Download - Crowd and Crisis Management PPT

Maritime Education and Training

www.alsafeenah.com Fayeq Masalmeh, Marine Ch. Eng.

Crowd Management, Passenger Safety, and

Safety Training for Personnel providing direct

services to passengers in passenger spaces.

IMO Model Course 1.28

and

Proficiency in Crisis Management & Human

Behavior Training, Including Passenger

Safety,

Cargo Safety & Hull integrity Training

IMO Model Course 1.29



Course Outlines

�� Introduction to STCW 95Introduction to STCW 95

�� Crowd Management TrainingCrowd Management Training

�� Familiarization TrainingFamiliarization Training

�� Safety TrainingSafety Training

�� Passenger Safety, Cargo Safety and Hull Passenger Safety, Cargo Safety and Hull

Integrity TrainingIntegrity Training

�� Crisis Management and Human Behavior Crisis Management and Human Behavior

TrainingTraining



STCW Convention STCW Convention

Reg.V/2Reg.V/2

Mandatory minimum requirements Mandatory minimum requirements

for the training and qualifications of masters, for the training and qualifications of masters,

officers, ratings and other personnel on officers, ratings and other personnel on roro--roro

passenger shipspassenger ships



( 1 ) Introduction

STCW 78 and STCW 95 STCW 78 and STCW 95

�� (International Convention on Standards of (International Convention on Standards of

Training, Certification and Watch keeping for Training, Certification and Watch keeping for

Seafarers, 1978)Seafarers, 1978).

��The 1995 amendments, which completely The 1995 amendments, which completely

revised the Convention, entered into force on revised the Convention, entered into force on

1 February 1997. 1 February 1997.



( 2 )

Master, officers and other personnel Master, officers and other personnel

designated on muster lists to assist designated on muster lists to assist

passengers in emergency situations on passengers in emergency situations on

board board roro--roro passenger ships shall have passenger ships shall have

completed training in crowd managementcompleted training in crowd management

as specified in section Aas specified in section A--V/2, paragraph 1 V/2, paragraph 1

of the STCW Code of the STCW Code



( 3)

Masters, officers and other personnel assigned Masters, officers and other personnel assigned Masters, officers and other personnel assigned Masters, officers and other personnel assigned Masters, officers and other personnel assigned Masters, officers and other personnel assigned Masters, officers and other personnel assigned Masters, officers and other personnel assigned

specific duties and responsibilities on board specific duties and responsibilities on board specific duties and responsibilities on board specific duties and responsibilities on board specific duties and responsibilities on board specific duties and responsibilities on board specific duties and responsibilities on board specific duties and responsibilities on board

rorororororororo--------rorororororororo passenger ships shall have completed passenger ships shall have completed passenger ships shall have completed passenger ships shall have completed passenger ships shall have completed passenger ships shall have completed passenger ships shall have completed passenger ships shall have completed

the familiarization trainingthe familiarization trainingthe familiarization trainingthe familiarization trainingthe familiarization trainingthe familiarization trainingthe familiarization trainingthe familiarization training specified in section specified in section specified in section specified in section specified in section specified in section specified in section specified in section

AAAAAAAA--------V/2, paragraph 2 of the STCW Code.V/2, paragraph 2 of the STCW Code.V/2, paragraph 2 of the STCW Code.V/2, paragraph 2 of the STCW Code.V/2, paragraph 2 of the STCW Code.V/2, paragraph 2 of the STCW Code.V/2, paragraph 2 of the STCW Code.V/2, paragraph 2 of the STCW Code.



( 4 )

Personnel providing direct service to Personnel providing direct service to

passengers in passenger spaces on board passengers in passenger spaces on board

roro--roro passenger ships shall have completed passenger ships shall have completed

the safety trainingthe safety training specified in section Aspecified in section A--V/2, V/2,

paragraph 3 of the STCW Code. paragraph 3 of the STCW Code.



( 5 )

Masters, chief mates, chief engineer officers, second engMasters, chief mates, chief engineer officers, second engineer ineer

officers and every person assigned immediate responsibility officers and every person assigned immediate responsibility

for embarking and disembarking passengers, loading, for embarking and disembarking passengers, loading,

discharging or securing cargo, or closing hull openings on discharging or securing cargo, or closing hull openings on

board board roro--roro passenger ships shall have completed approved passenger ships shall have completed approved

training in passenger safety, cargo safety and hull integritytraining in passenger safety, cargo safety and hull integrity as as

specified in section Aspecified in section A--V/2, paragraph 4 of the STCW Code.V/2, paragraph 4 of the STCW Code.



( 6 )

Masters, chief mates, chief engineer officers, second Masters, chief mates, chief engineer officers, second

engineer officers and any person having engineer officers and any person having

responsibility for the safety of passengers in responsibility for the safety of passengers in

emergency situations on board emergency situations on board roro--roro passenger passenger

ships shall have completed approved training in ships shall have completed approved training in

crisis management and human crisis management and human behaviourbehaviour as specified as specified

in section Ain section A--V/2, paragraph 5 of the STCW Code V/2, paragraph 5 of the STCW Code



Introduction

Ro- Ro passenger ships Disasters

��Herald of Free EnterpriseHerald of Free Enterprise

��Scandinavian StarScandinavian Star

��Estonia Estonia



Herald of Free Enterprise

6/3/1987 UK

��459 passengers 459 passengers ( extra passengers carried )( extra passengers carried )

��Proceed to sea with bow door openProceed to sea with bow door open

��Ch. officer was under pressureCh. officer was under pressure

��Capsized and 188 passenger died Capsized and 188 passenger died

Recommendation after actionRecommendation after action

Indicator lights, closed TV circuit, draft gauges, reportingIndicator lights, closed TV circuit, draft gauges, reporting & logging & logging

,securing doors, securing cargo, and emergency escapes .,securing doors, securing cargo, and emergency escapes .



Scandinavian Star

7/4/1990 Norway

��99 crew 99 crew ( 90 new )( 90 new ) and 383 passengers ,153 diedand 383 passengers ,153 died

��Fire in accommodation and no search for Fire in accommodation and no search for

other firesother fires

��No drills carried out for the new crewNo drills carried out for the new crew

Recommendation after actionRecommendation after action

Sprinkler and fire detecting systems, safety training, Sprinkler and fire detecting systems, safety training,

fire patrol, fire doors indicators, fire alarms fire patrol, fire doors indicators, fire alarms

functions, counting people when abandoned shipfunctions, counting people when abandoned ship



Estonia

28/9/1994 Baltic Sea

�989 people aboard , 139 survived

�Bow w.t rubber seal was worn

�Strong wind and high waves

�Securing devices and hinges broken

�Sound from the bow and speed not reduced

�Delay of abandon ship alarms

�Officers not watching TV monitors



First trainingFirst training

Crowd ManagementCrowd Management



Crowd Management Training

��LifeLife--saving appliances and control planssaving appliances and control plans

��Passengers assistance to assembly and Passengers assistance to assembly and

embarkation stationsembarkation stations

��Mustering proceduresMustering procedures



Live saving appliances

and control plans

�� Ship layoutShip layout

�� Emergency exitEmergency exit

�� Location of equipmentLocation of equipment

�� Training manualTraining manual

�� DrillsDrills

�� Muster listMuster list

�� General emergency alarmsGeneral emergency alarms

�� Abandon ship alarmAbandon ship alarm

�� emergency dutiesemergency duties




and control plans cont.

�� Location of adult and infant lifejacketsLocation of adult and infant lifejackets

�� Location of extra blanketsLocation of extra blankets

�� Location of emergency lockersLocation of emergency lockers

�� Location of first aid lockersLocation of first aid lockers

�� Aware of lifeboat boarding and launchingAware of lifeboat boarding and launching

�� Aware of life rafts boarding and launchingAware of life rafts boarding and launching

�� Familiar with man overboard proceduresFamiliar with man overboard procedures

�� Familiar of different types of lifebuoysFamiliar of different types of lifebuoys

�� Restrictions on the use of elevatorsRestrictions on the use of elevators



Mustering Procedures

��Clear reassuring ordersClear reassuring orders

��Take controlTake control

��Escape routes kept clearEscape routes kept clear

��Restriction for using ElevatorRestriction for using Elevator

��Assist or organize assistance for disabled Assist or organize assistance for disabled

passengerspassengers

��Accommodation searchAccommodation search




�� High visibleHigh visible

�� Avoid panicAvoid panic

•• leader ship and confidenceleader ship and confidence

•• Entrance points to assemblyEntrance points to assembly

•• stations kept clearstations kept clear

•• reassure separated family groupsreassure separated family groups

•• maintain position when in chargemaintain position when in charge

•• close unused doorsclose unused doors

•• Prepare people for abandonedPrepare people for abandoned





��Demonstrate their useDemonstrate their use

��Clear instructionsClear instructions

��Draw attention to donning instructionsDraw attention to donning instructions




Passengers Information in Case of Emergency

�� Tell what has happened Tell what has happened

�� Give your appraisal of the situation Give your appraisal of the situation

�� Give details about what measures have been taken Give details about what measures have been taken

�� State the expected outcome State the expected outcome

�� State whether the situation has been reported ashore State whether the situation has been reported ashore

�� Point out that the crew is trained for the task and that the Point out that the crew is trained for the task and that the

passengers must follow their instructions passengers must follow their instructions

�� Give information frequently ever10 to 15 minutesGive information frequently ever10 to 15 minutes




Prepare for abandoned

��Passengers suitably clothedPassengers suitably clothed

��Donning of lifejacketsDonning of lifejackets

��Extra blanketsExtra blankets




Passenger list and evacuation Passengers Passengers

numbersnumbers

��Passenger countedPassenger counted

��Cabins and public spaces searchCabins and public spaces search

��Passenger number in each boat passed to Passenger number in each boat passed to

bridgebridge



Abandoned ShipAbandoned Ship

��Master InstructionsMaster Instructions

��Use of lifeboatsUse of lifeboats

��Use of life raftsUse of life rafts

��Embarkation laddersEmbarkation ladders

��Rescue boatRescue boat

��Use of Marine Evacuation SystemUse of Marine Evacuation System

��Use of distress signalsUse of distress signals




22ndnd TrainingTraining

Familiarization TrainingFamiliarization Training



Familiarization training

1.1. Design and operational limitationsDesign and operational limitations

2.2. Procedures for opening, closing and securing hull Procedures for opening, closing and securing hull openingopening

3.3. Legislation, codes effecting Legislation, codes effecting roro--roro passengers shipspassengers ships

4.4. Stability and stress requirements and limitationsStability and stress requirements and limitations

5.5. Procedures for the maintenance of special Procedures for the maintenance of special equipmentequipment

6.6. Loading and cargo securing manual and Loading and cargo securing manual and calculationscalculations

7.7. Dangerous cargo areaDangerous cargo area

8.8. Emergency proceduresEmergency procedures



Design and operational limitationsDesign and operational limitations

�� Voyage duration and sailing areaVoyage duration and sailing area

�� Expected sea conditionsExpected sea conditions

�� Limitation of speedLimitation of speed

�� Stowage planStowage plan

�� Restriction of loads and heightRestriction of loads and height

�� Mass of cargo units and vehiclesMass of cargo units and vehicles

�� Types of cargoTypes of cargo

�� Number of passengersNumber of passengers

�� Any instruction to be followed from the master or companyAny instruction to be followed from the master or company



Procedures for opening, closing and

securing hull openings

�� List of the procedures for opening and closing List of the procedures for opening and closing ramps and shell

openings.

� All communications related to ramp and doors should be clear.

� CCT and water leak detectors in operable mode

�� Power isolated when not in usePower isolated when not in use

�� Certified operatorsCertified operators

�� High visibility clothingHigh visibility clothing

�� Positive reportsPositive reports

�� Bridge indicators show whether open or closedBridge indicators show whether open or closed

�� Any door shall be kept clear of obstructionsAny door shall be kept clear of obstructions

�� Entries in log bookEntries in log book



Legislation, codes effecting Legislation, codes effecting roro--roro

passengers shipspassengers ships

�� List of all national and international operation limitation List of all national and international operation limitation

effecting effecting roro--roro passenger ships.passenger ships.

�� Flag and SOLAS regulations including exemptions.Flag and SOLAS regulations including exemptions.

�� All regulations and codes to be kept onboard.All regulations and codes to be kept onboard.

�� Restrictions of operation areas, weather, sea state, load, Restrictions of operation areas, weather, sea state, load,

trim and speed.trim and speed.

�� List of approved ports and berths.List of approved ports and berths.



Stability and stress requirements and

limitations

�� Approved stability booklet providedApproved stability booklet provided

�� Procedures to maintain watertight integrityProcedures to maintain watertight integrity

�� Consideration where ballast and fuel transferredConsideration where ballast and fuel transferred

�� Observed sea conditions weather reportsObserved sea conditions weather reports

�� Proper securing the doors before departureProper securing the doors before departure

�� Positive reports that all doors closedPositive reports that all doors closed

�� Ensure that the departure and arrival stability within limits.Ensure that the departure and arrival stability within limits.

�� All cargo to be secured.All cargo to be secured.



Procedures for the maintenance of

special equipment

� Aware of ship plan maintenance program for bow, stern,

side doors, ramps and scuppers

� Adequate lubricating of all moving parts

� Locking pins locate efficiency into position

� Constant visual check especially for the condition of the

seals

� Scuppers kept clear

� No loose gears on deck

� Inspection of hydraulic cylinders and h.p. hoses



Loading and securing manuals and

calculations

�� cargo securing manual kept on boardcargo securing manual kept on board

��Structure and heavy loadsStructure and heavy loads

��Adequate securing pointsAdequate securing points

��Adequate securing devicesAdequate securing devices

��Lashing secured to chassisLashing secured to chassis

��Follow national and international regulationsFollow national and international regulations



Dangerous cargo areas

�� Adequate ventilationAdequate ventilation

�� No possibly of gases drawn to accommodationNo possibly of gases drawn to accommodation

�� Regular patrolRegular patrol

�� Doors from car deck securely closedDoors from car deck securely closed

�� Correct stowage, segregated with adequate accessCorrect stowage, segregated with adequate access

�� Reject damage or leaking dangerous cargoReject damage or leaking dangerous cargo

�� Emergency response equipment maintained and ready for Emergency response equipment maintained and ready for

useuse



Emergency Procedures

��Prevent or reduce ingress of waterPrevent or reduce ingress of water

�� all shell opening securely closedall shell opening securely closed

�� monitor television system operablemonitor television system operable

�� monitor leak detecting system operablemonitor leak detecting system operable

��Early reduction of speedEarly reduction of speed

��Remove waterRemove water

�� all scuppers clearall scuppers clear

�� all portable pumps readyall portable pumps ready



33rdrd TrainingTraining

Safety TrainingSafety Training



Safety training for personnel providing direct

service to passengers in passenger spaces

��Passengers controlPassengers control

��CommunicationsCommunications

��LifeLife--saving appliancessaving appliances



Passengers Control

��Safe passage from berth to ship Safe passage from berth to ship

��Recognizing disable peoplesRecognizing disable peoples

��Restrictions and distribution of passengersRestrictions and distribution of passengers

��Car deck restrictionCar deck restriction

��Prohibited of using portable gas cockersProhibited of using portable gas cockers

��Smoking , fire patrol , fire detectionSmoking , fire patrol , fire detection

��Drinking water, Ventilation ,ToiletDrinking water, Ventilation ,Toilet

��Tickets and passports check desksTickets and passports check desks



Communication

��Appropriate language usedAppropriate language used

��Use of English and native languageUse of English and native language

��Use pictorial or video informationUse pictorial or video information

��Select biSelect bi--lingual passengers for communication.lingual passengers for communication.

��Use of hand signalsUse of hand signals

��Bring attention to posted signs Bring attention to posted signs



Communication

��Remind passengers of the safety information in Remind passengers of the safety information in

their cabinstheir cabins

��Use of international symbolsUse of international symbols

��Clear announcements to keep passengers and Clear announcements to keep passengers and

crew informedcrew informed

��Repast the announcement Repast the announcement



Life-saving appliances

��Demonstrate to passengers the use of personal lifeDemonstrate to passengers the use of personal life--

saving appliances .saving appliances .

��Show the passengers donning symbols posted in Show the passengers donning symbols posted in

different places.different places.

��Practice the procedures for demonstrationPractice the procedures for demonstration

��Use a simple and clear instructions.Use a simple and clear instructions.

��Answer their questions and remove their confusionAnswer their questions and remove their confusion



44thth TrainingTraining

Passenger Safety, Cargo Safety Passenger Safety, Cargo Safety

and Hull Integrity Trainingand Hull Integrity Training



Passenger Safety, Cargo Safety and Hull Passenger Safety, Cargo Safety and Hull

Integrity TrainingIntegrity Training

�� Loading and Embarkation ProceduresLoading and Embarkation Procedures

�� Carriage of Dangerous GoodCarriage of Dangerous Good

�� Securing CargoesSecuring Cargoes

�� Stability, Trim & Stress CalculationsStability, Trim & Stress Calculations

�� Opening, Closing and Securing Hull Openings.Opening, Closing and Securing Hull Openings.

�� RoRo--roro Deck AtmosphereDeck Atmosphere



Loading and Embarkation:

�Communications and Limitations

�Familiarity with Car Deck, Escape Routes and

Any Restrictions.

�Procedures for safety lowering and hoisting

ramps and stowage of vehicles.

�Control of Drivers and speed limitation

�Minimum Safe Operational Personnel

�Risk of personnel working in car deck

�High Visibility Clothing

�Check of overflow petrol tank leak



Loading and Embarkation

�� A safe means of access between ship and berthA safe means of access between ship and berth

�� Safe nets , rails and lifebuoys with light and safety line must Safe nets , rails and lifebuoys with light and safety line must

be providedbe provided

�� Safe illuminated Access in shipSafe illuminated Access in ship

�� No Steps for Wheelchairs No Steps for Wheelchairs

�� Trained PersonnelTrained Personnel

�� Reserved Car Parking SpacesReserved Car Parking Spaces

�� Clear Signs and AnnouncementsClear Signs and Announcements

�� Master Informed of Those Needing assistanceMaster Informed of Those Needing assistance

�� Passenger Count for search and rescue purposePassenger Count for search and rescue purpose



Carriage of Dangerous GoodsCarriage of Dangerous Goods

�Stowed, Segregated with Adequate Access

�Regular Patrols

�No Unauthorized Entry

�Openings to Accommodation Firmly Closed

�Adequate Ventilation

�Special Requirements for Certain Cargoes

�Reject Damaged, Leaking or Shifting Dangerous

Cargo



Securing Cargoes

�Cargo Securing Manual Kept On Board

�Structural Strength and Heavy Loads

�Equal Force Distribution On adequate Securing

Devices

�Lashings Secured To chassis

�Adequate Securing Points

�Trained personnel for securing cargo



Stability, Trim and stress Calculations

�Approved Stability Book Provided

�Practice Stability Calculations

�Considerations Where Ballast and Fuel is

Transferred

�Effect of free surface on stability of the

ship



Opening, Closing and Securing Hull Openings

� All communication relating to doors and ramps must be

clear and information passed to master

� The times for opening and closing all doors shall be

recorded in log book

� Closed Before Departure

� All power sources to doors and ramps shall be isolated to

prevent unauthorized operation

� Keys for all control boxes shall be removed and kept in

secure position



Opening, Closing and Securing Hull Openings

�monitor water leakage by t.v circuits and water

detection system.

�Conduct constant inspection for seals and

contacts

�Operation and maintenance manuals shall be

provided on board

�Bridge Indicators Show whether Open or Closed

�Openings seal Properly

�Maintenance Procedures



Ro- Ro deck atmosphere

�Practical Use of Analysers

�Steady reading of 21% oxygen

�Vehicle Fumes On Car Deck

�Drivers should be instructed to stop their

engines after embarkation

�Effective Ventilation



55thth TrainingTraining

Crisis Management and Crisis Management and

Human Behavior Human Behavior

TrainingTraining



Crisis Management and

Human Behavior Training

�Ship Design, Layout, Emergency Plans, Procedures

and Drills

�Optimizing of resources

�Control response to emergencies

�Human behavior response

�Establish and maintain effective communications

�Practical exercises



Ship Design, Layout, Emergency Plans,

Procedures and Drills

� Design, Layout and Identification System for Decks and Spaces

� Safety Regulations

� Types of Emergency

� Decision Support and Other emergency Systems

� Smoke Containment of Extraction

� Pollution equipment

� Pre-Plan Drills

� React to Emergencies Through Training



General design and layout of the ship

�Ship lay out

�Number of decks

�Number and location of exits

�Number and location of stair case

�Number and location of assembly stations



Safety regulations

�Company fleet regulations

�Cargo securing manual

�ISM code

�IMDG code

�Safety working practice code

�National regulations



Emergency plans and procedures

Emergencies may include

�Structure failure

�Machinery failure

�Collision

�Grounding

�Bomb threats

�Pollution



Emergency plans and procedures

�Checklists shall be provide to ensure correct

action

�Emergency power supply

�Ballasting and de ballasting system

�Communication for assistance

�Location of pollution prevention equipment

�Breathing apparatus equipment



Ship board emergency drills

�Effective training result safe ship

�Muster of passengers where required

�Safety brief

�Familiarity with the life saving appliances

�Scenarios for drills



Optimization of Resources

�Equipment Limitation in emergency

�Equipment should have safe access

�Move equipment from unsafe area to safe areas

�Effective Use of Personnel

�Assistance aboard From Outside

�Equipment Fully Maintained and available

�Realistic Training

�De-Brief the Whole team after exercise



Control Response to Emergencies

Leadership Skills

�Sets an example during emergency situation

�Take immediate control

�Remains calm

�Remains dependable



Control Response to Emergencies

Decision Making

��Gathers InformationGathers Information

��Assess the situationAssess the situation

��Allocate tasksAllocate tasks

��Plan ahead for extra equipment and personnelPlan ahead for extra equipment and personnel

��Adjust plan as requiredAdjust plan as required



Motivation of Passengers and Other

Personnel

�Give support for the motivated passengers

�Recognise Stress in Others

�Fight/ Fight Reaction

�Performance is Reduced

�Reallocate Tasks



Emergency Stress Response

�The hearts beats faster and breathing rates

increased

�There is lack of concentration

�Reduced ability

�Being impossible to contact

�General loss of control



Human Behaviour and Responses

Reactions When Responding to Emergencies

�Panic

�People Threatened

�Escape Without Concern for Others

�Jumping in the water

�Boarding the lifeboats

�Looking for lifejackets

�Looking for master and officers



Human Behaviour and Responses

�Passengers Look for Relatives

�Assurance that Family Groups will be Reunited

�Passengers Move to the Upper Side

�Control by Assembly Station Personnel



�Slow Clear Messages

�Keep Passengers Informed

�Pass on Correct Information

�Appropriate Language Used

�Train and Select Personnel to Communicate

�Communicate by Demonstration

�Prominence



ASSESSMENTASSESSMENT

AND AND

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Download - Crowd and Crisis Management PPT

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