CH. 5

Skeletal System

Skeletal System

Know the functions of the skeletal system

206 bones with 2 divisions

4 Bone types

Long Bone- longer than they are wide. They have a shaft with heads at both ends. Usually compact bone. Bones of the arms and legs are examples

Short Bone-cube shaped spongy bones. Examples are wrist, ankle and kneecap. The patella is a sesamoid bone that forms within tendons.

Flat Bones- thin, flat and usually curved. Examples are skull, ribs and sternum

Irregular bones- do not fit above categories. Examples are vertebrae and hip.

Bone Structure

Review major parts of the long bone

Anatomy of a bone color page

Label the 6 tissues of bone

A little different perspective on the bone. Fill in from left to right, give function.

Cartilage(end of bone) cushions and shapesSpongy bone- lightweight, stores calciumMarrow- produces blood cells & plateletsPeriosteum- covers bone, has nerves and blood

vessels, connects with tendons and ligaments, form bone tissue

Solid bone- hard bone, supports, stores mineralsLigament- holds bones together.

Activity

Take the 3 sheets with the parts of the long bone. Follow instructions and make a model of the bone.

Microscopic Structures:

Go over notes on microscopic structure

Bone Matrix Coloring

Bone Markings

Projections can help form joints or be sites of muscle or ligament attachment. Tuberosity: large rounded projection Crest: narrow ridge of bone Trochanter: very large, blunt, irregularly shaped

process found only on the femur. Process: any bony prominance

Bone Markings

Depressions and openings allow blood vessels and nerves to pass through the bone Sinus-cavity within a bone Fossa- shallow, basinlike depression in a bone Groove- furrow Fissure- narrow opening Foramen- round or oval opening through a bone

Synovial Joints

Plane joint- flat surfaces, only short slipping or gliding movement occurs. Wrist

Hinge joint- movement allowed in one plane. Knee or elbow

Pivot- turns around long axis. Top of the neck (atlas & axis).

Saddle- biaxial joints (thumb)Ball and socket- multiaxial, most freely

moving joints, shoulder and hip

Conditions of the Skeletal System

Dislocation- bone is forced out of its normal position in the joint cavity. Fixed by reduction-should be performed by a physician.

Bursitis- joint pain and inflammation can be caused by this, commonly called “water on the knee”

Sprain- ligaments are damaged by excessive stretching or they are torn away from the bone.

Arthritis- inflammatory or degenerative diseases that damage the joints, there are 100s of forms of arthritis

Types of Arthritis

Osteoarthritis (OA)= most common form of arthritis. Degenerative condition that normally affects older people. Slow progressing and rarely crippling.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)= autoimmune disorder. Body attempts to destroy its own tissue. Tends to be symmetrical. If one elbow is affected the other probably will be too. More common in females.

Gouty arthritis (Gout)= uric acid accumulates in the blood and is depositied as needle-shaped crystals in the soft tissue of joints. More common in males

Osteoporosis

Bone thinning disease. Afflicts ½ the women over age 65 and 20% of men over 70.

Makes bones brittle to the point where they can break with a hug or sneeze.

Spine, neck and femur are especially effected.Estrogen helps maintain health and normal bone

density so after menopause women are more likely to have this.

Can be caused by diet poor in calcium, protein and vitamin D. Smoking increases risk. Exercise actually helps prevent it.

Review

Pages 157-158Work with your partner on answering these

questions.We will have a test review with actual test

questions on Thursday!