chapter 3 (immobilized enzyme)

8/18/2019 Chapter 3 (Immobilized Enzyme)

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CHAPTER 3

IMMOBILIZED

ENZYMES


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Immobilized Enzymes:

- Advantages of enzymes as industrial

catalyst OVER conventional catalyst.

- Advantages of immobilized enzymesOVER soluble enzymes.

- Current and potential applications of

immobilized enzymes in industry.


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Enzyme Reaction Process


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Advantages of enzymes as

INDUSTRIAL ATALYST

over ONVENTIONAL

ATALYST


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Conventional Catalyst Enzyme Catalyst

FunctionSubstances that increase or

decrease the rate of a chemical

reaction but remain unchanged.

Proteins that increase rate ofchemical reactions converting

substrate into product.Molecular

weightLow molecular weight

compounds.High molecular weight globular

proteins.

TypesThere are two types of catalysts

– positive and negative catalysts.

There are two types ofenzymes - activation enzymes

and inhibitory enzymes.

NatureCatalysts are simple inorganic

molecules. Enzymes are complex proteins.

Alternateterms

Inorganic catalyst. Organic catalyst or bio catalyst.

Reactionrates

Typically slower Several times faster

Specificity

They are not specific and

therefore end up producingresidues with errors

Enzymes are highly specific

producing large amount ofgood residues

Conditions High temp, pressureMild conditions, physiological

pH and temperatureC-C and C-

H bondsabsent present

Example vanadium oxide amylase, lipase


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IMMOBILIZED

ENZYMES


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Enzyme Immobilization????

To restrict enzyme

mobility in a fixed space.


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Enzyme Immobilization????

Immbolized enzymes are

ATTACHED

to an insoluble suppport medium or enclosed by the support medium

which is also known as a CARRIER

In some cases, the enzymes molecules are

cross-linked to each other so that their

movement is restricted but their catalytic

activities are retained.


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Need for Immobilizaton

ECONOMICAL

CONVENIENCE

STABILITY

continuous use of bio-catalyst is possible

separation of bio-catalyst &

product is much easier thanconventional batch process

Immobilized enzymes

typically have greater thermal& operational stability than

the soluble form of the

enzyme


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Method for Enzyme

Immobilization


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Methods for immobilization enzyme


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Carrier-binding Method

The oldest immobilization

method. Carriers (water insoluble)

such as polysaccharide

derivatives, synthetic

polymers, and porous glass,etc.


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Cross-linking Method

Based on the formation of chemical bonds, but

water-insoluble carriers are not used in this method.

Reagents such as glutaldehyde, bisdiazobenzidine,

and hexamethylene diisocyanate, etc.


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Entrapping Method

Based on confining enzymes in the lattice of a polymer matrix or enclosingenzymes in semipermeable membranes.

A chemical polymerization reaction e.g. cllagen, gelatin, cellulose etc.


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Preparation &

Characteristics

of immobilized

enzyme


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Preparation & Characteristics of

immobilized enzyme


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The properties of

immobilized enzymes


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The properties of immobilized enzymes


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The properties of immobilized enzymes


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Characterization of immobilized

enzymes

scheme of a particle with immobilized

biocatalyst


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Advantages of

IMMOBILIZED ENZYMES over SOLUBLE ENZYMES


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the current and potential of

applications of immobilized

enzymes in industry ---> will

be upload later

chapter 3 (immobilized enzyme)

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