Growth & Expansion1790-1825

CHAPTER 10 NOTES

ECONOMIC GROWTHThe Growth of Industry 1) Most people worked on farms, so

machines were developed to make work more efficient2) Machines ran on water power:

mills located next to riversA. Industrial Revolution in New England -

1800* Geography of New England leads to

Industry 1) Poor soil for farming

2) Many rivers for water power for machines

3) Close to resources like coal & iron4) Has many ports so goods could be shipped

BB. New Technology. New Technology:: 1) Spinning Jenny – spun thread1) Spinning Jenny – spun thread 2) Power Loom – wove cloth2) Power Loom – wove cloth 3) 3) Cotton GinCotton Gin – ( – (Eli WhitneyEli Whitney) – ) – removed seeds from the cottonremoved seeds from the cotton 4) Interchangeable Parts4) Interchangeable PartsC. C. Patents & FactoriesPatents & Factories 1) Factory system is created – all 1) Factory system is created – all manufacturing steps in one placemanufacturing steps in one placeD. D. Free EnterpriseFree Enterprise 1) Allows people to buy, sell, & 1) Allows people to buy, sell, & produce as they wish with limited produce as they wish with limited govt. govt. involvementinvolvement 2) 2) Industrial growth requires Industrial growth requires competition in production & competition in production & in in finding best prices for goodsfinding best prices for goods

Agriculture Expands

* Farming remains leading economic activity

* Cotton production soars with use of Cotton Gin – causes issue of slavery

Economic Independence

A. Cities Come of Age

1) Growth of factories lead to growth of cities

2) Cities grow around rivers for water power & shipping

3) Jobs & attractions of the city outweighed any dangers

WESTWARD BOUND

Moving West 1) In 30 years (1790-1820), population more than doubles 2) 1820 – 4 million people now live west of Appalachian Mtns.

A. Roads & Turnpikes 1) Roads were built for trade routes 2) Called “Corduroy Roads” – logs side by side so they could withstand rain/mud

B. River Travel1) Was hard early because rivers flowed north to south & travel upstream was difficult2) Regular steamboat travel begins in 1812

CORDUROY

Canals* De Witt Clinton – plans the Erie

canal to connect New York with the Great Lakes

A. Building the Erie Canal

1) Many Irish immigrants helped build the canal

2) Very dangerous – many died in explosion accidents

3) Canal completed on Oct. 26, 1825

4) Connected Lake Erie with the Hudson Bay – could then get to the Atlantic Ocean

ERIE CANAL - LAYOUT

Western SettlementWestern Settlement* Between 1800 & 1820, population west * Between 1800 & 1820, population west of Appalachian Mts. Increases to 4 millionof Appalachian Mts. Increases to 4 million* People in the west don’t live with * People in the west don’t live with conveniences of eastern town lifeconveniences of eastern town life

UNITY & SECTIONALISM

The Era of Good Feelings

* Absence of major political division during this period

* James Monroe elected President - widespread national unity

Sectionalism & the American Spirit

* Regional differences (north, south, west, etc.) bring an end to Era of Good Feelings

* Many disagreements over slavery, tariffs, national bank, etc.

A. John C. Calhoun – South Carolina

1) Proponent of state sovereignty

2) States should govern themselves

B. Daniel Webster – New Hampshire (north)

1) Proponent of national power

2) Against sectionalism

C. Missouri Compromise - 1820

1) Tension existed – would slavery be allowed when a state was admitted to the Union

2) Missouri & Maine apply for statehood

3) Missouri Comp. preserves balance of power:

1) Missouri in as a slave state

2) Maine in as a free state

3) No more slavery north of Missouri’s southern border

(36/30North)

D. McCulloch v. Maryland & Gibbons v. Ogden

1) Court cases gave more power to national govt.

2) States rights were lessened

MISSOURI COMPROMISE - 1820

Foreign AffairsForeign AffairsA. Relations with BritainA. Relations with Britain

1) Both countries agreed to 1) Both countries agreed to secure the border secure the border between U.S. & Canada between U.S. & Canada (British territory) (British territory) without military without military

B. Monroe Doctrine – Dec. 1823B. Monroe Doctrine – Dec. 18231) America will not interfere 1) America will not interfere with any existing with any existing European colonies in European colonies in America, America, but:but: 2) North & South America 2) North & South America will not allow any will not allow any future colonization by future colonization by European powers European powers

PresidentJames Monroe

CH. 10 VOCAB• Interchangeable Parts- Uniform pieces that can be

made in large quantities to replace other identical pieces.

• Patent- A document that gives an inventor the sole legal right to an invention.

• Factory System- System bringing manufacturing steps together in one place to increase efficiency

CH. 10 VOCAB QUIZ• Factory System

• Capital

• Free Enterprise

• Patent

• Interchangeable Parts

• Capitalism

VOCAB CONTINUED• Capitalism- Economic system based on private

property & free market

• Capital- The wealth, whether in money or property, owned by a business or individual

• Free Enterprise- Freedom of private businesses to operate competitively for profit within minimal gov’t. regulation.