Download - Cross Border Cultural
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Culture includes several behavioralinfluencing factors shared by members of asociety and passed through generations.
Features-
Learned
Shared
Transgenerational
Symbolic Adaptive
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Levels of Culture
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Culture creates people:Culture determinesthe ethos of the people.There are sub-cultures within a culture.Culture perofrms 4functions-
It distinguishes between one organizationand another.
It conveys a sense of identity fororganisational members
It facilitates the generation of commitment tosomething nobler than ones own interest.
It enhances social system stability.
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Culture and Globalisation:When people fromdifferent cultures converge in a workplace,theproblem of managing diversity comes.
Any move from one country to another willcreate a certain amount ofconfusion,disorientation and emotionalupheaval.This is called Culture Shock.
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Culture determines Goods and Services: Culture broadlt determines the type of goods
and services a business should produce.Thetype of food people eat,the clothes theywear,beverages they drink and buildingmaterial they use to construct houses varyfrom culture to culture.
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Language and Culture:Language Distribution of the World
Rank Language Primary country
1 Chinese, Mandarin China
2 Spanish Spain3 English United Kingdom
4 Bengali Bangladesh
5 Hindi India
6 Portuguese Portugal
7 Russian Russia
8 Japanese Japan
9 German Germany10 Chinese, Wu China
11 Javanese Indonesia, Java, Bali
12 Korean South Korea
13 French France
14 Vietnamese Vietnam
15 Telugu India
16 Chinese, Yue China
17 Marathi India
18 Tamil India
19 Turkish Turkey
20 Urdu Pakistan
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Attitude are positive or negative evaluationsthat determine ones behaviour.Attitudetowards work is vital as it significantly impacton motivation,morale,job
satisfaction,productivity and other aspects ofHRM.Positive attitude towards work alsocalled work ethic, makes a person moreproductive and satisfatied.Compensation andreward system are critical elements indetermining work attitudes.
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The feeling of collectivism or individualismhas its influence on employeemorale,multiplicity of unions and inter-unionrivalry.Collectivism is the hallmark of our
society.Whether it is celebrating a marriage,asocial function,installing a new machineetc.,indians believe in people and crowd.
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An individuals ambition to grow or remaincomplacent depends on his cultural ethos.Anambitious individual is highly motivated,is wealthacquisitive,has a strong zeal to excel,is preparedto change organisations and even take
risks.Economy becomes vibrant if a largeproportion of the population comprisesambitious people.
Majourity of our people are complacent .Anaverage citizen loves to be into Govt Job.
Ours is that society where wealth is worshippedwhereas in western countries it is merelyrespected.
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Education Family
The view of scientific method
Ethics in Business Religion
Cultural Resources
Customs and Manners
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Major Concepts in the Comparative Analysis of US and Japanese Management
Management How Perceived in the How Perceived in
Concepts United States Japan
Company Team in sport Family in village
Business goal To win To survive
Employees Players in a team Children in a family
Human relations Functional Emotional
Competition Cut-throat Cooperation or sin
Profit motivation By all means Means to an end
Sense of identification Job pride Group prestige
Work motivation Individual income Group atmosphere
Production Productivity Training and diligence
Personnel Efficiency Maintenance
Promotion According to abilities Length of servicePay Service and results Award for patience and
sacrifice
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Major Concepts in the Comparative Analysis of Japan and India
Social/Cultural Japan India
Factors
Principles of Emphasis on government by the Prevalence of impersonal bureaucratic social
government/ virtuous and abrogation of coercion, relations, mistrust of fellow beings based onadministration mutual trust between employer and the assumption of human nature as evil.
employee and acceptance of basic Results in highly centralised administration,goodness of human nature. Results overemphasis of hierarchial status in decision-in minimum control from above, high making, bureaucratic delays, low levels oflevel of delegation, highly motivated delegation, dissatisfied workforce, andworkforce accentuation of apathy in individuals and
groups
Attitude towards Highly result-oriented General and deep-seated apathy,
work and goals and directed towards dissociation of work from its results based onperfection and growth the belief that the results are pre-ordained. Tasksthrough dedicated effort are performed without any interest, dedication
or prideDiscipline and Highly disciplined, respect Lack of discipline at all levels, basicorder for superiors and respect mistrust of authority, poor superior-
for authority subordinate relationshipsGroup harmony Very high based on Assumption of inequality of human beings,
informal affiliative nagging suspicion of fellow beings and
pattern of behaviour and highly self-centered behaviour resultingin a lack of cooperation and teamwork
Emphasis on Very high Generally indifferent andeducation highly ambivalent
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Christianity followed in Europe, Americas and Africa
Islam followed in more than 35 countries ranging from
North West Coast of Africa, Middle East, China and
Malaysia
Buddhism has 250 million followers in Central and South
East Asia, China, Korea and Japan
Hinduism has 500 million achievements and is found in
India and Nepal.
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Management Concepts IndiaCompany Personalised equationsBusiness goal Global ambitionsEmployees as assetsHuman relations Loyal to the boss
Competition Survival instinctProfit motivation Yes, no doubtSense of identification Pride with the job and the companyWork motivation Work is worshipProduction ProductivityPersonnel Efficiency
Promotion Service and meritPay For hardwork