Chapter 10
10.8 Locally listed buildings
There is no Local List for Chacewater (nor, indeed, for Cornwall Council generally) and the identification of buildings or structures for a Local List is considered to be an urgent priority, once the criteria have been agreed. Any Local List should be drawn up with the full consultation of the local community.
10.9 Enforcement
During the survey work for the Character Appraisal, a number of sites or buildings were identified where works have taken place that may not have been authorised and where enforcement action may be relevant. These are typically visible satellite dishes and modern windows or doors and they include alterations to listed buildings.
10.10 Highways and traffic management
Traffic management is the single largest concern to be expressed in the consultation responses. The volume of traffic on High Street/Fore Street, the congestion it causes and difficulty in crossing the road are the primary worries, but there is also the speed of vehicles when congestion eases and the effects of on street parking.
10.11 Archaeological potential
It is known that industrial finishing processes were undertaken in Chacewater during the 19th century, but there is little visible evidence of this history. However, there is likely to be evidence below
Former shop in High Street
Need for building repairs in High Street
Remains of former building east of the river
45
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ground and investigation of this archaeological potential would add to the understanding of Chacewater’s past. There are remains of old stone walls beside the footpath, and reputedly an old well, on the land to the east of the Carnon River between Eckla Vue & Meadow Side, possibly associated with the former brewery in this area.
Other areas that would reward further study are the system of leats running through the village and the economic and physical pattern of small-holdings that supported a working population.
10.12 Enhancement potential
There is a strong case for a comprehensive scheme of building repairs and public realm improvements along the High Street/Fore Street corridor and including The Square in order to address both building condition and traffic management.
The village car park would also benefit from enhancements beyond the planned resurfacing. As the significance of the World Heritage Site becomes more widely appreciated, the car park is likely to become a more important place of arrival. It is the logical place to provide interpretation facilities.
Elsewhere, all surviving examples of historic paving are vulnerable unless they are cherished and enhanced. Less obvious too are the historic boundary walls and leats that should be better understood and preserved.
10.13 Trees
Trees make an important contribution to the character of Chacewater. Many are reaching advanced stages of maturity while others are considered to be obstacles. A tree strategy that considered issues of amenity, practicality and, importantly, succession planning would reduce the need to take ad hoc decisions on a case-by-case basis.
10.14 Sustainable development
The use of wind turbines, solar heating panels, and double glazing were all considered to be important by residents, some of whom thought that planning controls should be relaxed to allow greater flexibility.
Chapter 10
Earlier metalled surface at Wheal Busy LaneNissan hut at the centre of the car parkt
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Chapter 10
Trees in St Paul’s Churchyard
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APPENDICES
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Historical development of Chacewater
Evidence of prehistoric activity near to Chacewater is limited to a possible cropmark of an enclosure identified at Little Chacewood, approximately 100 metres south of the parish church. The Cornwall and Scilly Sites and Monuments Record also records that Pound Cottage, on the western limit of the village, may mark the site of a medieval stock enclosure.
The place name evidence suggests that the surrounding area was unenclosed land during the medieval period and was probably maintained as a hunting preserve: hence the ‘chase’ in Chacewater. Much of the agricultural area surrounding Chacewater has been recorded in the Cornwall Landscape Assessment as post-mediaeval farmland.
Chacewater became the property of the Boscawen family in 1335 and it descended through the family of Viscount Falmouth as part of the Tregothnan Estate. The presence of a single large landowner in the area has had an impact on controlling the spread of development and on the exploitation of mineral deposits.
Post-Conquest
The origins of the settlement of Chacewater appear to lie between the production of a detailed map of Kerrier Hundred, produced in 1597, which does not record any evidence for a settlement in this location and the Joel Gascoyne’s map of Cornwall of 1699, which does show a hamlet north of the
main Truro-Redruth road. The settlement recorded in 1699 appears to be set-back from the road with small enclosures in the intervening space.
A tin mine, named the Great Works, was recorded in the vicinity of Chacewater in the 16th century and this later became known as Wheal Busy. By 1718, if not earlier, this had become one of Cornwall’s most significant mines. Copper was first produced there around 1724 and, in 1725, Joseph Hornblower installed some of the earliest Newcomen engines to be used in the mines. In 1768 the Great County Adit was driven into the Wheal Bury mine, which increased the efficiency of the mining process. In 1778 the first Boulton and Watt engine to be used in a Cornish mine was installed at Wheal Busy.
Although the Cornish mining industry suffered a temporary decline in the later 18th century, its fortunes recovered at the beginning of the 19th century due to increased demand resulting from the Napoleonic Wars and the depletion of copper deposits elsewhere.
Pre-19th century - early tinners’ smallholdingsThe Cornwall Industrial Settlements Initiative (CISI) report regarding Chacewater suggests that the earliest settlement avoided the valley floor, where tin streaming would have been practised. Instead it was located along the valley sides aligned on lanes, which led to the various mines outside the valley, as well as extending southwards along the valley and thus forming the alignment of the modern street of the Terrace and the Falmouth Road.
The settlement would have formed a loose grouping of ‘tinners’ smallholdings, with some larger farmsteads, reflecting the mixed economy practiced by the early tin miners. However, the first
edition of the Ordnance Survey in 1809 records that a village centre had been established by that date following the east-west alignment of the main road.
Early 19th century - development of a commercial/public centreDuring the 19th century Chacewater developed as an economic and civic centre for the farming and industrial communities. It was divided between the parishes of Kenwyn and Kea until 1837 when it had grown sufficiently to become a parish in its own right. A new church had been built to the south of the village in 1828. A Primitive Methodist Chapel was also opened in 1830 and a Wesleyan Methodist chapel was opened in 1832. The Bethel Methodist Chapel was added in 1842.
Industrial development within the village included the establishment of a brewery to the north of Fore Street in the area now named Brewery Court. The long terrace of cottages on Station Road may have been built to provide brewery workers’ homes. The tithe award for Kenwyn parish, produced in 1841, records Pitsleweren Stamps and Lobbs Stamps, which are believed to have been stamping mills, used for crushing ore, whilst fields named Upper Stamps and Lower Stamps were located between The Terrace and High Street. It is also recorded that Chacewater contained as many as 13 public houses by 1830.
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The Kenwyn Parish Tithe map of 1841 shows both the areas of more scattered housing along the Terrace, North Hill, High Street and Falmouth Road, as well as the planned development of terraced buildings along Fore Street, the Square and Station Road. Buildings in the Square appear to have included the King’s Head and a structure on the north side of The Square with a distinctive ‘U’ shaped plan, which may be preserved in the plans of Nos. 37-40 Fore Street.
The tithe map for Kea parish of 1843 shows significantly less development on the east side of the river crossing, suggesting that the river served as the boundary of the planned development.
Later 19th century – mining decline/economic redirectionThe Village School was built in 1847 between the parish church and the village, whilst the mainline railway station was opened in 1852 just over half a mile to the north of the village. However, the 1850s saw the beginning of a long term decline for the mining industries that had hitherto driven the economic prosperity of the area. Wheal Busy mine was closed in 1873 and the population of Chacewater fell from 3558 to 2053 in the ten years to 1891.
Comparison of trade directories reveals that the mixture of businesses in Chacewater had moved from craftsmen supplying the mines towards more domestic shop keeping supplying the local village and farming populations. The CISI report for Chacewater also suggests that the character of the area changed through the increasing presence
of market gardens and fruit growing in the area, stimulated by the presence of the railway line and improved access to urban markets.
The Ordnance Survey edition of 1880 records that Chacewater had reached the limits of development that would confine it for the following seventy years. The development of terraced buildings had extended to the east of the River Carnon, including Nos.1-9 and 13-16 Chacewater Hill. Further development to the west of the town included The Crown Inn and an adjacent Post Office on the High Street. A Masonic hall is also recorded to the rear of the Britannia Inn at this time.
In 1892, the parish church was completely re-modelled, albeit to accommodate a reduced congregation. In the following year, the Passmore Edwards Literary Institute was opened. This was the second of four institutes in Cornwall donated by the philanthropist, John Passmore Edwards, who was born nearby at Blackwater. That it was possible to demolish the pre-existing buildings to construct the new institute may reflect the low demand for property in the centre of Chacewater at this time.
Early 20th century – mining revival The apparent trend away from industrial production was reversed with the reopening of the Wheal Busy mine in 1907 and the Killifreth mine in 1911. Both mines operated largely for arsenic production until the 1940s when they were finally closed down and the machinery scrapped.
However, despite this period of revival it appears that Chacewater continued to function primarily as a commercial centre for agriculture. It provided an important horse and cattle market in the early to mid 20th century. The brewery also continued as an important local employer until the mid-20th century. In 1925 Lord Falmouth donated the recreation ground for the use of the villagers, but there was very little development.
Later 20th century – end of mining/residential expansionAfter the closure of the mines and with the increasing use of motorcars from 1946, the village began to function as a dormitory settlement for Truro. The railway station was closed in 1964 ‘sealing Chacewater’s fate as an economic backwater’. (CISI report - 2002)
Development in the later 20th century has included a significant proportion of residential infill, between Fore Street/High Street and The Terrace as well as the former Brewery Site and along Falmouth Road. Expansion of the village to the east and south east included the construction of housing estates with a mixture of bungalows and two storey houses to the north of Kerley Hill in the 1950s. A second phase of expansion to the south of Kerley Hill took place in the late 1990s/early 2000s.
Despite conversion of many of the former commercial properties on Fore Street to residential use, many have retained distinctive shopfronts, which has preserved the character of the settlement as an historic commercial centre.
Appendix 1
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Appendix 1
1841 Tithe Map
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Appendix 1
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52
1880 Ordnance Survey First Edition
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Appendix 153
CHACEWATER CONSERVATION AREA CHARACTER APPRAISAL
1906 Ordnance Survey
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Appendix 2
Maps
Map 1 Character areasMap 2 Townscape appraisal map
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CHACEWATER CONSERVATION AREA CHARACTER APPRAISAL
Track
Hillside
kenw
ith
NO
RTH
HILL
Tre-Bron
Chymen
eth
Try-Golva
Chy-an
-Brec
3
Brockenhurst
5
Cheverney
6
17 to 28
Brookside
9 to 16
1 to 8
Willows
THE TERRACE
7
8
9
12
La Caprice
12a
Rose
Cottages
74.6m
Stone GP
69.4m
67.1m
The Great Walled
Garden
65.5m
Tremarner
64.2m
BM 64.83m
71.5m
89
6
HIGH STREET
10
PH
13
14
20
20
22
MS
1959.4m
1a
1b
5
21
Woodside
Cottages
Recreation
Ground
Pavilion
Track
78.3m
Path
(um
)
BM 88.81m
93.0m
Anzac
Cottages
99.7m
BM 104.46m
Meadowmist
108.2m
105.9m
Track
7
A 390
Track
1
FALMOUTH ROAD
Astega
Sundown
Cottage
Trewin
Chybean
The
Cedar Wood
BUCK
ING
HA
M N
IP
SERG
EAN
TS H
ILL
Kerley
Torre
Carn Lea
High
April
7172
7361
6359
6751
7753
8652
5314
5406
5600 6100 6600 7100 9600
9506
9912
9517
8311
8421
7918
8231
5928
5950
1 to 3
Greensleeves
Bostrase
Am
berley
Cottage
Menhegy
House
View
12
The
Barn
Cottage
Lantern
Melbury
1
2
Doon Brae
The Stables
Creegbrawse Cottage
Woodside
Bow
ling
Gre
en
34
13
9
13
17
2
3
7
1
27
24
19
1
9
1
13
7
18
17
16
13
11
10
6
12
27
2014
1559
2412
0307
0104
2009
2700
9
1
2
4
45
46
44
42
28
34
33
40
32
35
Trenessa
North Hill
House
Estrella
NORTH
HILL
Seasons
St Jay's
Lodge
Church
Hall
PH
Inst
57.1m
PO
PH
54.9m
BM 55.76m
60.9m
67.8m
The
Cot
tage
Westering
Crossw
ays
ROSELAND CR
Vidill
East Bridge
55.2m
55.9m
50.8m
BM 52.98m
Lower
Chancewood
BM 82.02m
War Meml
St Paul's Church
Path
54.3m
Glenm
or
Umina
86.5m
91.3m
80.4m
Trelawne
Track
BM 72.23m
70.2m
64.9m
Hall
59.0m
BM 60.86m
Toll
Cottage
PC
TCB
Car Park
PlayArea
Trewlawne
Cottage
CH
URC
HH
ILL
Pavilion
Chacewater
Chapel
House
FB
Riverside
THE TERRACE
FORE STREET
THE SQ
UA
RE
1
5
BM 65.20m
Eckla Vue
Hetherlee
1
2
Brewery
Ct
FB
12
35
6
54
JAKE
'S LA
NE
Inst
Chacewater Junior
& Infant School
Vicarage
Lych Gate
4
28
32
35
33
Post
Recreation
Ground
3
1
Hod
ges
Cou
rt
FB
Lower
Chacewood
Cottage
LOW
ER
MEAD
OW
4
1
Truran
Ho
5
Rose
vean
Meadow
Springs
Tresco
Pine
View
Bremar
Glenhaven
Kenwith
Chapel
Ct
12
Carn
Tagree
Robern
7
1
19
18
16
14
10
1
4
KERLEY
KERLEY
VALE
VALE
27
22
20
Greenbank
1
3
Health C
entre
Regeana
20
22
31
26
25
23
27
28
The Thimble
The
Yard
1
Bowling
Green
BaddonCottage
3
4
1
2Cornwall Council
Chacewater Conservation Area
Character Area Map
(Not to scale)
1 - High Street / Fore Street
2 - South side
3 - The east end
4 - Riverside
This map is reproduced from Ordnance Survey material with the permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of the Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office © Crown copyright. Unauthorised reproduction infringes Crown copyright and may lead to prosecution or civil proceedings. (100023554) (2007).
Chacewater DTP.indd 55 10/12/2008 10:23:25
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Track
kenw
ith
NO
RTH
HILL
Tre-Bron
Chymen
eth
Try-Golva
Chy-an
-Brec
3
Brockenhurst
5
Cheverney
6
17 to 28
Brookside
9 to 16
1 to 8
THE TERRACE
7
8
9
Tremarner
64.2m
BM 64.83m
71.5m
89
6
HIGH STREET
10
PH
13
14
20
20
22
MS
1959.4m
1a
1b
5
21
Woodside
Cottages
Recreation
Ground
Pavilion
Track
.3m
7
A 390
1
FALMOUTH ROAD
Astega
ING
HA
M N
IP
SERG
EAN
TS
HILL
Kerley
Torre
Carn Lea
High
8652
9517
8421
8231
View
12
The
Barn
Melbury
The Stables
Woodside
Bow
ling
Gre
en
34
13
9
13
17
2
3
7
1
27
24
19
1
9
1
13
7
18
17
16
13
11
10
6
12
27
20
14
1559
9
1
2
4
45
46
44
42
28
34
33
40
32
35
Trenessa
North Hill
House
NORTH
HILL
Seasons
St Jay's
Lodge
Church
Hall
PH
Inst
57.1m
PO
PH
54.9m
BM 55.76m
60.9m
67.8m
The
Cot
tage
Westering
Crossw
ays
ROSELAND CR
Vidill
East Bridge
55.2m
55.9m
54.3m
Glenm
or
Umina
Track
BM 72.23m
70.2m
64.9m
Hall
59.0m
BM 60.86m
Toll
Cottage
PC
TCB
Car Park
PlayArea
Pavilion
Chacewater
Chapel
House
FB
Riverside
THE TERRACE
FORE STREET
THE SQ
UA
RE
1
5
BM 65.20m
Eckla Vue
Hetherlee
1
2
Brewery
Ct
FB
12
35
6
54
JAKE
'S LA
NE
Inst
Chacewater Junior
& Infant School
4
28
32
35
33
PostRecreation
Ground
3
1
Hod
ges
Cou
rt
FB
LOW
ER
MEAD
OW
4
1
Truran
Ho
5
Rose
vean
Meadow
Springs
Tresco
Pine
View
Bremar
Glenhaven
Kenwith
Chapel
Ct
12
Carn
Tagree
Robern
7
1
18
16
14
10
1
KERLEY
VALE
VALE
27
22
20
Greenbank
1
3H
ealth Centre
Regeana
20
22
31
26
25
23
28
The Thimble
The
Yard
1
Bowling
Green
BaddonCottage
Track
kenw
ith
NO
RTH
HILL
Tre-Bron
Chymen
eth
Try-Golva
Chy-an
-Brec
3
Brockenhurstkenhurst
5
Cheverney
6
17 to 28
Brookside
9 to 16
1 to 8
THE TERRACE
7
8
9
Tremarner
BM 64.83m
71.5m
Track
.3m
Astega
INGG
INGG
HA
M N
IP
SERG
EAN
TS
HILL
Kerley
Torre
Carn Lea
High
8652
9517
8421
8231
View
Melbury
7
19
1
9
1
13
7
Trenessa
NORTH
HILL
Seasons
St Jay's
Lodge
67.8m
The
Cot
tage
Westering
Crossw
aysC
rossways
ROSELAND CR
Vidill
54.3m
Glenm
or
Umina
Track
BM 72.23m
70.2m
64.9m
Hall
59.0m
BM 60.86m
Chacewater
THE TERRACE
BM 65.20m
Chacewater Junior
& Infant School
4
LOW
ER
MEAD
OW
4
1
5
Pine
View
Kenwith
7
18
16
14
10
1
KERLEY
VALE
VALE
27
22
20
Health C
entre
Regeana
20
22
31
26
25
23
28
This map is reproduced from Ordnance Survey material with the permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of the Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office © Crown copyright. Unauthorised reproduction infringes Crown copyright and may lead to prosecution or civil proceedings. (100023554) (2007).
Cornwall CouncilConservation Area Appraisals
Chacewater Conservation Area
Townscape Appraisal Map
(Not to scale)
Positive buildings
Focal buildings
Important trees and tree groups
Conservation area boundary
Significant open space
Important views
Listed buildings
Historic paving
CHACEWATER CONSERVATION AREA CHARACTER APPRAISAL
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Appendix 3
References
Carrick District Council – Carrick district wide local plan – 1998
Colin M Bristow – Cornwall’s geology and scenery – 2004
Chacewater: Report under the Cornwall and Scilly Industrial settlements Initiative (CISI) – 2002 (www.historic-cornwall.org.uk/cisi)
N Pevsner – The buildings of England: Cornwall – 1951 (Revised 1970)
Ed. EB Selwood, EM Durrance and CM Bristow – The geology of Cornwall – 2004
Willem van der Eyken – Chacewater: The story of a Cornish mining village – 2nd edition 2002
www.chacewater.net
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