Chapter 1 OutlineChapter 1 Outline

Chemistry Matter and ChangeChemistry Matter and Change

Introduction to Chemistry Introduction to Chemistry

I. Branches of ChemistryI. Branches of Chemistry

Chemistry -the study of matter and Chemistry -the study of matter and the changes it undergoes (particularly the changes it undergoes (particularly interested in energy changes)interested in energy changes)

Organic Chemistry - the study of Organic Chemistry - the study of carbon containing compounds (once carbon containing compounds (once thought to be just the study of thought to be just the study of compounds having a living source) - compounds having a living source) - now contains synthetic compounds now contains synthetic compounds like plastics like plastics

Inorganic Inorganic Chemistry- may Chemistry- may contain some short contain some short carbon chained carbon chained molecules but molecules but basically does not basically does not contain carboncontain carbon

Physical chemistry- Physical chemistry- covers the topics of covers the topics of thermodynamics thermodynamics and kinetics as well and kinetics as well as other topicsas other topics

Analytical Analytical Chemistry - deals Chemistry - deals with the with the components and components and composition of composition of substancessubstances

Biochemistry - Biochemistry - matter and matter and processes of living processes of living organisms organisms (proteins, fats, (proteins, fats, lipids, enzymes…)lipids, enzymes…)

D = mass/volumeD = mass/volume

II. Properties of MatterII. Properties of Matter Mass - has the Mass - has the

property of inertiaproperty of inertia

a) Inertia - the a) Inertia - the resistance to resistance to change of motionchange of motion

b) Weight - is the b) Weight - is the measurement of measurement of force of gravity force of gravity between two objectsbetween two objects

Density - another Density - another property of matter property of matter how much matter is how much matter is in a specific volumein a specific volume

Energy - property of Energy - property of all matter that all matter that under the right under the right conditions can do conditions can do workwork

a) potential - energy a) potential - energy of positionof position

b) kinetic - energy of b) kinetic - energy of motionmotion

question - evaluate question - evaluate the picture to the the picture to the right in terms of right in terms of kinetic and kinetic and potential energiespotential energies

III. Scientific MethodIII. Scientific Method

Science - is the Science - is the search for search for knowledgeknowledge

a) pure science - a) pure science - gain knowledge for gain knowledge for the sake of the sake of knowledge itselfknowledge itself

b) applied science - b) applied science - knowledge to solve knowledge to solve a specific problema specific problem

A systematic approachA systematic approach OObserve - bserve -

environment around environment around you and ask a you and ask a questionquestion

CCollect data - may ollect data - may take notes then take notes then form aform a

HHypothesis - an ypothesis - an initial educated initial educated guess why guess why phenomena occursphenomena occurs

EExperiment - to xperiment - to prove of disprove prove of disprove hypothesishypothesis

AAnalyze - evaluate the data nalyze - evaluate the data collectedcollected

TTheorize - after many experiments heorize - after many experiments conclude that a cause an effect are conclude that a cause an effect are likely - may be modified by new likely - may be modified by new datadata

Scientific lawScientific law - after years of - after years of experiments no know exceptions experiments no know exceptions to the theory occur to the theory occur

IV. Designing a Good IV. Designing a Good ExperimentExperiment

An experiment is a carefully controlled An experiment is a carefully controlled procedure that tests a hypothesis/ A procedure that tests a hypothesis/ A good experiment hasgood experiment has

a) an independent variable - one thing a) an independent variable - one thing that is changed ..and is studied for its that is changed ..and is studied for its effect oneffect on

b) the dependent variable - the factor b) the dependent variable - the factor that results of the independent variable that results of the independent variable -- is measured in the experiment-- is measured in the experiment

c) a control - a standard of c) a control - a standard of comparison for all the comparison for all the experimental entriesexperimental entries

d) constants - factors that are kept d) constants - factors that are kept the same through the experiment ( the same through the experiment ( everything that is possible to keep everything that is possible to keep constant except for the constant except for the independent variable should be independent variable should be kept the same)kept the same)

Constructive ResponseConstructive Response

Three friends argue over which brand of Three friends argue over which brand of microwave popcorn is best. Billy says that microwave popcorn is best. Billy says that Big Pop is the tastier, Joe claims that Jiffy Big Pop is the tastier, Joe claims that Jiffy Pop is the best, while Sue insists that Red Pop is the best, while Sue insists that Red Devil is great!Devil is great!

Design an experiment that will settle the Design an experiment that will settle the dispute. Be sure to include a description of dispute. Be sure to include a description of the experiment using the terms control, the experiment using the terms control, constant, independent and dependent constant, independent and dependent variable.variable.