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CHARACTERISTICS OF PROKARYOTIC AND EUKARYOTIC CELLS
CHAPTER 4
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Cellular Characteristics Prokaryotes binary fission no nucleus/nucleoid no organelles no introns genes arranged as operons cell wall of peptidoglycan
Eukaryotes mitosis/meiosis nucleus histones organelles introns cell wall of chitin or cellulose or absent 80s rRNA
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Prokaryotic Cells Sizes
Shapes
Arrangement
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Typical Prokaryotic Cell
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Fig. 4-16ab
Gram–positive
Peptidoglycan
Cytoplasm
Membrane
Gram–negative
Peptidoglycan
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasmic membrane
Periplasm
Outer membrane(Iipopolysaccharide and protein)
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Gram Positive Cell Wall Gram positive
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Fig. 4-16c
Peptidoglycan
Cytoplasmicmembrane
TEM of bacterium
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Gram Negative Cell Wall Gram negative
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Fig. 4-16Gram–positive
Peptidoglycan
Cytoplasm
Membrane
Gram–negative
Peptidoglycan
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasmic membranePeriplasm
Outer membrane(Iipopolysaccharide and protein)
Outer membrane
Cytoplasmicmembrane
Peptidoglycan
Peptidoglycan
Cytoplasmicmembrane
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PeptidoglycanPeptidoglycan
Fig. 4-23
O–polysaccharide
Outermembrane
Cellwall
Periplasm
Cytoplasmicmembrane
Corepolysaccharide
Lipid A Protein Out
Lipopoly-saccharide(LPS)
8 nm
Porin
Phospholipid
Lipoprotein
In
Peptidoglycan
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Acid Fast Cell Wall
Acid Fast
Wall deficient
Lipid layer penetrated by hydrophobic carbol fuchsin
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Cell Structures — Membrane
Plasma membrane
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Cell Structures — Membrane
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Internal Cell Structures
Cytoplasm
Ribosomes
Nuclear region
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Inclusions
Internal Membranes
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Endospores
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Fig. 4-38
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Fig. 4-39
Vegetative cell
Developing spore
Sporulating cell
Mature spore
Ger
min
atio
n
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Fig. 4-41
Exosporium
Spore coat
Core wall
Cortex
DNA
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Cell Structures — External
Flagellae
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Fig. 4-4714 nm
Filament
Flagellin
Outermembrane(LPS)
Hook
L Ring
P Ring
Rod
Periplasm
MS Ring Basalbody
C Ring
Cytoplasmicmembrane Mot
protein
Fli proteins(motor switch)
45 nm
Motprotein
Peptidoglycan
Rod
MS Ring
C Ring
Motprotein
L P
MS
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Cell Structures — Axial filaments Axial Filaments
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Cell Structures — Attachment
Pili
Fimbriae
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Cell Structures — Glycocalyx
Capsule
Slime Layer
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Eukaryotic Cell Structure
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Eukaryotic Cells Plasma membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
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Eukaryotic Organelles — Mt Mitochondria
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Eukaryotic Organelles — Chloroplasts
Chloroplasts
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Eukaryotic Organelles
Ribosomes
Endoplasmic Reticulum
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Eukaryotic Organelles
Golgi Apparatus
Lysosomes
Peroxisomes
Vacuoles
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Cytoskeleton and Motility Cytoskeleton Flagellae
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Motility — Cilia
Cilia
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Motility — Cilia
Cilia
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Motility — Cilia
Cilia
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Motility — Pseudopods
Pseudopodia
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Cell Walls
Fungal cell wall (chitin) Plant cell wall(cellulose)
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Endosymbiotic Theory
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Endosymbiosis
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Movement Across Membranes
Diffusion
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Osmosis
Water movement
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Active Transport
Active transport
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Endo/Exocytosis