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Chapter 13
Section 2
Feudalism in Europe
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Vikings• Vikings were
Germanic sailors from the wintry, wooded region known as Scandinavia.
• Vikings worshiped warlike gods and chose nicknames like Eric Blood axe or Thornfin Skull splitter.
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Leif Ericson • According to ledged a
Viking named Leif Ericson (Eric the red), explored a large land mass west of Greenland they called Vineland.
• Leif Ericson and other Vikings most likely reached north America 1000-500 years before Columbus.
• Vikings gradually accepted Christianity and stopped raiding villages and terrorizing Europe
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New Social Order
• Feudalism- the political unit in which nobles are granted land in the name of the king.
• In return they gave loyalty to the king, military service and protection for the people who live there.
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The Feudal PyramidLord- landowner who
granted land called a fief
Knights- mounted warriors who pledged to defend vassals
land for a fief.
Church official- official church of the lords land
Peasant- lower class laborer
who tended the lords field.
Serf- lowest of the peasants, who could not leave the place in which they were born.
Vassal-person receiving fief usually a noble
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The Manor System
• Manor- the Lords estate (home)
• The Lord provided the peasant /serfs with housing, land to work on and protection from bandits.
• In return the serfs tended the lord’s land, cared for it’s animals and gave the lord a portion of their product, while paying taxes.
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Manor Cont…• The manor was self-
sufficient, meaning all they needed to survive was found on the Lords land.
• The Peasants/serfs paid a tax to use the lords mill to ground their grain and paid a tax to marry.
• Peasant/serfs also paid a tithe, a tax of 1/10 of their income to the church.
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Manor cont.….• Peasants lived in one or two
room cottages with dirt floors.
• At night pigs would be brought in to sleep on the floor to heat it up.
• To sleep, families slept together on a pile of straws often crawling with insects.
• Diets consisted of mainly vegetables, coarse brown bread, grain, cheese and soup.