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CVEN9884 ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE 1,&
CVEN4703 ADVANCED WATER QUALITY,
Dr Martin [email protected]
Introduction
Structure of Courses
Weekly Lectures & exercises
Assignments
Final exam
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Course Material Morel & Hering: Principles and Applications of
Aquatic Chemistry (1993)
Lecture Notes
Recommended Textbooks Appelo & Postma: Groundwater, Geochemistry
and Pollution (2005) Stumm, & Morgan: Aquatic Chemistry (1996):
Evaluation
CVEN4703 Advanced Water Quality
CVEN9884 Environmental Engineering Science 1
AquaticChemistry
AquaticChemistry
Microbiology
AdvancedWater Quality
1. Assignment 1: 12.5% issued on: Wed. 12/03 due on: Tues. 25/03
2. Assignment 2: 12.5% issued on: Wed. 26/03 due on: Fri. 11/04
3. Assignment 3: 25% issued on: Wed. 5/03 due on: Fri. 23/05
4. Exam: 50% TBA
Literature review and presentation (25%): submission at designated times through semester
Final exam (25%) during exam period
Assignment 1 (12.5%) issued on: 12 March due on: 25 March
Assignment 2 (12.5%) issued on: 26 th March due on: 11 th April
Final exam (25%) during exam period
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Program: CVEN9884
Computer labsCivil Engineering
Room 611
First 6 weekslectures in
Law Th G23
Week Units Date Topic Lecturer
1 A1 5th of March Fundamentals of Aquatic Chemistry M. Andersen
2 A2 12th of March
Tools for Solving Problems in Aquatic Chemistry
+ computer lab exercise (12:00, H20 room 611)M. Andersen
3 A3-4 19 of March pH and Alkalinity and Gas Exchange M. Andersen
4 A5 26 of March Reduction-Oxidation (Redox) Chemistry M. Andersen
5 A6 2nd of April
Complexes in Aqueous Solutions
+ computer lab exercise (12:00, H20 room 611)M. Andersen
6 A7+8 9th of April
Solid Precipitation and Dissolution + SurfaceChemistry
M. Andersen
7 16th of April NON-TEACHING WEEK !
23 rd of April MID-SEMESTER BREAK
8 M1 28 of April Introduction to Microbiology R. Stuetz
9 M2 5 of May Health Related Microbiology R. Stuetz
10 M4 12 of May Microbial Systems R. Stuetz
11 M519 of May Microbial Processes R. Stuetz
12 M626 of May Microbial Processes II R. Stuetz
13 2th of June Presentations R. Stuetz
Last 6 weekslectures inCLB3
Program: CVEN4703
Computer labsCivil Engineering
Room 611
Lectures inLaw Th G23
Lectures inLaw Th G23
Week Date Topic Lecturer
1 5 th of March Fundamentals of Aquatic Chemistry Andersen
2 12 th of March Tools for Solving Problems in Aquatic Chemistry + computer labexercise (12:00, H20 room 611) Andersen
3 19 th of March pH and Alkalinit y and Gas Exchange Andersen
4 26 th of March Reduction-Ox idation (Redox) Chemistry Andersen
5 2 nd of AprilComplexes in Aqueous Solutions
+ computer lab exercise (12:00, H20 room 611)Andersen
6 9 th of April Solid Precipitation and Dissolution + Surface Chemistry Andersen
7 16 th of April NON-TEACHING WEEK
23 rd of April MID-SEMESTER BREAK
8 30 th of April Water quality problem 1: Arsenic in subsurface derived drinking waters Pham
9 7 th of May Water quality problem 2: Blue green algae in marine & freshwaters Pham
10 14 th of May Water quality problem 3: Acid sulfate soils and associated water qualityimplications Pham
11 21 st of May Water quality problem 4: Organic toxicants in benthic sediments Pham
12 28 th of May Water quality problem 5: Radionuclides in subsurface waters Pham
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Why AqueousChemistry
???
WHO: Standards for drinking water
Constituent Contribution Highest Comment to mineral Admissible nutrition (%) Concentration
(mg/l)
Mg 3 - 10 50 Mg/SO 4 diarrheaSO 4 250 -,,-Na 1 - 4 175 heart diseasesCl 2 - 15 300 taste; safe < 600NO3- 50 blue babies/cancer
NO2- 0.1 -,,-F 10 - 50 1.5 bone disease
mottled teethAs ca. 30 0.01 Black-foot disease, cancer, gangreneAl .. 0.2 Alzheimer?
bone disease?Ni 0.02 AllergyCu 6 - 10 0.1Zn negligible 0.1Cd .. 0.003Pb .. 0.05Cr 20 - 30 0.05
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Case Study
The arsenic problem inBangladesh
Arsenic in drinking waterWHO's limit for arsenic in drinking water is 0.01 mg/L .
WHO: This figure is historic due to the limited ability to analyse
lower concentrations of arsenic in water.
WHO: Drinking arsenic-rich water over a long period (5-20 years)results in arsenicosis or arsenic poisoning
World wide ~100 mill. people are exposed to a too high arsenicconcentration in their drinking water
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Sources of arsenic
Pesticides Wood
preservatives Colours and
dyes
Fly ash
Natural Sulfide minerals
arsenopyrite FeAsSpyrite (Fe(S 1-x,As x)2)
Iron oxideshematitegoethite
Silicate mineralsbiotiteamphibole
Anthropogenic
The Global Arsenic Problem
P.L. Smedley, D.G. Kinniburgh / Applied Geochemistry 17 (2 002) 517568
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Arsenicosis
colour changeson the skin
ArsenicPoisoning
Symptons after 10 yrBlack foot diseaseSkin cancerKidney cancerGangrene
WHO: 10 g/L
In Bangladesh~ 35 to 77 millionpeople live inaffected areaswith > 10 g/L
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Arsenicosis
Cancersskinbladderkidneylung
WHO: Approximately 1 in 100 people who drink water containing0.05 mg arsenic per litre or more for a long period may eventuallydie from arsenic related cancers.
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The problem Prior to the 1980ties 250.000 infant deaths per year
related to pathogens in surface water sources 1980ties onwards groundwater was developed as a
safe alternative (by UNICEF, BGS, national aidorganisations, etc.)
Mid 1990ties first signs of chronic arsenic poisoningstarts showing
Largely ignored for a decade due to a blame gameMore information:http://www.unicef.org/bangladesh/Arsenic.pdfhttp://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/dwq/arsenic3/en/index.html
Scientists and Engineers need tounderstand the Problem
What processes cause high As concentrationsin groundwater ?
By understanding the processes can we findsafe groundwater ?
Will this water also be safe in the future ? Can we rely on natural processes to remove or
attenuate the As ?
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Arsenic concentration in groundwaterProfile from Red River in Vietnam
WHOs limit WHOs limit WHOs limit WHOs limit
?
As(5)
As(3)
Arsenic in solution
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Surface Complexation of Arsenic
Sources and possiblerelease mechanisms for As
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Correlation between Fe 2+ and As
Postma et al. 2007,Geochimica Cosmochimical Acta
Vol. 71
Data fromthe Red RiverPlains in Vietnam
The Australian Angle ?
?P.L. Smedley, D.G. Kinniburgh / Applied Geochemistry 17 (2 002) 517568
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Perth, WA
2Fe 2+ + 5H 2O + O 2 2Fe(OH) 3 + 4H +As ?
Perth, WA
DiekePostma
SteveAppleyard
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Arsenic in inland rivers of MDB ?
Source: http://www.irnnsw.org.au/images/mapTowns80.gif
B
Mt L
Mt Kaputar
Nandewar Range
Maules Creek
B
Mt L
Mt Kaputar
Nandewar Ran
Namoi River
Maules Creek
Arsenic in the Maules Creek Catchment
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Mt L
Mt Kaputar
Nandewar Range
Maules Creek
The Maules Creek Catchment
22.8
13.8
Arsenic conc. g/LHealth limit 10 g/L
20.6
36.0
25.2
What is the leason for water engineersand scientist ???
Important to have a good understanding ofnatural aqueous chemistry
Continual monitoring of water quality
parameters and foresight for emergingproblems Consider effects of changing management
practises Relevant for: Scientists, engineers, managers,decision
makers