Download - Civilengineering 110602082200-phpapp02 (1)
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CIVIL ENGINEER
ING
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SUPERSTRUCTURESuperstructure of a building is the portion of the Structure above the foundation. It provides the necessary utility of the building with comfort, Structural safety, ventilation, etc.
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Types. Masonry
Roofing Flooring Plastering
BEAMS,COLUMNS AND LINTELS
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BEAMSBeam is the horizontal member of a structure, carrying transverse loads. Beam is rectangular in cross-section. Beam carry the Floor slab or the roof slab. Bram transfer all the loads including its self-weight to the columns or walls.
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R.C.C. Beam is subjected to bending moments and shear. Due to the vertical external load , bending compresses the top fibers of the beam and elongates the bottom fibers. The strength of R.C.C. beam depends on the compsite action of concrete and steels
R.C.C. BEAMS
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Load Acting on a Structure
Dead Load
Live Load
Dead load is the self-weight of thevarious components of a building.
Live load is the external superimposed load on a structure. Live loads may be
(i) Uniformly distributed load(ii) Uniformly varying load
(iii) Concentrated load
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Types of BEAMSSIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAMFIXED BEAMCANTILEVER BEAMCONTINUOUS BEAMOVERHANGING BEAM
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Simply supported beam
It is a beam supported freely at the two ends on walls or columns. In actual practice, no beam rests freely on the supports (walls or columns).
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Fixed beam In this beam, both
ends of the beam are rigidly fixed into the supports. Also, Main reinforcement bars and stirrups are provided.
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Cantilever beam It is fixed in a wall
or column at one end and the other end is free, it is called cantilever beam. It has tension zone in the top side and compression zone in the bottom side
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Continuous beam It is supported
on more than two supports . This beam is more economical for any span lengths.
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Overhanging beam In overhanging
beam, Its end extends beyond the wall or column support. Overhanging of the beam is the unsupported portion of the beam. It may be one side or both the sides of the support.
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R.C.C. Beams Singly Reinforced Beam
Doubly Reinforced Beam
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Types of Loading on Beams
Concentrated Load Uniformly Distributed Loads Uniformly Varying Loads Arbitrary Loading
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COLUMNSColumn is a vertical structural member. It transmits the load from ceiling/roof slab and beam, including its self-weight to the foundation. Columns may be subjected to a pure compressive load. R.C.C. columns are the most widely used now-a-days.
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Types of Columns Long Column Or Slender Short Column Intermediate Column
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R.C.C. ColumnsColumns of square, rectangular
and circular sections
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Précautions of Columns
construction Process of construction Vertical Height of concrete Columns for more then one storey Load on the column of the top storey
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Steel Columns or Stanchions
Standard Structural Steel Sections
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Build-up Column Sections
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LINTELS Lintel is a short beam with its ends
built into a wall. It is a horizontal structural member placed over small openings of the wall for door, window, ventilator, cupboard, etc.
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CLASSIFICATIONOF LINTELS
Timber Lintel Stone Lintel Brick Lintels Steel Lintels R.C.C. Lintels
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R.C.C. Lintel Over Inteior Door
Opening
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Effective Load On Lintel
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PRESENTED BY
SALMAN KHANARUN
Thank you