationunderMGNREGA.

" Relatedactivitieslikefishrearingandsiltapplicationshouldbemadeviable.

UPNRM and Livelihoods

" Eco-friendlyactivitiescouldbeidentifiedandintegratedwiththeUPNRMproject.TheproductsidentifiedunderUPNRMshouldnotdegradeoroverexploittheresources.

" Dripirrigation,bio-gasplantsatthefamilylevel,cultivatingfoddercrops,andpurchasingoffarmimplementsandequipmentsforvalueadditioncouldalsobeintegratedunderUPNRMproducts.

" Atthefarmlevel,UPNRMactivitiesaredirectlyrelatedwithlivelihoodsdevelopmentinterventionsastheycoulddirectlysupporttheupgradingoflandandwaterresources


whicharecrucialassetsofthefarmingfamilies.

" UnderUPNRM,traditionalagriculturalpracticessuchasseedbanks,manurepits,andrevivalofwaterharvestingsourcescouldbeconsideredforloanproducts.

" ThevalueadditiononagriculturecommoditiesbasedonthecontextspecificneedscouldbetakenupunderUPNRMthroughpeopleinstitutionsatdifferentlevels,forexample,attheVayalagam,Cascade,PPGs,PMGs,PCsandFederation.

" Collectingandprocuring,hiringthegodowns,hiringthetransports,infrastructure,andsoon,couldalsobeintegratedwithUPNRMwiththesocialcapitalbuiltaroundVayalagams,CascadesandFederations.

" TheUPNRMhasdemonstratedthatNRMactivitiescouldbebankableandcommercialbanksandtheRBIcouldevolvepoliciesrelatedtosimilarloanstosupportthefarmersatalargescale.

" WatershedassociationsandcascadescanutilizethisUPNRMprojectfortheirsustainabilitytoimpacttheindividuals.

" TheactivitieslistednewlyfordevelopingtheproductsunderUPNRMaresharedas:

y Poultryasalliedactivity

y Agriculture-basedgoatrearingandmilchanimalrearing

y Coconutcoirpreparing

y Individualwelldeepening

y Fencingforindividuallands

y Treeplantationsinwastelands

y Greenhousepromotion

y Paddygodownpromotion

y Purchaseoftractorsforgroupsandcascades

y Harvestingmachinecombinedharvester

y Seedlingandotherfarmimplements

y Removalofgrassandmanganathiweed

y Rearinglivestock

y Redeemingtheindebtedlands

y Storagegodowns

y Grassinglandgrasslandpromotion

y Venturecapitalforcollectivemarketing

y Weederpurchase

Women Conventions

Impact of Financing Livelihoods

" SHGfederationsshallincorporatenecessaryamendmentsinsavings,creditandinsurancerelatedpoliciestostabilizeincomegeneratingactivitiesandtoensureoptimalearningsforallthememberhouseholds.

" Inurbanareas,self-helpgroupsandtheirnetworksneedtoworkcloselywithstategovernmentstoensureentitlementsofsmallvendorsandtostrengthenskillbuildingofthemembersondifferenttradesandservices.

" Inthetribalbelts,effortsarerequiredtoensureentitlementsbesidesintegratinghealth,educationandvariousoccupationalgroupswithmicrofinanceinterventions.

" GovernmentandbanksneedtooffermoreflexibletermsinlendingtovariousactivitiesofSHGs.

IGNOU Community College Initiatives for Sustainable Livelihoods

" Ineveryregion,theneedassessmentforcommunitycollegeshastobeundertakenbypreparingtheinceptiondocumentasamandatoryactivitybythepromoterofcommunitycolleges.

" Curriculumdevelopmentshouldbeincollaborationwithindustriesbyeverycommunitycollegeinordertofacilitatelivelihoodsopportunitiesforthelearners.


" ThecommunitycollegeconcepthastobespearheadedbyIGNOUandDHANFoundationthroughcollaborativeaction.

National Convention on Skill-building for Sustainable Livelihoods

" Everypeople’sorganizationintheDHANcollectiveshouldcreateadatabaseonthelivelihoodsstatusoftheirmembersandprepareinceptiondocumentsforpromotingpotentiallivelihoodactivities.

" Needsassessmentsmustbedoneforthememberswhoareatdifferentstagesofpoverty—survival,subsistenceandself-employment—totakeupappropriatelivelihoodinterventions.

" Lendingpoliciesshouldberefinedtofacilitatethecreationofqualityproductiveassetsthroughappropriatelivelihoodinterventionsatthefamilylevel.

" PartnershipsshouldbeestablishedwithNABARD,JNNURMandlocalgovernmentsforstrengtheningproducersgroupsandcompanies,andforskill-buildingofindividualmemberstopromotesustainablelivelihoods.

People Conventions

Role of MGNREGA in Livelihoods Development

" SocialauditwouldbeeffectivelyfacilitatedatthePanchayatleveltohavebetterassessmentofandaccesstoMGNREGA.

" InitiativeshavetobetakentodisseminateimplementationdetailsofMGNREGAthroughposters,wallwritingsandhandbillstocreateawarenessamongtheruralpeople.

" ThecommunitydevelopmentinfrastructureshouldbecreatedthroughtheMGNREGAand10percentfundfromthetotalbudgetshouldbeallocatedforthemaintenanceofthecreatedassets.

" Anadditional50daysofemploymentshouldbeprovidedforbelowpovertyline(BPL)families.

" AdditionalstaffshouldbeappointedformonitoringMGNREGAworkforitseffectiveness

" ConstructionworkandagricultureworkshouldbeconvergedwithMGNREGAtocreatesustainablecommonassets

" MGNREGAshouldnotbetreatedasafreeprogramme.Awarenessshouldbecreatedamongpeopletoknowtheimportanceoflabouringforthebenefitofthecommunity.

Convention on Medicinal Plants for Sustainable Livelihood

" Independentsmall-scalemedicalplantgatherersmustbeorganisedasprimaryproducergroups(PPGs)andfederated.ThePPGmembersneedtobetrainedongoodcollectionandcultivationpracticestogetbetterpricesthroughenhancingtheproduct.


Moreovertheywillbetrainedonsustainableandregenerativemethodsofmedicalplantscollectionandcultivationutilisingthewastelandsinthevillagesandallowingplantstoself-sowwithouttotaluprootingandmasssowingofseeds.

" Afacilitativeenvironmentformedicinalplantsgatherersandcultivatorsneedstobecreatedtogetlegitimatesupportssuchassubsidies,insurance,andtaxexemptionfromtherawdriedherbs.Farmersshouldbeprovidedwithidentificationcardstolegallycollectmedicinalplants.Besidesthequalitycontrollaboratorywiththetechnicalsupportofcollaboratorswouldbeestablished.Machineriessuchassandsegregators,chopcutters,andpowderingmachinesforvalueadditionofdriedherbalplantswouldalsobeinstalled.

" AresearchbasewiththesupportofPPGmembers,fundingagenciesandresearchinstitutesneedstobeestablishedforcollectingdataontheareasundermedicinalplants,memberofgatherers,cultivators,supplychain,andproblemsexperiencedbythem.

" Usageoftraditionalmedicinalproductsforcommonailmentsinvillagesneedstoberevivedandpopularised.Moreover,the‘surecure’formulationsforailmentslikeanaemiaaretobeprepared,popularisedandmarketed.

ICT and Livelihood

" Newspapers,mobilephones,radio,TV,computerandtheinternetaremajorcommunicationtoolsthatcouldbeeffectivelyusedforcreatinglivelihoodsforthepoor.

" Newspaperinformationismostlylocationandsectorspecific.Thereisaneedfortoolssuchasvillageinformationcentrestoprovidedocumentedinformationforfurtheruse.

" ThereisabigdemandforvoiceSMS.SuitabletopicshavetobeidentifiedforvoiceSMStobenefitthefarmers,womenandyouth.

" WiththesupportofIGNOUandothereducationalinstitutions,theeducationalservicethroughvillageinformationcentresshouldbestrengthenedandthecollaborationwithotherinstitutionsandindustriesneed

tobefurtherstrengthenedforcreatingemploymentopportunities.

" ICTandlivelihoodthroughVICshouldbedocumentedandtheexperienceshouldbedisseminated.

" ThefarmersandwomenneedtobetrainedinaccessingthelivelihoodsbenefitsthroughICTactivitiesandVICs.

Coastal Livelihoods: Challenges and opportunities

Fisheries

" Productionofbannednetsmustbehalted.Duringthe45daysbanperiodfishermenfromotherareasshouldnotbeallowedforfishing.

" ACoastalVillageConservationCouncil(CVCC)mustbepromotedineachvillagetoconservethecoastaleco-system.

" Industriescreatingpollutionincoastalareasshouldbediscouraged.

" Existinglawsrelatedtocoastalconservationandlivelihoodsshouldbestrictlyimplementedinthefield(Shrimpfamily,bannedtypesoffishingetc.).

" Thebanonseacucumberharvestingmustberemoved.

Coastal Agriculture and Allied Activities

" Peopleinstitutionsforcollectivemarketingcanbepromotedatthevillagelevel.Forvalueadditiontotheproducts,necessaryinfrastructureandcoldstorageunitsshouldbepromotedatthevillage,panchayatandblocklevel.

" Traditionalwaterbodiesliketanksandvillagepondsmustberenovatedthroughpeopleorganizationandcontractorsshouldnotbeencouraged.

" Socialauditmustbeconductedatthevillagelevelongovernmentimplementedschemes.

" Peopleinstitutionsmustbeformedatthevillage,Panchayat,andblockleveltoworkwithlinedepartmentsandotherstakeholders.

" Dairyrelatedinfrastructureneedstobeestablishedatthevillagelevel.


" Districtwiseresourcecentresshouldbepromotedfortrainingandcapacitybuildingandtocreateadatabaseontheavailabilityofqualitybreedsinthemarket.Thesedetailsshouldbemadeavailablewiththerespectiveresourcecentres.

" TheGovernmentshouldprovidesubsidyassistanceforconcentratedfeed,greenfodderdevelopment,andcattlepurchase.ArtificialinseminationservicescanbeintensifiedthroughNGOcollaboration.

Water and Livelihoods

Natural Resource Based Livelihood Development: DVTF’s Experiences of Implementing the UPNRM Programme of NABARD

" Financialinstitutionsarerequiredtoinnovateloanproductstosuittheneedsofdevelopingnaturalresources(landandwater)ofsmallandmarginalfarmersandatanaffordablecost.

" AnexclusivenaturalresourcesdevelopmentfundistobesetupbytheStateand/oragencieslikeNABARDforthemarginalizedfarmingcommunity.

Climate Change Adaptation for Sustainable Agriculture Livelihood

" Treeplantingwouldbetakenupinalargerscaletomitigateglobalwarming.

" Farmersaretobeencouragedtoadoptappropriatefarmingmethodsformakingfarmingaviablelivelihood.

" Rigorousresearcheffortsrequiredtomitigateclimatechangebyall.

Conservation of Water Bodies for Sustainable Livelihoods

" Peopleorganizationsshouldgetrecognizedfortakingtheresponsibilityofconservingallthewaterbodiesincludingirrigationtanks,villagetanksandfarmpondsthroughregularrenovationandmaintenance.

" Governmentorganizationsshouldfacilitatethirdpartysocialauditinallgovernmentimplementedprojectsforitseffectivenessandsuitablesuggestionsproposedhavetobeincorporatedbytheconcernedimplementationagencies.

" Actionresearchprojectsneedtobeundertakentoassesstheimpactof


conservationprojectsonlivelihoodsenhancement.

" Communityownershipneedstobepromotedandstrengthenedfortheconservationofsurfacewaterbodiestosustaintheagriculturelivelihoodsbypromotingvillagecouncils.

Wastewater Use and Livelihoods

" Thereisaneedfordevelopingtotalsanitationpoliciesatthestateleveltofacilitatecommunity-basedwastewatertreatmenttechnologiestopromoteahealthyenvironmentinruralandurbanareas.

" Asanitationtaskforcewithpeoplerepresentingdistrictadministration,hospitals,schoolsandNGOsneedstobepromotedtomonitorwastewatertreatmentprojects.

" Awarenessontotalsanitationneedstobecreatedinvillagesandurbanslumsandthesubjecthastobeintroducedaspartofthecurriculuminallschools.

Securing Water in Tank Cascades for Agriculture Livelihoods in Gundar Basin, Tamil Nadu

" Inalltankintensivestates,anexclusivetankfedagricultureauthorityhastobepromotedtoaddresstankbasedfoodsecurityissues.

" Theencroachmentactshouldbeenforcedtopreventtheillegaluseofwaterbodiesandlandstoarrestthewaterpollutionanddamagestotheresources.

" Astankfedagricultureisthemajorlivelihoodofmostofthefarmers,thetankfedagriculturemissionneedstobeintroducedinthe12thand13thfiveyearplanstoenhanceagriculturebasedlivelihoods.

" NationalRuralLivelihoodMissionhastoearmarkadequatefundsandcreateanexclusivefundingchanneltoenhanceskillsofyouthfarmersandwomentoimproveagriculturebasedlivelihoodsintankintensivestates.

" InternationaldevelopmentagenciesandnationalresearchinstitutionssuchasICAR

andDSTshouldpromotearesearchfundtoundertakestudiesonevolvingscientifictechniquestoassesstheimpactofclimatechangeontankstorage,croppingpatterns,degradationoftanklands,andhydrologicmodelling.Thecurriculumontankbasedlivelihoodshastobeintroducedinallsocial,agricultureandengineeringstudies.

" Financialinstitutionsshouldcreateaflexiblecreditportfoliofortankfarmerswithaffordableinterestratestoencourageagriculture-basedlivelihoods.NABARDshouldcreateanewfundingportfolioforaddressingthecreditneedsofthefarmerstodeveloptankfedagriculturewithRIDFandWDF

" Thereisaneedforpromotinginsuranceproductstoaddresshighrisksandvulnerabilitiesofthepoorfarmers.

" Governmentpoliciesshouldencouragecorporationstocomevoluntarilytoinvestinthedevelopmentoffreshwaterresourcesundertheircorporatesocialresponsibilitypolicies.CSRfundsshouldbeusedforcreatingawareness,buildingdatabase,infrastructuredevelopmentandpolicyadvocacyinordertoachievesignificantdevelopment.

Inland Fisheries and Livelihoods: Learning from Grassroots

Itwasunanimouslyresolvedtoadoptthenecessarytechnicalandpracticalsolutionstoenhancetheruralfisheriesrelatedlivelihoodsaroundwaterbodies.Theimportanttechniquesamongthemaregivenbelow:

" Thesizeoffishseedsshouldbeintherangeof3to5inches,sothatthegestationperiodwouldnotbemorethanfourmonths.

" Fishseedscanberearedinfarmpondstoproducehealthyfingerlingsofrequiredsize.

" Thelivelihoodoflandlesshouseholdsthroughfishrearinginwaterresourceslikeirrigationtanksandvillagepondstobefocused.

" Ornamentalfishrearinginfarmpondswouldbetakenup.Moreover,initiativeswouldbetakenuptoadvocatetotheTamilNadu


Governmentforapolicyoninlandfisheriesandtoestablishafisheriesresourcecentreinrainfedareastoprovidetechnicalsupport.ThesimilarstepswouldbefollowedtoprovidelegalfisheryrightstothewaterusersassociationsformedonitsownorbyanyagenciesincludingNGOs.

IWMI-TATA Water Policy Research Program: Technologies Tested and Promoted in Project Areas

" Capacity-buildingonusingthetechnologiestograduatethelivelihoodsstatusofthefarmingfamiliesfromoneleveltoanotherisrequired.

" Traditionalwaterharvestingstructuresshouldbeconservedtoimprovethewateravailability.

" Itwasdeclaredthatwhereverthefarmersareusinggroundwater,theyshouldadoptmicroirrigationmethod.

Microfinance and Livelihoods

People Living with HIV and Livelihood

" PeopleaffectedbyHIV/AIDShavetobeorganizedasspecialself-helpgroupsandtheirnetworkshavetobemain-streamedtoavailthebenefitsandtheirentitlementswithdignity.

" TheGovernmentatstateandcentrallevelshastoenactsuitablelawsforpreventingdiscriminationagainstPLHIVs.

National Workshop on Safeguarding the Livelihoods of the Poor through Health Insurance under UHIS

" AstheoutreachofhealthinsuranceproductsunderUHISisverylow,thereisaneedforimprovingtheproductfeaturesandsimplifyingthedocumentationandclaimproceduresattheinsurancecompanylevel.

Convergence of Microfinance and Tribal Livelihoods

" Astheissuesintribalareasarediverse,thereisaneedforpromotingreplicableandcontext-specificmicrofinancemodelstofacilitatethetribalpeopletoaccesslivelihoodsfinance.

" Thereneedstobeallocationofspecialfundstoexperimentandpromotealternativesustainablelivelihoodsmodelsinthetribalareas.

" Thenativetribalcultureandpracticesshouldbepreservedwhileevolvinganintegratedtribaldevelopmentmodel.

" Richnaturalresourcesavailableintribalareasprovidemoreopportunitiesforlivelihoods.Careshouldbetakenthatthenativetribesarebenefitedbytheseresources.Regulationsshouldbelaidtopreventexploitationbyprivateorganizationsandcorporateinthetribalareas.


" StrongcollaborationamongtheGovernment,NGOs,peopleorganizationsandbanksistobepromotedinalltribalareaswiththemissionon“achievingsustainablelivelihoods”.

National Workshop on Safeguarding Livelihoods for the Poor through Life Insurance under JBY

JanshreeBimaYojana(JBY)istheinsuranceprogrammeofferedbytheGovernmentofIndiaforthepoorinIndia.

" AstheclaimratioofJBYis50to60percentonly,thenecessaryinitiativeshavetobetakenuptoharnessthescopeforincreasingthebenefitsto₨50,000fornaturaldeathand₨100,000foraccidentaldeathfromthepresentbenefitof₨30,000and₨75,000respectively.

" Consideringthepresentlifeexpectancyatbirth,theeligibleagecouldbefixedupto65years.

" InthecaseofJBYforprimitivetribes,stakeholdersshouldtakeinitiativestomakethemawareandfacilitateaccessingofthebenefitsofthescheme.

" Toavailthebenefitofeducationalscholarshipbythe15percentofinsuredmembers,90percentoftheeligiblemembersintherespectiveself-helpgroupfederationsaretobecoveredunderJBY.

Micro-justice and Livelihood

" Legalissuesaroundlicensingforvendors,protectingthemfrompoliceharassment,usuryneedtobeaddressedthroughpeopleorganisations

" Tofacilitatetimelyactionagainstaffectedwomenmembersthroughmicrojustice,steeringcommitteehastobeformedincollaborationwiththepolicedepartment,socialwelfareandjudicialsystem.

" Amicrojusticecommitteehastobepromotedatthevillage,panchayatandblockleveltoaddressfamily,villageandsocietallivelihoodissues.

Other Livelihoods

Micro-planning and Livelihoods at Local Self Government Institutions

" Microplanninghastobemademandatoryaspartoftheconstitutionprovisionandpriorityhastobegivenforlivelihood-basedplanning,whichwouldincludepeopleinstitutionsatthepanchayatlevel.TheDistrictplanningcommitteeshouldbethenodalagencytofacilitatetheprocess.

" Capacity-buildingisrequiredformain-streamingthemicroplanningprocessforlocalself-governmentinstitutionsanddistrictlevelauthoritiestomakeitasapeopleplannedcampaignprogrammesimilartothatofKerala’smodel.

" Theimplementationofvariousgovernmentschemesandpeopleinitiativesshouldbebasedonthemicroplanningoutcome

" Rigorousstudiesandpilotshavetobetakenuponmicroplanningforlivelihoodsenhancement

Advancing Conservation, Cultivation, and Consumption of Small Millets for Ensuring Food Security

" Thereislimitedresearchsofaronsmallmilletsinalmostalltheagriculturaluniversities.Consideringthenutritivevalueandotheradvantagesofcultivatingsmallmillets,theuniversitiesneedtogiveattentiononmilletresearch.

" Advancingconservation,cultivationandconsumptionacrossthecountrycanbeanimportantpartofthesolutionsforenhancingthedietarydiversityandforaddressingthecurrentnutritionalissuesplaguingthecountry.Allthestakeholdersneedtoconcentrateonadvancingthosethreeaspectssmallmillets.

" Participatoryplantbreedingneedstobeconcentratedfortheconservationofsmallmilletsanditsassociatedcrops.Agriculturaluniversitiesneedtoappreciatetheparticipatoryplantbreeding.


" Attentionmustbethereontheprocessingofmillets,andvalueaddedmilletproductsneedtobepromotedinthemarkettoincreasetheconsumptionofmillets.

" Theavailablefarmers’bestpracticesandindigenousagriculturalimplementsneedtobedocumentedandfacilitatedthefarmerstofollowtoreducethecostofmilletcultivation.

" PolicychangetopromoteAlternatePDSisneededtosupplythemilletstothecommunityatasubsidizedpricesothatthelocalcommunitywouldhavemilletsintheirfoodhabit.

Sustainable Livelihoods: An Experience of SKDRDP

" Areaspecificdevelopmentmodelswithsustainablelivelihoodperspectivesaretobeidentifiedandfostered.

" TheimplementingNGOsneedtohaveenoughcapacityandclarityoflong-termlivelihoodinterventions.

" Sustainablefinancewithsuitableproductsshouldbeensuredbybanksandthegovernment.

" Inimplementinglarge-farm-basedinterventions,theproducercompaniesframeworkneedstobestrengthened.

Tourism-Based Livelihoods

" Theroleoflocalgovernance,particularlyPanchayat-levelinvolvement,isvitaltopromoteruraltourism.

" Therewerefiveemergingopportunitiesidentifiedintourismbasedlivelihoods:traditionalfoodindustries;handicraftpromotiontoensurelivelihoodstoartisans;greenbusiness(paperbagproductionandwastemanagement);multi-yearmicroplanning(MYMP)onlivelihoodspromotionatthePanchayatlevel;andhardwareworkandinfrastructuredevelopment.

Greening Urban Development and Livelihoods

" CreationofawarenessontheimportanceofkeepingMaduraiGreenamongthecitypublic

andpromotionoflivelihoodopportunitiesbasedonitisimportant.

" TheMaduraiCorporationcancomeoutwitharesolutionof“plasticfreecity”likeKanyakumaridistrict.

" ThepublicinMaduraihavetobeinvolvedinthepromotionandmaintenanceofparksandgardensbyprovidingemploymentforthedeservingfamiliesandself-helpgroups.

" Solidwastemanagement(SWM)shouldbemanagedbyCBOsandNGOsbyprovidingemploymentopportunitiestothecitypublicwhichwouldresultinthegenerationofincome.

Youth and Livelihoods

" Agriculturebasedlivelihoodsneedstobegivendueattentionthroughskillbuildingonagriculturetechnologiesamongtheyouthfarmers.Collectiveproduction/marketingshouldbedoneforbetterwellbeingoftheyouthfamilies.

" Blocklevelcounsellingcentresforemploymentopportunitiesofyouthshouldbeestablished

" Skillbuildingonself-employmentneedstobefocusedforyouthlivelihooddevelopment

" YouthshouldbeconnectedtotheoutsideworldthroughinformationandcommunicationstechnologytotakeupICTbasedlivelihood.

" Thegovernmentschemesandprogrammesshouldbemadeavailabletotheyouthatthevillagelevel.

" Educationshouldreachruralyouthandcareercounsellingshouldbeintegratedinalleducationaldesignstocreatemoreemploymentchoices.

" Thegovernmentshouldensureequalopportunitiesinavailingfinancialsupportfromvariousfinancialinstitutions.

" Youthshouldbeencouragedtobeinvolvedinvariousyouthforumstounleashtheirpotentialforaholisticlivelihoodsdevelopmentinthesociety.

Financial Statements


‘TRIDIPA’GroundFloor,46/2,ICross,SomeshwarapuraExtension,(1ACross,Cambridgelayout),

Ulsoor,BANGALORE-560008.Tel.:91-80-25364740/25368228Fax:91-80-25367711

Email:[email protected]

FORM NO. 10B

Auditreportundersection12A(b)oftheIncomeTaxAct,1961inthecaseofcharitableorreligioustrustsorinstitutions.

WehaveexaminedtheconsolidatedBalanceSheetofDHAN (Development of Humane Action) Foundation,18,PillayarKoilStreet,S.S.Colony,Madurai–625010,Tamilnadu,India(PermanentAccountNumber:AAA TD 2591 B)asat31March2012andtheconsolidatedIncomeandExpenditureAccountfortheyearendedonthatdatewhichareinagreementwiththebooksofaccountmaintainedbythesaidTrust.

ThisfinancialstatementistheresponsibilityoftheTrust’smanagement.Ourresponsibilityistoexpressanopiniononthefinancialstatementbasedonouraudit.

WeconductedourauditinaccordancewithauditingstandardsgenerallyacceptedinIndia.Thosestandardsrequirethatweplanandperformtheaudittoobtainreasonableassuranceaboutwhetherthefinancialstatementsarefreeofmaterialmisstatement.Anauditincludesexamining,onatestbasis,evidencesupportingtheamountsanddisclosuresinthefinancialstatements.Anauditalsoincludesassessingtheaccountingprinciplesusedandsignificantestimatesmadebymanagement,aswellasevaluatingtheoverallfinancialstatementpresentation.Webelievethatourauditprovidesareasonablebasisforouropinion.

Wehaveobtainedalltheinformationandexplanationswhichtothebestofourknowledgeandbeliefwerenecessaryforthepurposesoftheauditsubjecttononconfirmationofbalancesofcertainloansandadvances,bankbalances,donorbalancesandcurrentliabilities.Inouropinion,properbooksofaccounthavebeenkeptbytheheadofficeandbranchesoftheTrustsofarasappearsfromourexaminationofthebooks.

Inouropinionandtothebestofourinformationandaccordingtotheinformationgiventous,thesaidaccountsgiveatrueandfairview:

i) inthecaseoftheconsolidatedBalanceSheetofthestateofaffairsoftheabovenamedtrustasat31March2012and

ii) inthecaseoftheconsolidatedincomeandexpenditureaccountoftheexcessofexpenditureoveritsincomeofitsaccountingyearendingon31March2012.

Theprescribedparticularsareannexedhereto. forSUNANDA&SHESHADRI CharteredAccountants

FirmRegistrationNumber:004191S

Sd/-Place:Madurai K.SHESHADRIDate:06August2012 Partner MembershipNumber:20956.

Financial Statements


DHAN (Development of Humane Action) Foundation

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET

(in Rupees)

Schedule March 31, 2012 March 31, 2011

A S S E T S

FIXEDASSETS

Writtenoffaspercontra 1 100,805,585 109,425,544

LandandBuildingfundedfromDHANCorpus 1 32,144,517 15,052,593

INVESTMENTS 2 103,155,300 112,368,009

CURRENTASSETS,LOANSANDADVANCES

BankBalances 3 37,084,647 41,956,605

LoansandAdvances 4 9,684,484 16,384,047

SPECIFIEDFUNDS 6 30,220,947 21,119,707

Total 313,095,480 316,306,505

L I A B I L I T I E S

CORPUSANDCAPITALFUND 5 150,266,267 135,986,759

SPECIFIEDFUNDS 6 60,046,060 69,664,549

CURRENTLIABILITIES 7 1,977,568 1,229,653

FIXEDASSETSWRITTENOFFASPERCONTRA 1 100,805,585 109,425,544

Total 313,095,480 316,306,505

NotesonAccounts 11

Schedules1to7&11formanintegralpartoftheBalanceSheet

AsperourReportofevendate Sd/- Sd/- ForSunanda&Sheshadri Chairman Treasurer Chartered Accountants


Sd/- Sd/- ExecutiveDirector K. SHESHADRIMadurai Partner June23,2012 MembershipNumber:20956.



CONSOLIDATED INCOME AND EXPENDITURE ACCOUNT(in Rupees)

FOR THE YEAR ENDED Schedule March 31, 2012 March 31, 2011

I N C O M E : Grantsreceived 8 181,458,839 183,858,691OtherReceipts 9 14,377,181 14,922,762

Total 195,836,020 198,781,453

E X P E N D I T U R E:

Community Banking ProgrammeProgrammeImplementation 47,158,568 46,900,892CapitalExpenditure 1 903,013 6,650,856

Tank fed Agriculture ProgrammeProgrammeImplementation 51,981,627 38,319,426CapitalExpenditure 1 227,365 1,380,227

Rainfed Agriculture ProgrammeProgrammeImplementation 18,401,356 2,754,163CapitalExpenditure 1 573,869 -

Coastal Agriculture and Livelihood programmeProgrammeImplementation 27,628,217 31,705,800CapitalExpenditure 1 497,350 16,900

New Themes and Other ProgrammesProgrammeImplementation 40,485,572 42,791,230CapitalExpenditure 1 1,404,587 6,452,426

Central Support SystemProgrammeImplementation 12,983,281 12,791,671CapitalExpenditure 1 51,445 944,962

Excess of (Expenditure over Income)/Income over Expenditure (6,460,230) 8,072,900

Total 195,836,020 198,781,453

AppropriationofExcessof(ExpenditureoverIncome)/ 10 (6,460,230) 8,072,900IncomeoverExpenditure

NotesonAccounts 11

Schedules1&8to11formanintegralpartoftheIncomeandExpenditureaccount

AsperourReportofevendate Sd/- Sd/- ForSunanda&Sheshadri Chairman Treasurer Chartered Accountants


Sd/- Sd/- ExecutiveDirector K. SHESHADRIMadurai Partner June23,2012 MembershipNumber:20956.


Com

mu

nit

y Ban

kin

g Pro

gram

me

FreeholdLand

2,016,436

-

-

2,016,436

-

-

-

2,016,436

2,016,436

Land&Building

11,469,614

420,150

-

11,889,764

2,566,376

10

932,339

3,498,715

8,391,049

8,903,238

Furniture andFixtures

1,056,309

29,559

-

1,085,868

578,202

10

50,767

628,969

456,899

478,107

OfficeEq

uipm

ents

393,941

21,590

-

415,531

266,231

15

22,395

288,626

126,905

127,710

ProfessionalEqu

ipments

4,872,280

193,300

-

5,065,580

4,513,999

60

330,949

4,844,948

220,632

358,281

ElectricalFittings

360,137

12,330

-

372,467

248,134

10

12,434

260,568

111,899

112,003

Vehicles

5,486,225

-

-

5,486,225

3,503,354

15

297,431

3,800,785

1,685,440

1,982,871

Staff

Vehicles

514,163

226,084

267,269

472,978

-

-

-

-

472,978

514,163

Plant &M

achinery

1,304,686

-

-

1,304,686

618,332

15

102,953

721,285

583,401

686,354

T ota

l

I

27,4

73,7

91

903

,013

2

67,2

69

28,

109,

535

1

2,29

4,62

8

1

,749

,268

1

4,04

3,89

6

14,

065,

639

1

5,17

9,16

3

Tank F

ed A

gric

ult

ure

Pro

gram

me

FreeholdLand

176,689

-

-

176,689

-

-

-

176,689

176,689

FurnitureandFixtures

685,935

25,100

-

711,035

331,125

10

37,991

369,116

341,919

354,810

OfficeEq

uipm

ents

328,716

21,100

-

349,816

208,361

15

21,219

229,580

120,236

120,355

ProfessionalEqu

ipments

4,387,671

83,345

-

4,471,016

3,737,586

60

440,058

4,177,644

293,372

650,085

ElectricalFittings

194,381

-

-

194,381

118,507

10

7,588

126,095

68,286

75,874

Staff

Vehicles

124,207

97,820

74,082

147,945

-

-

-

-

147,945

124,207

Vehicles

1,773,575

-

-

1,773,575

1,110,367

99,481

1,209,848

563,727

663,208

Plant&M

achinery

1,323,300

-

-

1,323,300

1,165,387

15

23,687

1,189,074

134,226

157,913

Tota

l

II

8,

994,

474

2

27,3

65

74,

082

9

,147

,757

6

,671

,333

630

,024

7

,301

,357

1

,846

,400

2

,323

,141

Rai

nfe

d A

gric

ult

ure

Pro

gram

me


38,175

-

38,175

10

3,818

3,818

34,357

-

OfficeEq

uipm

ents

22,035

-

22,035

15

3,305

3,305

18,730

-

ProfessionalEqu

ipments

512,959

-

512,959

60

307,775

307,775

205,184

-

ElectricalFittings

700

-

700

10

70

70

630

-

T ota

l I

II

-

573

,869

-

573

,869

-

3

14,9

68

314

,968

2

58,9

01

-

Coa

stal

Agr

icult

ure

an

d Li

velih

ood

pro

gram

me

FreeholdLand

6,977,521

-

-

6,977,521

-

-

-

-

6,977,521

6,977,521

Land&Building

22,007,184

-

-

22,007,184

7,313,416

10

1,469,377

8,782,793

13,224,391

14,693,768

Furniture andFixtures

865,165

325,250

-

1,190,415

394,479

10

79,594

474,073

716,342

470,686

Office Eq

uipm

ents

837,169

-

-

837,169

451,689

15

57,822

509,511

327,658

385,480

ProfessionalEqu

ipments

6,172,915

170,600

-

6,343,515

5,949,063

60

236,671

6,185,734

157,781

223,852

ElectricalFittings

388,364

1,500

-

389,864

186,941

10

20,292

207,233

182,631

201,423

Part

icul

ars

As

on

31.0

3.20

12 D

elet

ion

(Tra

nsfe

r)

DH

AN

(Dev

elop

men

t of H

uman

e A

ctio

n) F

ound

atio

n

SCH

EDU

LES

TO C

ON

SOLI

DAT

ED B

ALA

NC

E SH

EET

AS

AT M

AR

CH

31,

201

2 (i

n R

upee

s)

Sched

ule

1 :

Fixe

d A

sset

s A

s on

01

.04.

2011

Add

itio

n

( Tra

nsfe

r)

As

on

31.0

3.20

12 f

or t

he

ye

ar A

s on

01

.04.

2011

R

ate

As

on

1.03

.201

1 A

s on

31

.03.

2012

G R

O S

S

B L

O C

K

A T

C

O S

T

D E

P R

E C

I A

T I

ON

N E

T B

L O

CK


PlantandMachinery

11,291,517

-

-

11,291,517

4,357,122

15

1,040,159

5,397,281

5,894,236

6,934,395

Vehicles

5,703,756

-

-

5,703,756

3,640,486

15

309,491

3,949,977

1,753,779

2,063,270

Tota

l

IV

54,

243,

591

4

97,3

50

-

5

4,74

0,94

1

22,

293,

196

3,2

13,4

06

25,

506,

602

2

9,23

4,33

9

31,

950,

395

New

Th

emes

an

d O

ther

Pro

gram

mes

FreeholdLand

2,470,674

-

-

2,470,674

-

-

-

2,470,674

2,470,674

Building

51,131,743

321,057

-

51,452,800

5,947,957

10

4,550,484

10,498,441

40,954,359

45,183,786

BuildingworkinProgress

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


1,808,913

-

-

1,808,913

826,913

10

98,200

925,113

883,800

982,000

OfficeEq

uipm

ents

764,333

-

-

764,333

450,001

15

47,150

497,151

267,182

314,332

ProfessionalEqu

ipments

7,995,973

221,780

-

8,217,753

7,530,115

60

412,583

7,942,698

275,055

465,858

ElectricalFittings

532,543

-

-

532,543

310,520

10

22,202

332,722

199,821

222,023

Vehicles

2,121,431

-

-

2,121,431

1,215,073

15

135,954

1,351,027

770,404

906,358

Staff

Vehicles

73,390

-

26,334

47,056

-

-

-

47,056

73,390

Plant&M

achinery

2,270,971

861,750

-

3,132,721

578,346

15

383,156

961,502

2,171,219

1,692,625

Tota

l

V

69,

169,

971

1

,404

,587

2

6,33

4

70,

548,

224

1

6,85

8,92

5

5

,649

,729

2

2,50

8,65

4

48,

039,

570

5

2,31

1,04

6

Cen

tral

Supp

ort

Syst

em*

FreeholdLand

5,983,156

-

-

5,983,156

-

-

-

-

5,983,156

5,983,156


218,347

-

-

218,347

123,055

10

9,529

132,584

85,763

95,292

OfficeEq

uipm

ents

91,630

-

-

91,630

73,319

15

2,747

76,066

15,564

18,311

ProfessionalEqu

ipments

618,526

-

-

618,526

603,669

60

8,914

612,583

5,943

14,857

ElectricalFittings

84,924

-

-

84,924

63,780

10

2,115

65,895

19,029

21,144

Vehicles

1,764,313

-

-

1,764,313

469,741

15

194,186

663,927

1,100,386

1,294,572

Staff

Vehicles

234,467

51,445

135,017

150,895

-

-

-

150,895

234,467

Tota

l

VI

8

,995

,363

5

1,44

5

135

,017

8

,911

,791

1

,333

,564

217

,491

1

,551

,055

7

,360

,736

7

,661

,799

T ota

l (

I+II

+III

+IV

+V+V

I)

1

68,8

77,1

90

3,6

57,6

29

502

,702

1

72,0

32,1

17

59,

451,

646

11,

774,

886

7

1,22

6,53

2

100

,805

,585

1

09,4

25,5

44

Off

ice

Buildi

ng

Fun

ded

from

Ow

n C

orpu

sFreeholdland

2,094,344

-

-

2,094,344

-

-

-

2,094,344

2,094,344

BuildingworkinProgress

12,958,249

17,091,924

-

30,050,173

-

-

-

30,050,173

12,958,249

Tota

l

15,

052,

593

1

7,09

1,92

4

-

3

2,14

4,51

7

-

-

-

-

32,

144,

517

1

5,05

2,59

3

Part

icul

ars

As

on

31.0

3.20

12

Del

etio

n (T

rans

fer)

A

s on

01

.04.

2011

A

ddit

ion

( T

rans

fer)

A

s on

31

.03.

2012

f

or t

he

ye

ar

As

on

01.0

4.20

11

A

s on

31

.03.

2011

As

on

31.0

3.20

12

G R

O S

S

B L

O C

K

A T

C

O S

T

D E

P R

E C

I A

T I

ON

N E

T B

L O

CK

DH

AN

(Dev

elop

men

t of H

uman

e A

ctio

n) F

ound

atio

n

SCH

EDU

LES

TO C

ON

SOLI

DAT

ED B

ALA

NC

E SH

EET

AS

AT M

AR

CH

31,

201

2 (i

n R

upee

s)

Sched

ule

1 :

Fixe

d A

sset

s (C

ontd

..)

Madurai

Sd/-

Sd/-

Sd/-

June23,2012

Chairman

ExecutiveDirector

Treasurer

Rat

e



SCHEDULES TO CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET (in Rupees)

March 31, 2012 March 31, 2011

Schedule 2 : Investments FordFoundationCorpusDepositswith:HousingDevelopmentFinancialCorporation 9,700,000 17,200,000FixedDepositswithREPCOBank 19,312,583 17,500,000FixedDepositswithCityUnionBank 12,500,000 5,000,000FixedDepositswithPandiyanGramaBank 7,039,345 6,657,422FixedDepositswithCanaraBank 872,483 49,424,411 821,225

SirDorabjiTataTrustCorpusFundDeposits: Govt.ofIndiaRBIbonds 8,636,000 8,636,000Postoffice-KisanVikasPatraScheme 7,500,000 7,500,000FixedDepositwithREPCOBank 17,917,642 17,060,775FixedDepositwithPandianGrammaBank 3,957,423 38,011,065 426,917

DHANown/Tata-DhanAcadmey/OtherCorpusFundDeposits:FixedDepositswithCityUnionBank 1,050,617 3,545,000FixedDepositswithPandiyanGramaBank 2,805,673 9,542,495FixedDepositswithREPCOBank 401,155 1,824,522FixedDepositswithCanaraBank - 4,257,445 2,377,157

CommunityRiskReserve&OtherFundswith:FixedDepositswithPandiyanGramaBank 8,229,091 5,560,261FixedDepositswithCanaraBank 3,233,288 3,000,000FixedDepositswithHDFC - 11,462,379 5,716,235

Total 103,155,300 112,368,009

Schedule 3 : Bank BalancesInSavingsaccounts 18,652,850 22,664,279InFixedDeposits 18,431,797 19,292,326

Total 37,084,647 41,956,605

Schedule 4 : Loans and AdvancesAdvancesRecoverable: ProjectAdvancestostaff 339,082 180,229Deposits 1,504,844 1,933,034OtherAdvancesRecoverable 7,840,558 14,270,784

Total 9,684,484 16,384,047

Madurai Sd/- Sd/- Sd/-June23,2012 Chairman ExecutiveDirector Treasurer


Sched

ule

5 :

Cor

pus

and

Cap

ital

Fund

Corpu

sFund

FordFoundation

45,608,871

-

3,595,318

(2,821,888)

-46,382,301

SirDorabjiTataTrust

33,622,699

-

2,259,090

(1,577,060)

-34,304,729

DHANFoundationOwn

20,783,819

1,500,000

10,980,601

(1,652,417)

(17,091,924)

14,520,079

TataDHANAcademy

2,000,000

-

151,726

(151,726)

-

2,000,000

DHANFoundationOwnBuildingCorpu

s15,052,593

-

-

-

17,091,924

32,144,517

Tota

l 1

17,0

67,9

82

1,5

00,0

00

16,

986,

735

(

6,20

3,09

1)

-

129

,351

,626

CapitalFun

d18,918,777

-

1,995,864

20,914,641

Tota

l 1

35,9

86,7

59

1,5

00,0

00

16,

986,

735

(

4,20

7,22

7)

1

50,2

66,2

67

Sched

ule

6 :

Spec

ifie

d Fu

nd

Donors’Account-Net

30,655,915

(2,647,711)

(25,059,314)

2,948,890

Sir RatanTataTrust(SRTT

)RevolvingFun

d

376,000

-

-

-

376,000

OtherRevolvingfu

ndreturns

5,400,331

3,167,720

-

-

8,568,051

Com

mun

ity RiskReserveFun

d 10,621,957

-

4,147,385

-

14,769,342

BookFund

412,419

-

-

-

412,419

VehicleFun

d 1,078,220

-

1,942,000

(269,809)

2,750,411

Tota

l 4

8,54

4,84

2

520

,009

6

,089

,385

(

25,3

29,1

23)

-

2

9,82

5,11

3

Less

: Don

ors’

acc

ount

net

bal

ance

incl

uded

abo

ve

30,

655,

915

1

7,88

8,92

7

2

,948

,890

17,

888,

927

2

6,87

6,22

3 A

dd: D

onor

s’ a

ccou

nt

Surp

lus

bala

nce

s 5

1,77

5,62

2 5

1,77

5,62

2

33,

169,

837

33,

169,

837

Don

ors’

acc

ount

Defi

cit

bala

nces

2

1,11

9,70

7

30,

220,

947

Tota

l 6

9,66

4,54

9

60,

046,

060

Madurai

Sd/-

Sd/-

Sd/-

June23,2012

Chairman

ExecutiveDirector

Treasurer

Part

icul

ars

Clo

sing

B

alan

ce a

s on

M

ar 3

1, 2

012

Am

ount

s no

t in

clud

ed in

In

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d Ex

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es

as o

n

Apr

1, 2

011

App

ropr

iati

on f

rom

In

com

e an

d ex

pen

ditu

re a

/c

Inco

me

Surp

lus

/ (E

xpen

ses)

DH

AN

(Dev

elop

men

t of H

uman

e A

ctio

n) F

ound

atio

n

SCH

EDU

LES

TO C

ON

SOLI

DAT

ED B

ALA

NC

E SH

EET

Tran

sfer

red

to

Bui

ldin

g C

orpu

s


SCHEDULES TO CONSOLIDATED INCOME AND EXPENDITURE ACCOUNT(in Rupees)

March 31, 2012 March 31, 2011

Schedule 8 : Grants Received From Foreign Agencies

OxfamNovib-TheNetherlands 25,031,717 11,088,190

RabobankFoundation,TheNetherlands 21,672,642 16,799,789

HIVOS-TheNetherlands 21,103,800 29,335,324

PopulationServiceInternational-USA 238,020 1,234,231

InternationalLabourOffice-Switzerland 2,693,840 6,586,260

KarunaiIllamTrust,Newzealand 2,173,235 2,123,433

ConsortiumofDEWATSdisseminationSociety 105,600 319,500

InternationalWaterManagementInstitute 824,230 880,590

HOPEinternational 798,629 173,420

DonationsforTankrenovationworks 254,400 619,437

NewZealandHighCommission,NewDelhi 980,151 441,143

OxfamIndia 2,500,000 44,528,479

InternationalDevelopmentResearchCentre(IDRC) 5,100,583 12,033,784

Caritas,Switzerland 3,718,700 5,500,446

EkalVidyalayaFoundationofIndia 823,000 2,000,000

GreenFoundation 381,762 455,255

FordFoundation 366,420 -

MicropensionFoundation 4,805,750 -

GIZ,NewDelhi 1,025,500 -

Others 49,500 1,090,862

From Indian Agencies

HindustanUnileverLimited 12,000,000 15,000,000

SirDorabjiTataTrust 5,000,000 6,000,000

NationalBankforAgricultureandRuralDevelopment 8,445,379 3,687,815


SCHEDULES TO CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET

(in Rupees)

March 31, 2012 March 31, 2011

Schedule 7 : Current Liabilities

Payablesetc 1,977,568 1,229,653

Total 1,977,568 1,229,653




March 31, 2012 March 31, 2011

TamilnaduPudhuVaazhvuProject-GoTN 4,202,607 2,595,685

NationalAgriculturalInnovationProject(NAIP),Govt.ofIndia 1,856,431 2,421,119

ITCRuralDevelopmentTrust 2,429,000 2,171,676

StatePlanningCommission-GoTN 200,000 807,945

JalaSamvardhaneYojanaSangha-GoK 3,467,101 1,197,854

DistrictRuralDevelopmentAgency-TamilNadu 831,882 561,829

DWMA/APCBTMP,Govt.ofAP 2,492,730 956,505

NationalInstituteofRuralDevelopment 3,027,810 862,327

MAVIM,GovtofMaharashtra 13,778,848 330,000

FIMSUL 762,350 190,000

CAIMProject,Govt.ofMaharashtra 900,000 125,000

BharatPetroleumCorporationLimited 11,609,233 586,000

NavajbaiRatanTataTrust 1,446,500 -

CoirBoard-Govt.ofIndia 169,341 -

MunicipalAdministration 508,000 -

UNDPNewDelhi 201,225 -

Award-JindalFoundation 10,000,000 -

GrantsforMaduraiSymposium 2,147,755 -

Others 1,335,168 11,154,793

Total 181,458,839 183,858,691

Schedule 9 : Other Receipts InterestfromInvestmentofCorpusandotherfunds 8,079,240 9,962,546

OtherInterestfromBanks 1,763,639 2,433,096

OtherIncome 1,597,900 2,507,620

Donations 2,936,402 19,500

Total 14,377,181 14,922,762

Madurai Sd/- Sd/- Sd/-June23,2012 Chairman ExecutiveDirector Treasurer




March 31, 2012 March 31, 2011

Schedule 10: Appropriation of Excess of (Expenditure over income) / Income over Expenditure

Excessof(ExpenditureoverIncome)/Incomeoverexpenditure (6,460,230) 8,072,900

Transfer :

From Investment income

FordFoundationCorpusFund 3,595,318 2,442,961

SirDorabjiTataTrustcorpusFund 2,259,090 2,417,278

DHANFoundationownCorpusFund 980,601 4,094,681

TataDhanAcademyCorpusFund 151,726 120,473

RevolvingFund - 593,787

CommunityRiskReserveFund 974,519 293,366

Community Risk Reserve Fund from Grant Income 3,172,866 2,500,000

Vehicle Fund 1,942,000 876,732

DHAN Corpus from Award Income 10,000,000 1,000,000

Of Expenses to Corpus funds

DHANFoundationOwn (1,652,417) -

SirDorabjiTataTrust (1,577,060) (1,505,075)

FordFoundation (2,821,888) (2,850,572)

VehicleFund (269,809) (894,812)

TataDhanAcademyCorpusfund (151,726) (120,473)

Of Surplus / (Deficit)

CapitalFund-NetSurplus 1,995,864 1,989,055

OtherDonors’-Net(Deficit) (25,059,314) (2,884,501)

Total (6,460,230) 8,072,900

Madurai Sd/- Sd/- Sd/-July23,2012 Chairman ExecutiveDirector Treasurer



Schedules to Balance Sheet & Income and Expenditure account - Consolidated - for the year ended March 31, 2012

Schedule 11 : Notes on accounts

1. TheguidingprinciplesthatarefundamentaltotheTrustare:

1.1 Highqualityhumanresourceswillbeengagedingrassrootswork.Thefocusoftheworkwillbeonenablingratherthandeliveringthroughdirectaction.

1.2 Valuecollaborationwithmainstreaminstitutionsandgovernmenttodemonstratenewandeffectivewaysofdevelopmentinterventionandtobuildviablelinkagesbetweenpeopleandmainstream.

1.3 Promotingpeople’sorganisationsatvariouslevels,withfocusononeparticularthemeforsustainability.

1.4 Thestrategyforgrowthistowardsenrichingthethemesandretainsubsectoralfocus.

2. Inpursuanceofitsobjectsandbasedontheguidingprinciplessetoutinpara1abovetheTrust:

2.1 Undertakesprojectsandfacilitatesgovernmentandprivatelocalinstitutionsponsoredprojectsforpromotion,renovationandmaintenanceofirrigationsystems,andofnaturalresources,bylandtreatment,watershedmanagement,afforestation,wastelanddevelopmentandmanagementandalsohousing/housingfinancefortheneedy.

2.2 Promoteswomen’smutualcreditandsavingsgroups,associationsofsuchgroupsandfederationsofsuchassociationstoenhancethesavingsandborrowingpowerofthepoortopromoteincomegenerationactivitiesfortheirlivelihood.

2.3 Workswiththepoorthroughlocallyactivegroups,informalandotherwise,intheaccomplishmentofitsobjectives.

2.4 Providestechnicalandmanagementassistancetosimilarvoluntaryagencies,institutions,governmentdepartmentsandfundingagenciesinvolvedindevelopmentalworkinIndia.Thereimbursementofcost/servicesareaccountedundertheheadTechnoManagerialservicereceipts&otherreceipts.

3. InthecourseofimplementingthedevelopmentprojectstheTrustfacilitatesthemobilisationofsubstantialresourcesfromvariousruraldevelopmentschemesofthegovernmentandbanksandthroughparticipants’owncontribution,whicharedirectlychanneledtotheparticipants.ThesehavenomonetaryimpactontheaccountsoftheTrust.ThisisinkeepingwiththeTrust’spolicyofprogressivelystrengtheningthecapabilityoftheweakersectionstodealeffectivelywithdevelopmentagenciesandtomanagedevelopmentactivitiesthemselves.Theadministrativeoverheadsincurredonaccountofthetechnical/managerialsupportextendedarechargedasexpenditureoftheTrust.

4. Inthecaseofinformalsavingsandcreditgroupsandotherincomegenerationactivitiesflowingtherefrom,theTrustprovidesinteraliarevolvingfundgrants&interestfreeworkingcapitalloans,asperthemandateofthedonorstothebeneficiariesandthesameareseparatelyaccountedforthroughtheBalanceSheet,heldinTrustandadministered.Allothergrants(exceptcorpusgrants),includingcapitalgrants,aretakenasrevenuereceiptsoftheTrustintheyearofreceipt.

5. TheTrustfollowscashbasisofaccounting.

6. FixedassetsarewrittenoffintheyearofacquisitionasexpenditureintheincomeandexpenditureaccountsubjecttoNote7below..


Howevertopresentamorerealisticpictureofthevalueofassetsappearinginthebalancesheet,depreciationattheratesprovidedintheIncomeTaxAct,1961isbeingreducedfromthecostofthefixedassetsonthewrittendownvaluemethod.Writtendownvalueofassetssoarrivedatisshownascontraonboththeassets&liabilitiessideoftheBalancesheet.

Wherelandandbuildingsarepurchasedforaconsolidatedconsiderationwithoutbreak-up,depreciationhasbeenprovidedonsuchconsolidatedamount.

Nodepreciationhashoweverbeenprovidedonstaffvehiclesastheyaredeletedwhentransferredtotheemployeesatcostontheirrepaymentoftheloantakentoacquirethevehicle.

Professionalequipmentincludescomputers,projectors,camerasetc.,andhavebeendepreciatedattherateapplicabletocomputers.

7. OfficebuildingfundedtotheextentofRs.321,44,517/-(includingopeningbalanceofRs.1,50,52,593/-)fromowncorpushasbeenretainedasaseparateiteminSchedule1toensurethedisclosureofthecorpusandthecorrespondingutilizationagainstit.

8. FixeddepositsofRs.1,57,990(PreviousyearRs1,71,056)areunderlienwithBanksas100%marginforthebankguaranteesissuedbytheminfavourofCAPARTandGovernmentofIndia.

9. Previousyear’sfigureshavebeenregrouped/reclassifiedwherevernecessary.

Madurai Sd/- Sd/- Sd/-July23,2012 Chairman ExecutiveDirector Treasurer


DHAN Foundation bags Jindal Prize 2011

DHANFoundationbagsJindalPrize2011foritscontributionsinruraldevelopmentandpovertyalleviation.TheprizecarriesacashcontributionofRs.1croretofurtheritsinitiatives.TheJindalPrizehasbeeninstitutedbyDr.SitaramJindaltoaccoladeexceptionalserviceofcurrentsignificancerenderedbyindividualsororganisationsforthewelfareofIndiancitizensinthecountry.ItisexpectedthattherecognitiongarneredbytheJindalPrizeawardeeswillcatalysetheireffortstowardssocialupliftment.

SitaramJindalFoundationhashonoured27OutstandingInstitutionsandindividualsincludingDHANFoundation.FiveprizescarryingRs.1croreeachhavebeengiventoDHANFoundationforRuralDevelopmentandPovertyAlleviation,RishiValleyEducationCentre,Chittoor(AP)forEducation-withmoralupliftment,ShriDharmasthalaVeerendraHeggadeforHealth-includingdruglesshealing,APJAbdulKalamforScienceandTechnology,JusticeNSantoshHegdeforSocialDevelopment.

ThefounderoftheArtofLivingSriSriRavishankarandShriTejendraKhanna,LieutenantGovernorofDelhigaveawayprizestowinnersinNewDelhionFebruary23,2012.

TogetherJindal&SRJindalPrizeshadattractedcloseto2000nominationsinthefirstyearoflaunch,mirroringtheexceptionalresponseforthePrizes.ThenominationswereinvitedfromacrossIndiaandabroadthroughadvertisementsinprintandelectronicmediaaswellasthewebsiteofJindalFoundation.ThenominationsreceivedwereadjudicatedbyJuriescomprisingeminentpersonsofhighintegritythroughaprocessindependentoftheworkingoftheFoundation.

BriefingaboutthePrize,M.P.Vasimalai,ExecutiveDirectorofDHANFoundationsaid‘’Theprizeistimely,asDHANFoundationreachedamarkofonemillionpoorfamiliesthroughitspioneeringinitiativessuchasKalanjiamCommunityBanking

Recognitions to DHAN’s Works

ProgrammeandVayalagamTankfedAgricultureDevelopmentProgramme,spreadover12Indianstatesandover10000villagesandslums”

“Since1990,wehavelaunchednewthemesinthebeginningofeachdecade.TheKalanjiamandVayalagamProgrammespromotedbyusin1990,havenowbecomelargerprogrammes,andtookashapeofresourcecentressupportingotherdevelopmentorganisations,governmentagencieswhoareinterestedinreplicatingourmodel.ICTforpoor,DemocratisingPanchayats,Tata-DhanAcademyandRainfedFarmingDevelopmentProgrammewerelaunchedin2000,andin2010,wehavelaunchedYouthandDevelopment,Migration,ClimateChangeAdaptation.DHANwillcontinuetoevolveandlaunchnewthemesforpovertyreductioninthefuture”headded

V.K.Padmavathy,ProgrammeLeader,DHANFoundationsaid“Drivenbythephilosophyof‘GivingbacktotheSociety”,DHANFoundationattracts,groomsandengageshighlymotivated,educatedyoungwomenandmentothedevelopmentsector.Over700professionalgraduatesdrawnfromvariousdisciplineshavebeenemployedatthegrassrootsworkalongwith2500localfieldworkers.Allthesewerepossiblebecauseofthecollectiveeffortsofthecommunitieswithwhomweareworking,ourcollaborators,andDHANProfessionalsandfieldworkersworkingatthegrassrootslevel”.


Acknowledgement

…Workinginpartnershiptowardsacommongoalgeneratesnewlearningandsolutions.WecherishcollaborationasourcorevaluebecausethecollaborativeprocessenablesDHANandourpartnerstocombineourcomplementaryknowledge,skills,andresources,makingitpossibleforustoaccomplishmuchmore thanwe canonour own.Thedevelopment of apartnership is a continuousprocesswhichdemandsactiveinputfrombothsides.Aneffectivepartnershipprovidesagreaterchanceofcontinuity,consistencyandsustainabilityfordevelopment.

Wearedeeplyindebtedtothecontributionsandcontinuedsupportrenderedbyourinstitutionalpartners,collaborators,resourceinstitutions,philanthropistsandwell-wishersintheprogressandachievementsoftheDHANCollective.

Our Institutional Partners

SirRatanTataTrust,MumbaiSirDorabjiTataTrust,MumbaiOxfamNovib,theNetherlands(OxfamIndia)Hivos,TheNetherlands

Our Overseas Partners

AmericanServicetoIndia-RuralLearningJourneyIndiaParticipants,USAAnandCharity,USACanadianInternationalDevelopmentAgency(CIDA)CARITAS,SwitzerlandConsortiumofDEWATSDisseminationSocietyDeutscheGesellschaftfürInternationaleZusammenarbeit(GIZ),NewDelhiEkalVidhyalayaFoundationofIndiaEurekaAchmeaFoundation,TheNetherlandsEuropeanUnionFondsFamilievanBeek,TheNetherlandsFordFoundationGreenFoundationHealthNetTPO,CombodiaHOPEInternationalHugueninRalapalliFoundation,USAInternationalDevelopmentResearchCentreKarunaiIIllamTrust,NewZealandKleinHofwijckFoundation,TheNetherlandsMicroInsuranceAssociationNetwork,TheNetherlandsMicroPensionFoundation,TheNetherlandsNewZealandHighCommission,NewDelhi


PensionandDevelopmentNetwork,theNetherlandsPopulationServiceInternational,USARabobankCentraalTwente,TheNetherlandsRabobankHaarlem,TheNetherlandsRabobankHage-Beek,TheNetherlandsRabobankMaasenWaal,TheNetherlandsRabobankRegioSchiphol,TheNetherlandsRabobankWest-Zeeuws-Vlaanderen,TheNetherlandsRabobankZuidwest-Drenthe,TheNetherlandsStichtingVriendenvanDHAN,TheNetherlandsUnitedStatesAgencyforInternationalDevelopment(USAID)WestbergFoundation,TheNetherlandsWorldGranny,theNetherlandsZLMVerzekeringen,TheNetherlands

Our Water Partners

InternationalWaterManagementInstitute–RUAFFoundation

NationalAgriculturalInnovationProject–ICAR

BhabhaAtomicResearchCentre,Mumbai

Our Indian Partners and CSR Foundations

ArghyamFoundation,BangaloreAxisBankFoundationBharatPetroleumCorporationLimitedCareTodayFundHindustanUnileverLimitedHindustanPetroleumCorporationLimited,MumbaiHitechAraiLimited,MaduraiITCRuralDevelopmentTrustMadrasAtomicPowerStation,KalpakkamRabobankFoundation,theNetherlandsSitaramJindalFoundation

State Government

ConvergenceofAgriculturalInterventions(CAIM)Project,GovernmentofMaharashtra

CommissionerateofRuralDevelopment,AndhraPradesh

DepartmentofTourism,TamilNadu

DepartmentofEnvironmentandForest,TamilNadu

FisheriesManagementandSustainableLivelihood(FIMSUL)Project,GovernmentofTamilNadu

HealthandFamilyWelfareDepartment,TamilNadu

JalaSamvardhaneYojanaSangha(JSYS),GovernmentofKarnataka

MaduraiCorporation


MAVIM-MaharashtraWomen’sEconomicDevelopmentCorporation

NationalWatershedDevelopmentProgrammeforRainfedAreas

PudhuVaazhvuProject,GovernmentofTamilNadu

StateHealthSociety,TamilNadu

StatePlanningCommission,GovernmentofTamilNadu

TamilNaduStateAIDSControlSociety

Government of India

CentralPlanningCommission

CoirBoard

CottonCorporationofIndia

CouncilforAdvancementofPeople’sActionandRuralTechnology(CAPART)

JawaharlalNehruNationalUrbanRenewalMission(JNNURM)

MinistryofTourism

MinistryofUrbanDevelopmentCommercial Banks

United Nations Agencies / Projects

InternationalLabourOrganisation(ILO)

UNDP–NewDelhiCommercial Banks

Commercial Banks

AndhraBankBankofBarodaBankofIndiaCanaraBankCentralBankofIndiaCorporationBankICICIBankIndianBankIndianOverseasBankKarnatakaBankPunjabNationalBankStateBankofHyderabadStateBankofIndiaStateBankofMysoreUCOBankUnionBankofIndiaUnitedCommercialBankVijayaBank


Regional Rural Banks

AndhraPradeshGrameenaVikasBankBangaloreRuralDstrictCentralCooperativeBankDeccanGraminaBankKalapatharuGrameenaBankNagarjunaGrameenaBankPandiyanGramaBankSaptagiriGraminaBankSriSaraswathiGrameenaBankSriVenkateswaraGrameenaBankSriVisakhaGrameenaBankThanjavurCentralCoorperativeBank

Apex Banks

HDFCLimitedNationalBankforAgricultureandRuralDevelopmentRaboIndiaFinance(P)Limited

Insurance Companies

AgriculturalInsuranceCompanyBirlaSunLifeHDFCStandardLifeInsuranceLifeInsuranceCorporationofIndiaNationalInsuranceCompanyOrientalInsuranceCompany

Academic and Research Institutes

AnnaUniversity,ChennaiIndianSpaceResearchOrganisation(ISRO)IndiraGandhiNationalOpenUniversityNationalInstituteforDisasterManagement,NewDelhiNationalInstituteofAgriculturalExtensionManagement(MANAGE)NationalInstituteofRuralDevelopmentNationalRemoteSensingCentre(NRSC)PostalTrainingCentreRajivGandhiNationalInstituteofYouthDevelopmentTamilNaduAgriculturalUniversity

Aboveall,weacknowledgewithhighgratitude,thecontributionsbythecommunitieswithwhomweareworking,fortheircommitment,ownershipandresponsibilityinthecollective

effortsforachievingthemissionofpovertyreduction


Mr. R.D. Thulsiraj

Ms. K. Noorjehan

Mr. B.T. Bangera,Chairperson, DHAN Foundation is anMBA from IndianInstitute ofManagement,Ahmedabad.He is currently theManagingDirectorofM/sHi-TechArai Limited., an Indo-Japanese joint venture atMadurai.Hehasover30yearsofexperience,holdingseniormanagementpositionsinreputedcompaniesinIndia.Hehasbeenanoffice-bearerintheManagementAssociationsandConfederation of Indian Industries (CII) at different levels.He is keenlyinterestedineducationandisamemberontheBoardofGovernorsandBoardofStudiesofanumberofmanagementandengineeringinstitutions

Mr. B.T. Bangera

Ms. K. Noorjehan,Vice Chairperson, DHAN Foundation is currently anAdministrativemember ofCentralAdministrativeTribunal, ErnakulamBench.ShewastheChiefPostMasterGeneral,HaryanaPostalCircleandlaterbecameChiefPrincipalPostMasterGeneralofMaharasthracircle.ShewassubsequentlypromotedtothegradeofMember,PostalServicesBoard.Shehasover30yearsofexperienceindifferentpartsofthecountry.Shewasinstrumentalincomputerisingpostaloperationsinthesouthernregion,andincreatingowninfrastructureforseveralpostoffices.Sheisinterestedinwomendevelopment,especiallythepoorandthedisadvantaged.

Mr. R.D. Thulsiraj,Treasurer, DHANFoundationisanMBAfromIndianInstituteofManagement,Calcutta,istheExecutiveDirectorofLAICO-AravindEyeCareSystem. For almost 20 years he had been theAdministrator ofAravind EyeHospitals.HewasalsotheSouth-EastAsiaRegionalChairfortheInternationalAgency for thePrevention ofBlindness (IAPB).Heworkedwith the board ofSevaFoundation(anU.S.-basedNGO)formorethan15years.Hehasanumberof published papers to his credit, and has presented papers at internationalconferencesoneyecare.

Board of Trustees

Dr. Nirmala Murthy

Dr. Nirmala Murthy iscurrentlythePresidentfortheFoundationforResearchinHealth Systems. She holds aDoctorate from theHarvard School of PublicHealth.Shehasoverthreedecadesofrichexperienceinpublichealth,involvingmonitoring and evaluation, research, andhealth information systems. Shehastaught at the Indian Institute ofManagement,Ahmedabad. ShehasworkedatMassachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT),Massachusetts andManagementSciencesforHealth,Boston.Shehasbeenaconsultantforvariousnationalandinternational health-related programmes of theGovernment of India and theWorldBank.Shehasanumberofpapersandpublicationsrelatedtohealth,healthpolicies,programmesandresearchtohercredit.Herareasofinterestarehealthinformationsystems,andmonitoringandevaluationofhealthandwelfareprogrammes.


Dr. V. Abhai Kumar

Dr. Priscilla Daniel

Dr. Priscilla DanielholdstwoMaster’sdegreesandaPh.D.inSocialMarketingofHealth Education. Shewas formerly the Programme Executive in ECLOFInternational. She appraises large loanproposals, trains the staffandBoards ofNECs.Sheworkedasaneducationistformorethan20yearsandwastheFounder-Presidentof twoNGOs (SUEB - Society for theUpliftmentof theEconomicallyBackwardandSIRPI-SocialInitiativeforRuralPeoples’Integration)andaBoardmemberofECLO, India.Nowshe is in theBoardofManagementof FriendsofIndiaatGeneva,Switzerland.ShewasawardedtheAshokaFellowshipforPublic

Innovatorsin1991forhercontributioninthefieldofdevelopment.

Dr. V. Abhai Kumar holds EngineeringMaster’s degree in CommunicationSystems.HereceivedhisPh.DDegreefromIndianInstituteofTechnology,Madras.Currently,heisPrincipalofThiagarajarCollegeofEngineering,Madurai.Heisaseniormemberof IEEE.Hehasauthoredandco-authoredanumberof technicalpapers in reputed journals and presented papers at international and nationalconferences.Hehasmorethantwodecadesofresearchandteachingexperienceinmicrowaves,remotesensing,digitalsignalprocessingandimageprocessing.Hisresearchinterestsincludearraysignalprocessingandsmartantennas.

Mr. M. Balachandran

Mr. M. Balachandran isapostgraduate inAgriculturalScienceandaCertifiedAssociateof IndianInstituteofBankers.He iscurrentlytheDirectorof InstituteofBankingPersonnelSelection.HeisalsoservingastheChairmanofStarUnionDai-Ichi Life InsuranceCorporation Limited. Recently he has been nominatedasamemberoftheHighPowerAdvisoryCommitteeofSecuritiesandExchangeBoardofIndia(SEBI),onconsentordersandalsoasaDirectorofSmallIndustriesDevelopment Bank of India (SIDBI). He is a member in the Research andDevelopmentAdvisoryCommitteeoftheNationalHousingBankandtheOversight

CommitteeofIndiaInfrastructuralFinanceCorporationLimited(IIFCL).Duringthespanofhis37yearsofoperationalbanking,hehasheldpositionsatvariouscapacitiesandcoveredPrioritySector,CorporateCreditandInternationalBanking.


Mr. M.P. Vasimalai

Mr. C. Sudhakar

Mr. C. Sudhakar isapostgraduateinCommerceandIntermediateinInstituteofCostWorksAccountant(ICWA)ofIndia.HeispresentlyleadingtheCenterfor Finance inDHANFoundation.Hehas aboutfifteenyears of experience inthe development sector.He handledmanagement accounting and financialmanagement courses for the Tata-Dhan Academy. He anchored trainingprogrammes forNGOson FinancialManagement and on legal aspects.He iscurrentlyinvolvedinsettingupsystemsforfinancialaccountingandmonitoringinthepeopleorganisationspromotedbyDHANFoundation.Hisareasofinterest

arebuildingcapacitiesofthecommunity-basedinstitutionsinfinancialmanagementanddevelopingsystemsformonitoringandtransparencyinsuchinstitutions.

Mr. M.P. Vasimalai,Executive DirectorofDHANFoundationisapostgraduateinAgricultureandamanagementgraduatefromtheIndianInstituteofManagement,Ahmedabad.Hehasoverthreedecadesofexperienceindevelopmentworkandone of the keypeople in settingupPRADAN.Hewas instrumental in settingupDHANFoundation in 1997.Hehas specialised in community organisation,designingdevelopmentinterventionsinthefieldsofnaturalresourcemanagement,livelihoodpromotionandinstitutionaldevelopment.HehastraveledextensivelywithinandoutsideIndiaandhasparticipated/presentedpapersonthesethemes.Heisalsoholdingvariouspositionsinnationalandinternationalforums,workinggroups,taskforcesandmissionsofCentralandStategovernments.Hisareasofinterestareinstitutionbuilding,leadershipdevelopmentandpromotingvariousdevelopmentthemesforpovertyreduction.

Ms. N. Shanthi MaduresanisapostgraduateinRuralEconomicsandExtensionEducation. She hasmore than 20 years of experience inMicrofinance. Shewas instrumental in promoting Federations of Kalanjiamwomen SHGs inRamnathapuramandTuticorindistrictsofTamilNadu.Sheiscurrentlyworkingas a Faculty inTata-DhanAcademy, teachingParticipatory LearningMethods(PALM),BuildingPeople’sOrganisations (BUD) for development and gender.SheisalsocoordinatingDevelopmentManagementProgrammes(DMPs)intheAcademyonmicrofinance,livelihood,healthandteambuildingforNGOs.SheisalsoservingastheChiefExecutiveofIndianNetworkofFederationsofMicrofinanceSelfHelpGroups(INFOS ).Herareasof interestarebuildingcommunity-based institutionsandcapacitybuilding fordevelopment.

Ms. N. Shanthi Maduresan


Programme officesCentral OfficeDHAN Foundation18,PillaiyarKoilStreetS.SColony,Madurai-625016Tel:+91-452-2610794,2610805Fax:+91-452-2602247Email:[email protected]:http://www.dhan.org

Kalanjiam FoundationNo-7,ValmigiStreetS.S.Colony,Madurai-625016Tel:+91-452-2604256,2608949Email:[email protected]

DHAN Vayalagam (Tank) FoundationNo:17,VellaiPillaiyarKoilStreet,S.S.Colony,Madurai-625016Tel:+91-452-2601673,2601683Email:[email protected]

Tata-Dhan AcademyT.Malaipatti,Thenkarai(BO)Mullipallam(SO)Sholavandan(Via)MaduraiDistrict-625207Tel:+91-4543-293405,293406Email:[email protected]

Center for Development CommunicationDHANFoundation7E,ValmigiStreetS.S.Colony,Madurai-625016Tel:+91-452-4353983Email:[email protected]

CIT4D ProgrammeNo:22,PillaiyarKoilStreetS.S.Colony,Madurai-625016Tel:+91-452-2301509Email:[email protected]

DHAN People Academy & INFOSPulloothu,EllisNagarViaMadurai-625016Tel:+91-452-2475416,2475305Email:[email protected]

DHAN Livelihood Initiative with Functional Education (LIFE)No:55,KennettRoadEllisNagar,Madurai-625016Tel:+91-452-2300084Email:[email protected]

People Mutuals & ASKMINo:22,PillaiyarKoilStreet,S.SColony,Madurai-625016Tel:+91-452-2301510Email:[email protected],[email protected]

Kalanjium Thozhilagam Limited (KTL)52,LasalleTowers,IIFloorT.B.Road,Opp.ESIHospitalMahaboopalayamMadurai-625016Tel:+91-452-2301112,4358001Email:[email protected]

Kalanjiam Development Financial Services (KDFS)21,PillayarKovilStreetS.S.Colony,Madurai-625016Tel:+91-452-2301102,6505978Email:[email protected]

INAFI-INDIANewNo.65,IstFloorHarveyNagarIIISt.(NearRajScans)Madurai-625016Tel:+91-452-2300490,4358490Email:[email protected]

Center for Policy and PlanningDHANFoundation23,WestParkRoad,1stFloorShenoyNagar,Chennai-600030Tel:+91-44-26280236,26265189Email:[email protected]

REGIONAL OFFICES

Tamil Nadu

Madurai Rural RegionDHANFoundation28.PonmeniNarayananStreetS.S.Colony,Madurai-625016Tel:+91-452-4212152Email:[email protected]

Madurai Urban RegionDHANFoundation52.KathanapillaiStreetJawaharMainRoadS.S.Colony,Madurai-625016Tel:+91-452-2300569Email:[email protected]

DHAN Foundation - Addressess


Madurai Vayalagam RegionDHANFoundation667/B7,MohanEarthMoverComplexIIFloor,OpptoPKNBoysSchoolThirumangalamMaduraiDistrict,TamilNaduEmail:[email protected]

Madurai Rainfed RegionDHANFoundation,1-1/88-F3KurunjiNagarPeraiyurMadurai–625703Email:[email protected]

Dindigul Region DHANFoundation1/198,ParadiseHouse,ABNagarOpp.Govt.ITINathamRoad,Dindigul-624003Tel:+95-451-2470909Email:[email protected]

Theni RegionDHANFoundation34,SowdeswariNagar,1stFloorNearPCPattiPoliceStationTheni-625531Tel:+91-4546-264575Email:[email protected]

Ramanathapuram Coastal RegionDHANFoundation(RegionalOffice)1/372,1ststreet,NehruNagarCollectoratePostRamnad-623503Tel:+91-4567-231676Email:[email protected]

Ramanathapuram Kalanjiam Region Kamudhi Kalanjia Mahalir Vattara SangamMudhukulathurRaodKalanjiaNagarKottaimedu,KamudhiEmail:[email protected]

Sivagangai Vayalagam RegionDHANFoundationW-5/565,MDCBankupstairsTrichyMainRoadKottampatti–625103Tel:+91-4544-230485

Thanjavur RegionDHANFoundationNo.19A,UpstairMunicipalColony,MCRoadTanjore-613007Tel:+91-4356-240353Email:[email protected]

Salem RegionDHANFoundationNo.49,Dr.RamanathanRoadNearDistrictCentralCooperativeBankSalem-636001Email:[email protected]

Kancheepuram Region

Thiruvalangadu Vattara KalanjiamCMCGarden,UpstairsofSaravanaWeldingShopKanagammachatramTiruvallurDistrictTel:+91-44-27880078,27874368Email:[email protected]

Vellore Rainfed Region

DHANFoundationMamallanIllam,C/O,RajamaniBoopathyGoundarStreetNattarmpalli–635852VelloreDistrictTel:+91-4179-322020/254109

Cuddalore Region

DHANFoundation49,DowlathNagarOpp.KNCCollegeSemmandalam,CuddaloreTel:+91-4142-292234Email:[email protected]

Nagapattinam RegionDHANFoundationNo6,AnthoniarKovilMelsanthuNagapattianm-611001Tel:+91-4365-240045Email:[email protected]

Tuticorin Coastal RegionDHANFoundation2/603A,NewSundaramNagarMadhavanNagar(W)Sorispuram,KorampallamTuticorin-628101Tel:+91-461-2341246

Thiruvallur Region3/442,BazaarStreetKanakammachatram-631204.ThiruvallurDistrictTel:+91-44-27874368Email:[email protected]


Tuticorin Vayalagam RegionDHANFoundation45,KeelakottaivasalStreetSriVaikundam-628601TuticorinDistrictTel:+91-4630-256980Email:[email protected]

Kanchipuram Vayalagam RegionDHANFoundation20/1,GSTRoadOpp.IndianOverseasBankAcharapakkam-603301KanchipuramDistrictEmail:[email protected]

Krishnagiri Rainfed RegionDHANFoundationHIG94,PhaseIITamilNaduHousingBoardKrishnagiri-635001Tel:+91-4343-226568Email:[email protected]

PUDUCHERRY

Puducherry Magalir Vattaram45,4thcrossstreet,MoogambigaiNagar,2ndmainRoad,NainarMandapam,PuducherryTel:+91-413-6538865

ANDHRA PRADESH

Adilabad Regional Office Sri Indrayee Mahila Kalanjia Samakya BesideAndhraBank,MainroadIndervelly-504346,AdilabadDist.Tel:+91-8731-277501Email:[email protected]

Hyderabad RegionDHANFoundationH.No:1-8-522/7SISSBuilding1stFloorT.V.MeekshammaMemorialBhavan,ChikkadapallyHyderabad-500020Tel:+91-40-65169017Email:[email protected]

Chittoor Kalanjiam RegionDHANFoundationSriPadmavathyMahilaAbyudhayaPodhupuSangamD.No.6/113,NewHouseNearLeprosyHospitalAkkarampalli,Tirupati-517507Tel:+91-877-2283614Email:[email protected]

Chittoor Vayalagam RegionDHANFoundation6-310,Banker’sColonyGudiyathamRoadPalamaner-517408ChittoorDistrictTel:+91-8579-254123Email:[email protected]

Vizag RegionDHANFoundationD.No.53-17-43/7,BesideMahendraAutomotive,MaddilapalemVisakhapatnam-530016Tel:+91-891-6578990Email:[email protected]

KARNATAKA

Bangalore RegionDHANFoundationC/oM.RavindraBuildingNo.14,2ndFloorSubbaiahReddyRoadNearSubramanyaSwamiTempleUlsoor,Bangalore-560008Email:[email protected]

Tumkur Kalanjiam RegionDHANFoundation1stFloor,ShreeShylaNearChamiDepoBasavanapalya,SirgateDevarayadurga,TumkurTel:+91-816-2212550Email:[email protected]

Tumkur Vayalagam RegionDHANFoundationC/o.Ramamurthy,HouseNo.711VeeranjaneyaNagarGokulCollegeRoadKolar-563101,KarnatakaTel:+91-8152-222171Email:[email protected]

Mysore RegionDHANFoundation1169,1stFloor,AariharaNilayaNearVidyavardakaSchool3rdCross,LalithadriRoadKuvembunagar,Mysore-571323Tel:+91-821-4242320Email:[email protected]

Gulbarga RegionDHANFoundationC/o.ArjunRaoG.MitraH.No.EWS94.ShantiNagarNearHanumanTempleOpp.CentralBusStandSolapurclinicOppRoadGulbarga-585103Tel:+91-8472-250195Email:[email protected]

MADHYA PRADESH

Sailana RegionDHANFoundationPlotNo.38/39,VivekanandColony,KamalaNehruMargInfrontofMPEBSailana-457550,RatlamDistrictMadhyaPradeshTel:+91-7413-279153Email:[email protected]


Yavatmal RegionDHANFoundationC/oGangaramGanpatraoNavhateBesideJalaramMandirGhatanji-445301YavatmalDistrict,MaharashtraTel:+91-80-55034914

ASSAM

DHANFoundationProfessorcolonyNearBaramaBazaarBarama-781346BaksaDistrict,AssamBarama(BTAD),AssamTel:+91-3624-282440Email:[email protected]

ODISHA

Koraput Region DHANFoundationNearDistrictHeadQuartersHospital,BehindVijayakrishnaMedicalStorePujariput,Koraput-764020Tel:+91-6852-252916Email:[email protected]

RAJASTHAN & MAHARASHTRA

Solapur Region DHANFoundationBlockNo9,3rdFloor145,ShivShaktiComplexNearKothadiyaHospitalSolapur-413004,MaharashtraTel:+91-217-6450203/2721535Email:[email protected]

JHARKHAND

DHANFoundationHouseNo.122,WardNo.6Chatnahi(onByePassRoad)Latehar–829206Tel:+91-6565-248423Email:[email protected]

BIHAR

DHANFoundationC/o,AnandPrasadSinghWestChurchRoadOpp.KhalishParkGayawalBighaGayaDistrict-823001Email:[email protected]

Building Sustainable Livelihoods

HAN Foundation works to make significant changes Din the livelihoods of the poor through building scalable, cost effective and sustainable development themes for self-reliance. Keeping innovation as its core value, DHAN continues to evolve and nurture new ideas in development that can impact the lives and livelihoods of the poor on a large scale. Kalanjiam model of community banking by and for the poor women, Vayalagam model of tank-fed agriculture development, rain-fed farming development, coastal conservation livelihoods, communication and information technology for development and working with Panchayats are the development themes nurtured by DHAN over the last two decades. Climate change adaptation, migration, youth and development are the new themes being piloted now. Health, education and tourism have emerged as cross-cutting themes to augment the development brought by all the existing programmes. A common thread that binds all these themes is livelihood promotion. DHAN has observed 2011-12 as 'Year of livelihoods' to look closely at the impact that it has created on the livelihoods of the one million poor households organised by it, consolidate its experiences in livelihood interventions, and initiate the process of strategizing its livelihood approach with its experience at the ground.

Livelihood Matters

Annual Report 2012DHAN Foundation

DHAN Foundation (Development of Humane Action)

18, Pillaiyar Koil Street, S.S. ColonyMadurai 625 016. Tamil Nadu, INDIA.Tel: +91 452 2610794 / 805, Fax: 2602247 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.dhan.org

Download - DHAN Foundation Annual Report 2012.pdf

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