Download - Core theme 3: Quantification of the carbon sources and sinks at the European regional scale
Core theme 3: Quantification of the carbon sources and sinks at
the European regional scale
•WP12: Regional assessment for the North Sea
•WP13: Regional assessment for the West Mediterranean
•WP14: European Integration
Helmuth Thomas and CT3 partners
Please visit our posters in the PhD and regular poster sessions
Operational goals:To assess the•(Variability of) Carbon uptake and release from / to atmosphere•C-Exchange between:
•Marginal seas, land, atmosphere and Atlantic Ocean•Full carbon budget for Western Europe; with CarboEurope IP).
Core theme 3:
WP 12:Regional assessment for the North Sea
Ob
serv
ati
on
s
Statistical model (generalized additive mixed model):produces 10 000 estimates for each position
mon
thly
m
ean
s &
std
-err
ors
for
SS
T,
fCO
2,
…
Distribution SimulatorRandomly draws 10000 combinations for each Lat & Loncomputes solubility, transfer velocity, fCO2 gradient and
flux
2.5 percentile 97.5 percentile50 perc.
fCO2SST wind speed
For each lon. & lat.:10 000 estimates mean & std-error
For each lon. & lat.: median & confidenceinterval
fCO2 and SST
Climatology SSS (1°x1°)NCEP/NCAR wind speed (2°x2°)Atmospheric xCO2 from Mace Head,
Ireland
Public data VOS data
Determining the reliability of CO2 air-sea flux estimates
See poster by Omar et al. for details
Evolving topic in WP12
Ecosystem metabolism vs. CO2 air-sea fluxes:
How does the trophic state (autotrophy vs., heterotrophy relate to CO2 air-sea fluxes?
Net community production (NCP) =
Gross Primary Production (GPP) – community respiration (CR)
3,0
4,0
5,0
6,0
M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M
Time
DO
C [
mg/
l]
observed DOC
modelled DOC
inflection point
2006 2007
Estimating organic carbon fluxesbetween North Sea and Baltic Sea
See talk and poster by Kulinski et al. for details
Assessing the DOC source:DOC = f(Salinity, Chl. A, Phaepigment)
DO
C [
mg
/L]
Time
• Metabolic balance, i.e., the gross primary production to community respiration (GPP:CR) ratio, co-governs direction of CO2 air sea fluxes
• Determination in the field is expensive
• Artificial neural network (ANN):
GPP:CR = f (depth, DOC, Temp)
• ANNs can provide a robust tool for the determination of ecosystem metabolism in coastal ecosystems
Metabolic balance of coastal ecosystems
Belgian coastal zone (North Sea)
Nutrient inputs (kT yr -1)
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 20000
10
20
30
40DINDIP
0
2
4
6
DIN
DIP
Air-sea CO2 flux (mol C m-2 yr-1)
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000-0.8
-0.4
0.0
0.4
0.8source of CO2
sink of CO2
Organic carbon inputs (T yr -1)
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 20000
5
10
15
20
NEP (mol C m-2 yr-1)
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000-1.6
-0.8
0.0
0.8
1.6
heterotrophic
autotrophic
Gypens, Borges & Lancelot (in prep.) See posters by Gypens et al. for details
Belgian coastal zone (North Sea)
Gypens, Borges & Lancelot (in prep.) See poster by Gypens et al. for details
Annual air-sea CO2 vs NEP fluxes
-600
-400
-200
0
200
400
600
-1500 -1000 -500 0 500 1000 1500
Annual NEP (mmol m-2 y-1)
An
nu
al a
ir-s
ea C
O2
(mm
ol
m-2
y-1
)
Annual NEP [mmol m-2 y-1]
Ann
ual C
O2
air-
sea
flux
[mm
ol m
-2 y
-1]
Source
Sink
Offset CO2 uptake:≈300mmol m-2y-1
WP12/14Land-Ocean boundary: Wadden Sea
CO2 flux from a tidal flat area
CO2 flux during darkness
y = 0,0342e0,1307x
R2 = 0,7915
0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1
1,2
1,4
0 10 20 30 40Temperature (oC)
CO
2 f
lux
(µ
mo
l m
-2 s
-1)
all daysMay 15, 2007Aug 13, 2007Expon. (all days)
Fluxes during the year
-1,5
-1
-0,5
0
0,5
1
1,5
0 100 200 300
Day of year
CO
2 fl
ux (
µm
ol
m-2 s
-1)
light2007
dark2007
light2006
dark2006
source
sink
WORKPACKAGE 13.- Regional assessment for the West-Mediterranean
Work package objectives1) To create the data sets, measurement systems, and model set-ups as prerequisite for a quantitative estimate of Mediterranean carbon fluxes and Mediterranean/Atlantic carbon exchanges.2) To assess the concentration of anthropogenic CO2 in the W. Mediterranean.
Universite de Perpignan
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas
L'Institut National de Recherche Halieutique
CARBOGIB7 (07.05.2007-08.05.2007) CARBOGIB8 (04.07.2007-05.07.2007)CARBOGIB9 (06.11.2007-07.11.2007)CARBOGIB10 (NEXT WEEK)
-6 -5.8 -5.6 -5.4 -5.2 -535.6
35.7
35.8
35.9
36
36.1
36.2
36.3
Tanger
Punta C am arinal
C AM AR IN AL SEC TIO N
G IFT SEC TIO N
AD CP M O O R IN G
G 1
C B3
MOROCCO
SPAIN
G3
CB1
CB5
CB2
CB4
Two sampling sections: CAMARINALGIFT (GIbraltar Fixed Time series)
Four more campaigns have been performed from month 25 (January 2007) to month 37 (December 2007) on board the Moroccan RV Al Amir Moulay Abdellah in the Strait of Gibraltar.
The periodic sampling aims at examining the temporal variability of the carbon system variables in the strait and the mechanisms controlling the exchange between the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea.
r ²0.957
CARBOGIB 7 CARBOGIB 8
r ²0.976
MEDITERRANEAN WATERS ARE MUCH MORE ALKALINEAND ENRICHED IN TOTAL CARBON
Atlantic inflow
Atlantic inflow
Mediterranean outflow
Mediterranean outflow
A data set containing results from 6 cruises and a VOS line using Research Vessels passing through the Strait of Gibraltar has been generated (D13.11)
Anthro. CO2 2006
δ pH 2006
Touratier et al.
The Mediterranean Sea:The Mediterranean Sea:A very high COA very high CO22 and acidified environment and acidified environment
Scenarios of total national emissions of carbonin CO2 for EU-25
0.80
0.85
0.90
0.95
1.00
1.05
1.10
1.15
1.20
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
Gt
C/
yr CAFE/PRIMES model w ithoutfurther climate measures
Energy and Transport Trends to2030 - Baseline scenario
EEA Baseline scenario (LREM-E)
(CAFE) Baseline scenariow ithout climate policies
CAFE/PRIMES model w ith furtherclimate measures
EEA Low Greenhouse gasEmission Pathw ay w ith phase outnuclear
EEA Low Greenhouse gasEmission Pathw ay (LGEP)
EEA Low Greenhouse gasEmission Pathw ay w ithaccelerated nuclear
CAFE Baseline scenario w ithclimate policies
EEA Low Greenhouse gasEmission Pathw ay w ithrenew ables targets
Scenarios of total national emissions of carbonin CH4 for EU-25
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
year
Mt
C/ y
ea
r
EEA Baseline scenario (LREM-E)2005
EEA Low Greenhouse gas EmissionPathway (LGEP) 2005
EEA projections with existingmeasures (2006)
EEA projections with additionalmeasures (2006)
EEA projections with existingmeasures (2003)
EEA projections with additionalmeasures (2003)
WP14:
European Integration CARBOOCEAN – CARBOEUROPE:
Martin Heimann’s talk earlier todayand Harro Meijer’s talk on Thursday