chapter 10€¦ · chapter 10 10.8 locally listed ... appraisal, a number of sites or buildings...

Chapter 10

10.8 Locally listed buildings

There is no Local List for Chacewater (nor, indeed, for Cornwall Council generally) and the identification of buildings or structures for a Local List is considered to be an urgent priority, once the criteria have been agreed. Any Local List should be drawn up with the full consultation of the local community.

10.9 Enforcement

During the survey work for the Character Appraisal, a number of sites or buildings were identified where works have taken place that may not have been authorised and where enforcement action may be relevant. These are typically visible satellite dishes and modern windows or doors and they include alterations to listed buildings.

10.10 Highways and traffic management

Traffic management is the single largest concern to be expressed in the consultation responses. The volume of traffic on High Street/Fore Street, the congestion it causes and difficulty in crossing the road are the primary worries, but there is also the speed of vehicles when congestion eases and the effects of on street parking.

10.11 Archaeological potential

It is known that industrial finishing processes were undertaken in Chacewater during the 19th century, but there is little visible evidence of this history. However, there is likely to be evidence below

Former shop in High Street

Need for building repairs in High Street

Remains of former building east of the river

45

CHACEWATER CONSERVATION AREA CHARACTER APPRAISAL

Chacewater DTP.indd 45 10/12/2008 10:23:00

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ground and investigation of this archaeological potential would add to the understanding of Chacewater’s past. There are remains of old stone walls beside the footpath, and reputedly an old well, on the land to the east of the Carnon River between Eckla Vue & Meadow Side, possibly associated with the former brewery in this area.

Other areas that would reward further study are the system of leats running through the village and the economic and physical pattern of small-holdings that supported a working population.

10.12 Enhancement potential

There is a strong case for a comprehensive scheme of building repairs and public realm improvements along the High Street/Fore Street corridor and including The Square in order to address both building condition and traffic management.

The village car park would also benefit from enhancements beyond the planned resurfacing. As the significance of the World Heritage Site becomes more widely appreciated, the car park is likely to become a more important place of arrival. It is the logical place to provide interpretation facilities.

Elsewhere, all surviving examples of historic paving are vulnerable unless they are cherished and enhanced. Less obvious too are the historic boundary walls and leats that should be better understood and preserved.

10.13 Trees

Trees make an important contribution to the character of Chacewater. Many are reaching advanced stages of maturity while others are considered to be obstacles. A tree strategy that considered issues of amenity, practicality and, importantly, succession planning would reduce the need to take ad hoc decisions on a case-by-case basis.

10.14 Sustainable development

The use of wind turbines, solar heating panels, and double glazing were all considered to be important by residents, some of whom thought that planning controls should be relaxed to allow greater flexibility.

Chapter 10

Earlier metalled surface at Wheal Busy LaneNissan hut at the centre of the car parkt


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Chapter 10

Trees in St Paul’s Churchyard

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APPENDICES


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Historical development of Chacewater

Evidence of prehistoric activity near to Chacewater is limited to a possible cropmark of an enclosure identified at Little Chacewood, approximately 100 metres south of the parish church. The Cornwall and Scilly Sites and Monuments Record also records that Pound Cottage, on the western limit of the village, may mark the site of a medieval stock enclosure.

The place name evidence suggests that the surrounding area was unenclosed land during the medieval period and was probably maintained as a hunting preserve: hence the ‘chase’ in Chacewater. Much of the agricultural area surrounding Chacewater has been recorded in the Cornwall Landscape Assessment as post-mediaeval farmland.

Chacewater became the property of the Boscawen family in 1335 and it descended through the family of Viscount Falmouth as part of the Tregothnan Estate. The presence of a single large landowner in the area has had an impact on controlling the spread of development and on the exploitation of mineral deposits.

Post-Conquest

The origins of the settlement of Chacewater appear to lie between the production of a detailed map of Kerrier Hundred, produced in 1597, which does not record any evidence for a settlement in this location and the Joel Gascoyne’s map of Cornwall of 1699, which does show a hamlet north of the

main Truro-Redruth road. The settlement recorded in 1699 appears to be set-back from the road with small enclosures in the intervening space.

A tin mine, named the Great Works, was recorded in the vicinity of Chacewater in the 16th century and this later became known as Wheal Busy. By 1718, if not earlier, this had become one of Cornwall’s most significant mines. Copper was first produced there around 1724 and, in 1725, Joseph Hornblower installed some of the earliest Newcomen engines to be used in the mines. In 1768 the Great County Adit was driven into the Wheal Bury mine, which increased the efficiency of the mining process. In 1778 the first Boulton and Watt engine to be used in a Cornish mine was installed at Wheal Busy.

Although the Cornish mining industry suffered a temporary decline in the later 18th century, its fortunes recovered at the beginning of the 19th century due to increased demand resulting from the Napoleonic Wars and the depletion of copper deposits elsewhere.

Pre-19th century - early tinners’ smallholdingsThe Cornwall Industrial Settlements Initiative (CISI) report regarding Chacewater suggests that the earliest settlement avoided the valley floor, where tin streaming would have been practised. Instead it was located along the valley sides aligned on lanes, which led to the various mines outside the valley, as well as extending southwards along the valley and thus forming the alignment of the modern street of the Terrace and the Falmouth Road.

The settlement would have formed a loose grouping of ‘tinners’ smallholdings, with some larger farmsteads, reflecting the mixed economy practiced by the early tin miners. However, the first

edition of the Ordnance Survey in 1809 records that a village centre had been established by that date following the east-west alignment of the main road.

Early 19th century - development of a commercial/public centreDuring the 19th century Chacewater developed as an economic and civic centre for the farming and industrial communities. It was divided between the parishes of Kenwyn and Kea until 1837 when it had grown sufficiently to become a parish in its own right. A new church had been built to the south of the village in 1828. A Primitive Methodist Chapel was also opened in 1830 and a Wesleyan Methodist chapel was opened in 1832. The Bethel Methodist Chapel was added in 1842.

Industrial development within the village included the establishment of a brewery to the north of Fore Street in the area now named Brewery Court. The long terrace of cottages on Station Road may have been built to provide brewery workers’ homes. The tithe award for Kenwyn parish, produced in 1841, records Pitsleweren Stamps and Lobbs Stamps, which are believed to have been stamping mills, used for crushing ore, whilst fields named Upper Stamps and Lower Stamps were located between The Terrace and High Street. It is also recorded that Chacewater contained as many as 13 public houses by 1830.

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The Kenwyn Parish Tithe map of 1841 shows both the areas of more scattered housing along the Terrace, North Hill, High Street and Falmouth Road, as well as the planned development of terraced buildings along Fore Street, the Square and Station Road. Buildings in the Square appear to have included the King’s Head and a structure on the north side of The Square with a distinctive ‘U’ shaped plan, which may be preserved in the plans of Nos. 37-40 Fore Street.

The tithe map for Kea parish of 1843 shows significantly less development on the east side of the river crossing, suggesting that the river served as the boundary of the planned development.

Later 19th century – mining decline/economic redirectionThe Village School was built in 1847 between the parish church and the village, whilst the mainline railway station was opened in 1852 just over half a mile to the north of the village. However, the 1850s saw the beginning of a long term decline for the mining industries that had hitherto driven the economic prosperity of the area. Wheal Busy mine was closed in 1873 and the population of Chacewater fell from 3558 to 2053 in the ten years to 1891.

Comparison of trade directories reveals that the mixture of businesses in Chacewater had moved from craftsmen supplying the mines towards more domestic shop keeping supplying the local village and farming populations. The CISI report for Chacewater also suggests that the character of the area changed through the increasing presence

of market gardens and fruit growing in the area, stimulated by the presence of the railway line and improved access to urban markets.

The Ordnance Survey edition of 1880 records that Chacewater had reached the limits of development that would confine it for the following seventy years. The development of terraced buildings had extended to the east of the River Carnon, including Nos.1-9 and 13-16 Chacewater Hill. Further development to the west of the town included The Crown Inn and an adjacent Post Office on the High Street. A Masonic hall is also recorded to the rear of the Britannia Inn at this time.

In 1892, the parish church was completely re-modelled, albeit to accommodate a reduced congregation. In the following year, the Passmore Edwards Literary Institute was opened. This was the second of four institutes in Cornwall donated by the philanthropist, John Passmore Edwards, who was born nearby at Blackwater. That it was possible to demolish the pre-existing buildings to construct the new institute may reflect the low demand for property in the centre of Chacewater at this time.

Early 20th century – mining revival The apparent trend away from industrial production was reversed with the reopening of the Wheal Busy mine in 1907 and the Killifreth mine in 1911. Both mines operated largely for arsenic production until the 1940s when they were finally closed down and the machinery scrapped.

However, despite this period of revival it appears that Chacewater continued to function primarily as a commercial centre for agriculture. It provided an important horse and cattle market in the early to mid 20th century. The brewery also continued as an important local employer until the mid-20th century. In 1925 Lord Falmouth donated the recreation ground for the use of the villagers, but there was very little development.

Later 20th century – end of mining/residential expansionAfter the closure of the mines and with the increasing use of motorcars from 1946, the village began to function as a dormitory settlement for Truro. The railway station was closed in 1964 ‘sealing Chacewater’s fate as an economic backwater’. (CISI report - 2002)

Development in the later 20th century has included a significant proportion of residential infill, between Fore Street/High Street and The Terrace as well as the former Brewery Site and along Falmouth Road. Expansion of the village to the east and south east included the construction of housing estates with a mixture of bungalows and two storey houses to the north of Kerley Hill in the 1950s. A second phase of expansion to the south of Kerley Hill took place in the late 1990s/early 2000s.

Despite conversion of many of the former commercial properties on Fore Street to residential use, many have retained distinctive shopfronts, which has preserved the character of the settlement as an historic commercial centre.

Appendix 1


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Appendix 1

1841 Tithe Map

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Appendix 1


52

1880 Ordnance Survey First Edition


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Appendix 153


1906 Ordnance Survey


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Appendix 2

Maps

Map 1 Character areasMap 2 Townscape appraisal map


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55


Track

Hillside

kenw

ith

NO

RTH

HILL

Tre-Bron

Chymen

eth

Try-Golva

Chy-an

-Brec

3

Brockenhurst

5

Cheverney

6

17 to 28

Brookside

9 to 16

1 to 8

Willows

THE TERRACE

7

8

9

12

La Caprice

12a

Rose

Cottages

74.6m

Stone GP

69.4m

67.1m

The Great Walled

Garden

65.5m

Tremarner

64.2m

BM 64.83m

71.5m

89

6

HIGH STREET

10

PH

13

14

20

20

22

MS

1959.4m

1a

1b

5

21

Woodside

Cottages

Recreation

Ground

Pavilion

Track

78.3m

Path

(um

)

BM 88.81m

93.0m

Anzac

Cottages

99.7m

BM 104.46m

Meadowmist

108.2m

105.9m

Track

7

A 390

Track

1

FALMOUTH ROAD

Astega

Sundown

Cottage

Trewin

Chybean

The

Cedar Wood

BUCK

ING

HA

M N

IP

SERG

EAN

TS H

ILL

Kerley

Torre

Carn Lea

High

April

7172

7361

6359

6751

7753

8652

5314

5406

5600 6100 6600 7100 9600

9506

9912

9517

8311

8421

7918

8231

5928

5950

1 to 3

Greensleeves

Bostrase

Am

berley

Cottage

Menhegy

House

View

12

The

Barn

Cottage

Lantern

Melbury

1

2

Doon Brae

The Stables

Creegbrawse Cottage

Woodside

Bow

ling

Gre

en

34

13

9

13

17

2

3

7

1

27

24

19

1

9

1

13

7

18

17

16

13

11

10

6

12

27

2014

1559

2412

0307

0104

2009

2700

9

1

2

4

45

46

44

42

28

34

33

40

32

35

Trenessa

North Hill

House

Estrella

NORTH

HILL

Seasons

St Jay's

Lodge

Church

Hall

PH

Inst

57.1m

PO

PH

54.9m

BM 55.76m

60.9m

67.8m

The

Cot

tage

Westering

Crossw

ays

ROSELAND CR

Vidill

East Bridge

55.2m

55.9m

50.8m

BM 52.98m

Lower

Chancewood

BM 82.02m

War Meml

St Paul's Church

Path

54.3m

Glenm

or

Umina

86.5m

91.3m

80.4m

Trelawne

Track

BM 72.23m

70.2m

64.9m

Hall

59.0m

BM 60.86m

Toll

Cottage

PC

TCB

Car Park

PlayArea

Trewlawne

Cottage

CH

URC

HH

ILL

Pavilion

Chacewater

Chapel

House

FB

Riverside

THE TERRACE

FORE STREET

THE SQ

UA

RE

1

5

BM 65.20m

Eckla Vue

Hetherlee

1

2

Brewery

Ct

FB

12

35

6

54

JAKE

'S LA

NE

Inst

Chacewater Junior

& Infant School

Vicarage

Lych Gate

4

28

32

35

33

Post

Recreation

Ground

3

1

Hod

ges

Cou

rt

FB

Lower

Chacewood

Cottage

LOW

ER

MEAD

OW

4

1

Truran

Ho

5

Rose

vean

Meadow

Springs

Tresco

Pine

View

Bremar

Glenhaven

Kenwith

Chapel

Ct

12

Carn

Tagree

Robern

7

1

19

18

16

14

10

1

4

KERLEY

KERLEY

VALE

VALE

27

22

20

Greenbank

1

3

Health C

entre

Regeana

20

22

31

26

25

23

27

28

The Thimble

The

Yard

1

Bowling

Green

BaddonCottage

3

4

1

2Cornwall Council

Chacewater Conservation Area

Character Area Map

(Not to scale)

1 - High Street / Fore Street

2 - South side

3 - The east end

4 - Riverside

This map is reproduced from Ordnance Survey material with the permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of the Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office © Crown copyright. Unauthorised reproduction infringes Crown copyright and may lead to prosecution or civil proceedings. (100023554) (2007).


March 2010

Track

kenw

ith

NO

RTH

HILL

Tre-Bron

Chymen

eth

Try-Golva

Chy-an

-Brec

3

Brockenhurst

5

Cheverney

6

17 to 28

Brookside

9 to 16

1 to 8

THE TERRACE

7

8

9

Tremarner

64.2m

BM 64.83m

71.5m

89

6

HIGH STREET

10

PH

13

14

20

20

22

MS

1959.4m

1a

1b

5

21

Woodside

Cottages

Recreation

Ground

Pavilion

Track

.3m

7

A 390

1

FALMOUTH ROAD

Astega

ING

HA

M N

IP

SERG

EAN

TS

HILL

Kerley

Torre

Carn Lea

High

8652

9517

8421

8231

View

12

The

Barn

Melbury

The Stables

Woodside

Bow

ling

Gre

en

34

13

9

13

17

2

3

7

1

27

24

19

1

9

1

13

7

18

17

16

13

11

10

6

12

27

20

14

1559

9

1

2

4

45

46

44

42

28

34

33

40

32

35

Trenessa

North Hill

House

NORTH

HILL

Seasons

St Jay's

Lodge

Church

Hall

PH

Inst

57.1m

PO

PH

54.9m

BM 55.76m

60.9m

67.8m

The

Cot

tage

Westering

Crossw

ays

ROSELAND CR

Vidill

East Bridge

55.2m

55.9m

54.3m

Glenm

or

Umina

Track

BM 72.23m

70.2m

64.9m

Hall

59.0m

BM 60.86m

Toll

Cottage

PC

TCB

Car Park

PlayArea

Pavilion

Chacewater

Chapel

House

FB

Riverside

THE TERRACE

FORE STREET

THE SQ

UA

RE

1

5

BM 65.20m

Eckla Vue

Hetherlee

1

2

Brewery

Ct

FB

12

35

6

54

JAKE

'S LA

NE

Inst

Chacewater Junior

& Infant School

4

28

32

35

33

PostRecreation

Ground

3

1

Hod

ges

Cou

rt

FB

LOW

ER

MEAD

OW

4

1

Truran

Ho

5

Rose

vean

Meadow

Springs

Tresco

Pine

View

Bremar

Glenhaven

Kenwith

Chapel

Ct

12

Carn

Tagree

Robern

7

1

18

16

14

10

1

KERLEY

VALE

VALE

27

22

20

Greenbank

1

3H

ealth Centre

Regeana

20

22

31

26

25

23

28

The Thimble

The

Yard

1

Bowling

Green

BaddonCottage

Track

kenw

ith

NO

RTH

HILL

Tre-Bron

Chymen

eth

Try-Golva

Chy-an

-Brec

3

Brockenhurstkenhurst

5

Cheverney

6

17 to 28

Brookside

9 to 16

1 to 8

THE TERRACE

7

8

9

Tremarner

BM 64.83m

71.5m

Track

.3m

Astega

INGG

INGG

HA

M N

IP

SERG

EAN

TS

HILL

Kerley

Torre

Carn Lea

High

8652

9517

8421

8231

View

Melbury

7

19

1

9

1

13

7

Trenessa

NORTH

HILL

Seasons

St Jay's

Lodge

67.8m

The

Cot

tage

Westering

Crossw

aysC

rossways

ROSELAND CR

Vidill

54.3m

Glenm

or

Umina

Track

BM 72.23m

70.2m

64.9m

Hall

59.0m

BM 60.86m

Chacewater

THE TERRACE

BM 65.20m

Chacewater Junior

& Infant School

4

LOW

ER

MEAD

OW

4

1

5

Pine

View

Kenwith

7

18

16

14

10

1

KERLEY

VALE

VALE

27

22

20

Health C

entre

Regeana

20

22

31

26

25

23

28

This map is reproduced from Ordnance Survey material with the permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of the Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office © Crown copyright. Unauthorised reproduction infringes Crown copyright and may lead to prosecution or civil proceedings. (100023554) (2007).

Cornwall CouncilConservation Area Appraisals

Chacewater Conservation Area

Townscape Appraisal Map

(Not to scale)

Positive buildings

Focal buildings

Important trees and tree groups

Conservation area boundary

Significant open space

Important views

Listed buildings

Historic paving


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Appendix 3

References

Carrick District Council – Carrick district wide local plan – 1998

Colin M Bristow – Cornwall’s geology and scenery – 2004

Chacewater: Report under the Cornwall and Scilly Industrial settlements Initiative (CISI) – 2002 (www.historic-cornwall.org.uk/cisi)

N Pevsner – The buildings of England: Cornwall – 1951 (Revised 1970)

Ed. EB Selwood, EM Durrance and CM Bristow – The geology of Cornwall – 2004

Willem van der Eyken – Chacewater: The story of a Cornish mining village – 2nd edition 2002

www.chacewater.net

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chapter 10€¦ · chapter 10 10.8 locally listed ... appraisal, a number of sites or buildings...

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