COMPUTER EDUCATION 9

MODULE 2The Internet and the Web

Prepared By: Engr. Jeremy M. Flores

HISTORY OF THE INTERNET

In 1962, J.C.R. Licklider of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) proposed

a global network of computers for research and

development in scientific and military fields.

HISTORY OF THE INTERNET

Licklider moved to Defense Advanced Research Project

Agency (DARPA) in late 1962 to head the work to

develop the global network of computers.

HISTORY OF THE INTERNET

Leonard Kleinrock of MIT developed the theory of packet switching, which

was the basis for Internet connections.

HISTORY OF THE INTERNET

Lawrence Roberts of MIT connected a Massachusetts computer with a California

computer in1965 over a dial-up telephone lines,

which showed the feasibility of WAN.

HISTORY OF THE INTERNET

Kleinrock’s packet switching theory was confirmed.

Roberts moved over DARPA in 1966 and developed

ARPANET.

HISTORY OF THE INTERNET

ARPANET

Advanced Research Project Agency Network

HISTORY OF THE INTERNET

The Internet, then known as the ARPANET, was brought

online in1969 initially connected four major

computers in universities in the Southwestern US.

HISTORY OF THE INTERNET

University of California in Los Angeles

University of California in Santa Barbara

HISTORY OF THE INTERNET

University of Utah

Stanford Research Institute

HISTORY OF THE INTERNET

Charley Kline at UCLA sent the first packets on

ARPANET as he tried to connect to Stanford

Research Institute on 29 October 1969.

HISTORY OF THE INTERNET

Email was adapted for ARPANET by Ray Tomlinson in 1972. He picked the @ symbol to link username

and address.

HISTORY OF THE INTERNET

The telnet protocol was published as a Request for Comments (RFC) in 1972 to share developmental work

throughout community.

HISTORY OF THE INTERNET

The File Transfer Protocol (FTP) was published as an RFC in 1973. RFC became available to anyone who

had use of the FTP.

HISTORY OF THE INTERNET

Ethernet, a protocol for many local networks,

appeared in 1974. It is an outgrowth of Harvard

Student Bob Metcalfe’s dissertation on Packet

Networks.

HISTORY OF THE INTERNET

The Internet matured in the 70s as a result of the TCP/IP Architecture proposed and developed by Bob Kahn and

Vint Cerf at Stanford Research Institute.

HISTORY OF THE INTERNET

The TCP/IP was adopted by Defense Department in

1980 to replace the Network Control Protocol

(NCP) and universally adopted by 1983.

HISTORY OF THE INTERNET

In 1986, the National Science Foundation

funded NSFNet as a cross country 56 Kbps backbone

for the Internet.

HISTORY OF THE INTERNET

The National Science Foundation maintained

their sponsorship for nearly a decade, setting rules for

its non-commercial government and research

uses.

HISTORY OF THE INTERNET

In 1989, Tim Berners-Lee proposed a new protocol

for information distribution at the Center for European Nuclear Research (CERN) in

Switzerland.

HISTORY OF THE INTERNET

This protocol, which was based on hypertext (a

system embedding links in text to link to other text) became the World Wide

Web in 1991.

HISTORY OF THE INTERNET

In 1991, the really first friendly interface to the

Internet was developed at the University of

Minnesota.

HISTORY OF THE INTERNET

Prior to the Web, the Internet was all text, no graphics, no animations, no sound, or no video.

HISTORY OF THE INTERNET

The development in 1993 of the graphical browser Mosaic

by Marc Andreessen at the National Center for

Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) gave the protocol its

big boost.

HISTORY OF THE INTERNET

Andreessen became the brains behind Netscape Corp., which produce the most successful

graphical type of browser and server until Microsoft declared

war and developed its Microsoft Internet Explorer.

HISTORY OF THE INTERNET

Delphi was the first national commercial online service to offer Internet access to its subscriber. It opened up an

email connection in July 1992 and full Internet service in

November 1992.

HISTORY OF THE INTERNET

The first generation of the Web, known as Web 1.0,

focused on linking existing information.

HISTORY OF THE INTERNET

In 2001, the second generation, Web 2.0,

evolved to support more dynamic content creation

and social interaction.

HISTORY OF THE INTERNET

Web 3.0 focuses on computer generated

information requiring less human interaction to locate and integrate information.

THE INTERNET VS. THE WEB

The Internet is the actual network.

It is made up of wires, cables, satellites, and rules for exchanging information.

THE INTERNET VS. THE WEB

Being connected to this network is often described

as being ONLINE.

THE INTERNET VS. THE WEB

The Web is a multimedia interface to the resources

throughout the world.

THE INTERNET VS. THE WEB

Most Common Uses

CommunicationShoppingSearching

Education / E-LearningEntertainment