Download - Chapter 10 Notes
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Growth & Expansion1790-1825
CHAPTER 10 NOTES
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ECONOMIC GROWTHThe Growth of Industry 1) Most people worked on farms, so
machines were developed to make work more efficient2) Machines ran on water power:
mills located next to riversA. Industrial Revolution in New England -
1800* Geography of New England leads to
Industry 1) Poor soil for farming
2) Many rivers for water power for machines
3) Close to resources like coal & iron4) Has many ports so goods could be shipped
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BB. New Technology. New Technology:: 1) Spinning Jenny – spun thread1) Spinning Jenny – spun thread 2) Power Loom – wove cloth2) Power Loom – wove cloth 3) 3) Cotton GinCotton Gin – ( – (Eli WhitneyEli Whitney) – ) – removed seeds from the cottonremoved seeds from the cotton 4) Interchangeable Parts4) Interchangeable PartsC. C. Patents & FactoriesPatents & Factories 1) Factory system is created – all 1) Factory system is created – all manufacturing steps in one placemanufacturing steps in one placeD. D. Free EnterpriseFree Enterprise 1) Allows people to buy, sell, & 1) Allows people to buy, sell, & produce as they wish with limited produce as they wish with limited govt. govt. involvementinvolvement 2) 2) Industrial growth requires Industrial growth requires competition in production & competition in production & in in finding best prices for goodsfinding best prices for goods
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Agriculture Expands
* Farming remains leading economic activity
* Cotton production soars with use of Cotton Gin – causes issue of slavery
Economic Independence
A. Cities Come of Age
1) Growth of factories lead to growth of cities
2) Cities grow around rivers for water power & shipping
3) Jobs & attractions of the city outweighed any dangers
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WESTWARD BOUND
Moving West 1) In 30 years (1790-1820), population more than doubles 2) 1820 – 4 million people now live west of Appalachian Mtns.
A. Roads & Turnpikes 1) Roads were built for trade routes 2) Called “Corduroy Roads” – logs side by side so they could withstand rain/mud
B. River Travel1) Was hard early because rivers flowed north to south & travel upstream was difficult2) Regular steamboat travel begins in 1812
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CORDUROY
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Canals* De Witt Clinton – plans the Erie
canal to connect New York with the Great Lakes
A. Building the Erie Canal
1) Many Irish immigrants helped build the canal
2) Very dangerous – many died in explosion accidents
3) Canal completed on Oct. 26, 1825
4) Connected Lake Erie with the Hudson Bay – could then get to the Atlantic Ocean
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ERIE CANAL - LAYOUT
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Western SettlementWestern Settlement* Between 1800 & 1820, population west * Between 1800 & 1820, population west of Appalachian Mts. Increases to 4 millionof Appalachian Mts. Increases to 4 million* People in the west don’t live with * People in the west don’t live with conveniences of eastern town lifeconveniences of eastern town life
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UNITY & SECTIONALISM
The Era of Good Feelings
* Absence of major political division during this period
* James Monroe elected President - widespread national unity
Sectionalism & the American Spirit
* Regional differences (north, south, west, etc.) bring an end to Era of Good Feelings
* Many disagreements over slavery, tariffs, national bank, etc.
A. John C. Calhoun – South Carolina
1) Proponent of state sovereignty
2) States should govern themselves
B. Daniel Webster – New Hampshire (north)
1) Proponent of national power
2) Against sectionalism
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C. Missouri Compromise - 1820
1) Tension existed – would slavery be allowed when a state was admitted to the Union
2) Missouri & Maine apply for statehood
3) Missouri Comp. preserves balance of power:
1) Missouri in as a slave state
2) Maine in as a free state
3) No more slavery north of Missouri’s southern border
(36/30North)
D. McCulloch v. Maryland & Gibbons v. Ogden
1) Court cases gave more power to national govt.
2) States rights were lessened
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MISSOURI COMPROMISE - 1820
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Foreign AffairsForeign AffairsA. Relations with BritainA. Relations with Britain
1) Both countries agreed to 1) Both countries agreed to secure the border secure the border between U.S. & Canada between U.S. & Canada (British territory) (British territory) without military without military
B. Monroe Doctrine – Dec. 1823B. Monroe Doctrine – Dec. 18231) America will not interfere 1) America will not interfere with any existing with any existing European colonies in European colonies in America, America, but:but: 2) North & South America 2) North & South America will not allow any will not allow any future colonization by future colonization by European powers European powers
PresidentJames Monroe
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CH. 10 VOCAB• Interchangeable Parts- Uniform pieces that can be
made in large quantities to replace other identical pieces.
• Patent- A document that gives an inventor the sole legal right to an invention.
• Factory System- System bringing manufacturing steps together in one place to increase efficiency
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CH. 10 VOCAB QUIZ• Factory System
• Capital
• Free Enterprise
• Patent
• Interchangeable Parts
• Capitalism
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VOCAB CONTINUED• Capitalism- Economic system based on private
property & free market
• Capital- The wealth, whether in money or property, owned by a business or individual
• Free Enterprise- Freedom of private businesses to operate competitively for profit within minimal gov’t. regulation.