Download - Chapter 3 (Immobilized Enzyme)
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CHAPTER 3
IMMOBILIZED
ENZYMES
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Immobilized Enzymes:
- Advantages of enzymes as industrial
catalyst OVER conventional catalyst.
- Advantages of immobilized enzymesOVER soluble enzymes.
- Current and potential applications of
immobilized enzymes in industry.
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Enzyme Reaction Process
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Advantages of enzymes as
INDUSTRIAL ATALYST
over ONVENTIONAL
ATALYST
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Conventional Catalyst Enzyme Catalyst
FunctionSubstances that increase or
decrease the rate of a chemical
reaction but remain unchanged.
Proteins that increase rate ofchemical reactions converting
substrate into product.Molecular
weightLow molecular weight
compounds.High molecular weight globular
proteins.
TypesThere are two types of catalysts
– positive and negative catalysts.
There are two types ofenzymes - activation enzymes
and inhibitory enzymes.
NatureCatalysts are simple inorganic
molecules. Enzymes are complex proteins.
Alternateterms
Inorganic catalyst. Organic catalyst or bio catalyst.
Reactionrates
Typically slower Several times faster
Specificity
They are not specific and
therefore end up producingresidues with errors
Enzymes are highly specific
producing large amount ofgood residues
Conditions High temp, pressureMild conditions, physiological
pH and temperatureC-C and C-
H bondsabsent present
Example vanadium oxide amylase, lipase
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IMMOBILIZED
ENZYMES
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Enzyme Immobilization????
To restrict enzyme
mobility in a fixed space.
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Enzyme Immobilization????
Immbolized enzymes are
ATTACHED
to an insoluble suppport medium or enclosed by the support medium
which is also known as a CARRIER
In some cases, the enzymes molecules are
cross-linked to each other so that their
movement is restricted but their catalytic
activities are retained.
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Need for Immobilizaton
ECONOMICAL
CONVENIENCE
STABILITY
continuous use of bio-catalyst is possible
separation of bio-catalyst &
product is much easier thanconventional batch process
Immobilized enzymes
typically have greater thermal& operational stability than
the soluble form of the
enzyme
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Method for Enzyme
Immobilization
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Methods for immobilization enzyme
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Carrier-binding Method
The oldest immobilization
method. Carriers (water insoluble)
such as polysaccharide
derivatives, synthetic
polymers, and porous glass,etc.
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Cross-linking Method
Based on the formation of chemical bonds, but
water-insoluble carriers are not used in this method.
Reagents such as glutaldehyde, bisdiazobenzidine,
and hexamethylene diisocyanate, etc.
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Entrapping Method
Based on confining enzymes in the lattice of a polymer matrix or enclosingenzymes in semipermeable membranes.
A chemical polymerization reaction e.g. cllagen, gelatin, cellulose etc.
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Preparation &
Characteristics
of immobilized
enzyme
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Preparation & Characteristics of
immobilized enzyme
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The properties of
immobilized enzymes
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The properties of immobilized enzymes
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The properties of immobilized enzymes
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Characterization of immobilized
enzymes
scheme of a particle with immobilized
biocatalyst
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Advantages of
IMMOBILIZED ENZYMES over SOLUBLE ENZYMES
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the current and potential of
applications of immobilized
enzymes in industry ---> will
be upload later