Chapters 14 & 15 (Part I) Guided Notes

Chapter 14: The Formation of Earth Earth’s Age

Scientists think that Earth formed more than ____ _________________years ago by the accumulation of dust and debris moving through space.

Radiometric Dating

The ages of rocks and other materials can be determined by measuring the amount of ___________________________ _____________________that has occurred in radioactive isotopes found in samples of those materials.

An isotope’s ___________________ is the time that _________________of a sample of the isotope takes to decay.

The First Cells

The first cells that formed on Earth were probably ________________________ __________________________________.

Chemosynthesis o The first autotrophic cells probably used ___________________________ to make food. o _______________________________produces energy through the use of inorganic

substances, such as sulfur.

Chapter 15: Evolution Evolution: __________________ in a _______________ over _______________

• In science, theories are statements or models that have been _______________ and _______________________ _________________ times

• Can be used to make _________________________ • Can be _______________________ as new evidence is found

• Charles Darwin developed the _______________________________________________________, which explained how organisms changed over time (_______________________)

• ________________Theory of ____________________ _______________________________ • Thought that you would _____________ or __________________ features if you overused or

didn't use them, and that these changes would be __________________ to ___________________________

• PROVEN TO BE ____________________!

• Darwin noted that there existed many finches on the islands, but while they had similarities, each was ______________________ to eating a _______________________ type of island food.

• He concluded that the finches all came from ___________ ________________________species and ________________________ into __________________ ______________ species. Darwin’s Ideas

Darwin wrote On the Origin of Species, in which he argued that:

• _________________________ with _________________________occurs, in that species descended from ___________________ancestors, and that ___________________ ________________________is the _________________________for evolution.

• Natural Selection: Organisms in a population _______________ to their environment as the proportion of individuals with genes for _______________________ ___________________increases.

• Those individuals that pass on ________________genes are considered to have greater _______________________.

1. _______________________ exists among individuals in a species. 2. Individuals will _____________________ for resources (food, mates, and space). 3. Competition would lead to the death of some individuals while others would __________________. 4. Individuals that had advantageous variations are more likely to survive and _______________________.

This process came to be known as __________________ _________________________ The favorable variations are called _______________________________

1. Say in a species of blob, there exists blobs

of all shapes and sizes (______________)

2. During a particularly hot year,

food became less abundant (

_________________) & blobs that had

the ability to dig into the soil to get food

had a better chance of survival.

3. The ones that survived mated and passed

their genes to the next generation.

(______________)

4. The next generation had move blobs with the

pointed noses. That is ___________________

___________________.