Download - CH. 5 Skeletal System. Know the functions of the skeletal system 206 bones with 2 divisions
CH. 5
Skeletal System
Skeletal System
Know the functions of the skeletal system
206 bones with 2 divisions
4 Bone types
Long Bone- longer than they are wide. They have a shaft with heads at both ends. Usually compact bone. Bones of the arms and legs are examples
Short Bone-cube shaped spongy bones. Examples are wrist, ankle and kneecap. The patella is a sesamoid bone that forms within tendons.
Flat Bones- thin, flat and usually curved. Examples are skull, ribs and sternum
Irregular bones- do not fit above categories. Examples are vertebrae and hip.
Bone Structure
Review major parts of the long bone
Anatomy of a bone color page
Label the 6 tissues of bone
A little different perspective on the bone. Fill in from left to right, give function.
Cartilage(end of bone) cushions and shapesSpongy bone- lightweight, stores calciumMarrow- produces blood cells & plateletsPeriosteum- covers bone, has nerves and blood
vessels, connects with tendons and ligaments, form bone tissue
Solid bone- hard bone, supports, stores mineralsLigament- holds bones together.
Activity
Take the 3 sheets with the parts of the long bone. Follow instructions and make a model of the bone.
Microscopic Structures:
Go over notes on microscopic structure
Bone Matrix Coloring
Bone Markings
Projections can help form joints or be sites of muscle or ligament attachment. Tuberosity: large rounded projection Crest: narrow ridge of bone Trochanter: very large, blunt, irregularly shaped
process found only on the femur. Process: any bony prominance
Bone Markings
Depressions and openings allow blood vessels and nerves to pass through the bone Sinus-cavity within a bone Fossa- shallow, basinlike depression in a bone Groove- furrow Fissure- narrow opening Foramen- round or oval opening through a bone
Synovial Joints
Plane joint- flat surfaces, only short slipping or gliding movement occurs. Wrist
Hinge joint- movement allowed in one plane. Knee or elbow
Pivot- turns around long axis. Top of the neck (atlas & axis).
Saddle- biaxial joints (thumb)Ball and socket- multiaxial, most freely
moving joints, shoulder and hip
Conditions of the Skeletal System
Dislocation- bone is forced out of its normal position in the joint cavity. Fixed by reduction-should be performed by a physician.
Bursitis- joint pain and inflammation can be caused by this, commonly called “water on the knee”
Sprain- ligaments are damaged by excessive stretching or they are torn away from the bone.
Arthritis- inflammatory or degenerative diseases that damage the joints, there are 100s of forms of arthritis
Types of Arthritis
Osteoarthritis (OA)= most common form of arthritis. Degenerative condition that normally affects older people. Slow progressing and rarely crippling.
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)= autoimmune disorder. Body attempts to destroy its own tissue. Tends to be symmetrical. If one elbow is affected the other probably will be too. More common in females.
Gouty arthritis (Gout)= uric acid accumulates in the blood and is depositied as needle-shaped crystals in the soft tissue of joints. More common in males
Osteoporosis
Bone thinning disease. Afflicts ½ the women over age 65 and 20% of men over 70.
Makes bones brittle to the point where they can break with a hug or sneeze.
Spine, neck and femur are especially effected.Estrogen helps maintain health and normal bone
density so after menopause women are more likely to have this.
Can be caused by diet poor in calcium, protein and vitamin D. Smoking increases risk. Exercise actually helps prevent it.
Review
Pages 157-158Work with your partner on answering these
questions.We will have a test review with actual test
questions on Thursday!