cven9884-4703 introduction pp

8/12/2019 CVEN9884-4703 Introduction PP

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CVEN9884 ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE 1,&

CVEN4703 ADVANCED WATER QUALITY,

Dr Martin [email protected]

Introduction

Structure of Courses

Weekly Lectures & exercises

Assignments

Final exam


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Course Material Morel & Hering: Principles and Applications of

Aquatic Chemistry (1993)

Lecture Notes

Recommended Textbooks Appelo & Postma: Groundwater, Geochemistry

and Pollution (2005) Stumm, & Morgan: Aquatic Chemistry (1996):

Evaluation

CVEN4703 Advanced Water Quality

CVEN9884 Environmental Engineering Science 1

AquaticChemistry

AquaticChemistry

Microbiology

AdvancedWater Quality

1. Assignment 1: 12.5% issued on: Wed. 12/03 due on: Tues. 25/03

2. Assignment 2: 12.5% issued on: Wed. 26/03 due on: Fri. 11/04

3. Assignment 3: 25% issued on: Wed. 5/03 due on: Fri. 23/05

4. Exam: 50% TBA

Literature review and presentation (25%): submission at designated times through semester

Final exam (25%) during exam period

Assignment 1 (12.5%) issued on: 12 March due on: 25 March

Assignment 2 (12.5%) issued on: 26 th March due on: 11 th April

Final exam (25%) during exam period


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Program: CVEN9884

Computer labsCivil Engineering

Room 611

First 6 weekslectures in

Law Th G23

Week Units Date Topic Lecturer

1 A1 5th of March Fundamentals of Aquatic Chemistry M. Andersen

2 A2 12th of March

Tools for Solving Problems in Aquatic Chemistry

+ computer lab exercise (12:00, H20 room 611)M. Andersen

3 A3-4 19 of March pH and Alkalinity and Gas Exchange M. Andersen

4 A5 26 of March Reduction-Oxidation (Redox) Chemistry M. Andersen

5 A6 2nd of April

Complexes in Aqueous Solutions

+ computer lab exercise (12:00, H20 room 611)M. Andersen

6 A7+8 9th of April

Solid Precipitation and Dissolution + SurfaceChemistry

M. Andersen

7 16th of April NON-TEACHING WEEK !

23 rd of April MID-SEMESTER BREAK

8 M1 28 of April Introduction to Microbiology R. Stuetz

9 M2 5 of May Health Related Microbiology R. Stuetz

10 M4 12 of May Microbial Systems R. Stuetz

11 M519 of May Microbial Processes R. Stuetz

12 M626 of May Microbial Processes II R. Stuetz

13 2th of June Presentations R. Stuetz

Last 6 weekslectures inCLB3

Program: CVEN4703

Computer labsCivil Engineering

Room 611

Lectures inLaw Th G23

Lectures inLaw Th G23

Week Date Topic Lecturer

1 5 th of March Fundamentals of Aquatic Chemistry Andersen

2 12 th of March Tools for Solving Problems in Aquatic Chemistry + computer labexercise (12:00, H20 room 611) Andersen

3 19 th of March pH and Alkalinit y and Gas Exchange Andersen

4 26 th of March Reduction-Ox idation (Redox) Chemistry Andersen

5 2 nd of AprilComplexes in Aqueous Solutions

+ computer lab exercise (12:00, H20 room 611)Andersen

6 9 th of April Solid Precipitation and Dissolution + Surface Chemistry Andersen

7 16 th of April NON-TEACHING WEEK

23 rd of April MID-SEMESTER BREAK

8 30 th of April Water quality problem 1: Arsenic in subsurface derived drinking waters Pham

9 7 th of May Water quality problem 2: Blue green algae in marine & freshwaters Pham

10 14 th of May Water quality problem 3: Acid sulfate soils and associated water qualityimplications Pham

11 21 st of May Water quality problem 4: Organic toxicants in benthic sediments Pham

12 28 th of May Water quality problem 5: Radionuclides in subsurface waters Pham


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Why AqueousChemistry

???

WHO: Standards for drinking water

Constituent Contribution Highest Comment to mineral Admissible nutrition (%) Concentration

(mg/l)

Mg 3 - 10 50 Mg/SO 4 diarrheaSO 4 250 -,,-Na 1 - 4 175 heart diseasesCl 2 - 15 300 taste; safe < 600NO3- 50 blue babies/cancer

NO2- 0.1 -,,-F 10 - 50 1.5 bone disease

mottled teethAs ca. 30 0.01 Black-foot disease, cancer, gangreneAl .. 0.2 Alzheimer?

bone disease?Ni 0.02 AllergyCu 6 - 10 0.1Zn negligible 0.1Cd .. 0.003Pb .. 0.05Cr 20 - 30 0.05


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Case Study

The arsenic problem inBangladesh

Arsenic in drinking waterWHO's limit for arsenic in drinking water is 0.01 mg/L .

WHO: This figure is historic due to the limited ability to analyse

lower concentrations of arsenic in water.

WHO: Drinking arsenic-rich water over a long period (5-20 years)results in arsenicosis or arsenic poisoning

World wide ~100 mill. people are exposed to a too high arsenicconcentration in their drinking water


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Sources of arsenic

Pesticides Wood

preservatives Colours and

dyes

Fly ash

Natural Sulfide minerals

arsenopyrite FeAsSpyrite (Fe(S 1-x,As x)2)

Iron oxideshematitegoethite

Silicate mineralsbiotiteamphibole

Anthropogenic

The Global Arsenic Problem

P.L. Smedley, D.G. Kinniburgh / Applied Geochemistry 17 (2 002) 517568


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Arsenicosis

colour changeson the skin

ArsenicPoisoning

Symptons after 10 yrBlack foot diseaseSkin cancerKidney cancerGangrene

WHO: 10 g/L

In Bangladesh~ 35 to 77 millionpeople live inaffected areaswith > 10 g/L


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Arsenicosis

Cancersskinbladderkidneylung

WHO: Approximately 1 in 100 people who drink water containing0.05 mg arsenic per litre or more for a long period may eventuallydie from arsenic related cancers.


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The problem Prior to the 1980ties 250.000 infant deaths per year

related to pathogens in surface water sources 1980ties onwards groundwater was developed as a

safe alternative (by UNICEF, BGS, national aidorganisations, etc.)

Mid 1990ties first signs of chronic arsenic poisoningstarts showing

Largely ignored for a decade due to a blame gameMore information:http://www.unicef.org/bangladesh/Arsenic.pdfhttp://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/dwq/arsenic3/en/index.html

Scientists and Engineers need tounderstand the Problem

What processes cause high As concentrationsin groundwater ?

By understanding the processes can we findsafe groundwater ?

Will this water also be safe in the future ? Can we rely on natural processes to remove or

attenuate the As ?


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Arsenic concentration in groundwaterProfile from Red River in Vietnam

WHOs limit WHOs limit WHOs limit WHOs limit

?

As(5)

As(3)

Arsenic in solution


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Surface Complexation of Arsenic

Sources and possiblerelease mechanisms for As


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Correlation between Fe 2+ and As

Postma et al. 2007,Geochimica Cosmochimical Acta

Vol. 71

Data fromthe Red RiverPlains in Vietnam

The Australian Angle ?

?P.L. Smedley, D.G. Kinniburgh / Applied Geochemistry 17 (2 002) 517568


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Perth, WA

2Fe 2+ + 5H 2O + O 2 2Fe(OH) 3 + 4H +As ?

Perth, WA

DiekePostma

SteveAppleyard


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Arsenic in inland rivers of MDB ?

Source: http://www.irnnsw.org.au/images/mapTowns80.gif

B

Mt L

Mt Kaputar

Nandewar Range

Maules Creek

B

Mt L

Mt Kaputar

Nandewar Ran

Namoi River

Maules Creek

Arsenic in the Maules Creek Catchment


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Mt L

Mt Kaputar

Nandewar Range

Maules Creek

The Maules Creek Catchment

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13.8

Arsenic conc. g/LHealth limit 10 g/L

20.6

36.0

25.2

What is the leason for water engineersand scientist ???

Important to have a good understanding ofnatural aqueous chemistry

Continual monitoring of water quality

parameters and foresight for emergingproblems Consider effects of changing management

practises Relevant for: Scientists, engineers, managers,decision

makers

cven9884-4703 introduction pp

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