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7.4 Homeostasis and Cells
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CellsCells have the same basic composition, and the same
kinds of organelles, but not all living things are the same
Cells are ___________________ and associate with other cells in special ways
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Unicellular Organisms_________________ –
relatively constant internal physical and chemical conditions
Single-celled organisms are living too.
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Types of Unicellular Organisms__________________
Protozoa (picture on previous slide)Algae – have chloroplasts, found in waterYeast (a unicellular fungi) – break down nutrients
_________________Bacteria – highly adaptive and can live almost
anywhereBoth prokaryotes and eukaryotes, though
unicellular, ______ __________ _______ _____________ ________________.
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Multi-cellular OrganismsCells have a certain job in the body and are specialized for
their taskAnalogy: cells work together like members of a baseball
team-are interdependentMembers of a baseball team have different jobs – coach,
catcher, pitcher, fielders, trainersNeed to communicate effectively So do cells!The cells of multicellular organisms become specialized for particular tasks and communicate with one another to maintain homeostasis.
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Some specialized cells, pg 215 Fig 7-22 Human trachea epithelial cells -
Fig 7-23 Pollen grains from pine tree
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Levels of Organization The specialized cells of multicellular organisms are
organized into tissues, then into organs, and finally into organ systems.
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Levels of Organization A ______________ is a group of similar cells that
performs a particular function.
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Levels of Organization To perform complicated tasks, many groups of tissues
work together as an _____________.
Each type of tissue performs an essential task to help the organ function.
In most cases, an organ completes a series of specialized tasks.
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A group of organs that work together to perform a specific function is called an ________________.
For example, the stomach, pancreas, and intestines work together as the digestive system.
Levels of Organization
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Levels of Organization The organization of the body’s cells into tissues,
organs, and organ systems creates a division of labor among those cells that allows the organism to maintain homeostasis.
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Levels of Organization: review
Cells make…Tissues, which make…Organs, which make…Organ systems,
which make…Organisms
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Cellular CommunicationCells are specialized, but
interdependent
Cells MUST ________________ ___________________
Some cells form a connection to another cell, called cellular junctions
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Signals pass through junctions, but only if they have the right _____________ (like a receiver) = specific protein that has specific shape that molds to a specific molecular messengerEx: junctions in the heart – electrical signals pass
through junctions to make heart contract and pump blood
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In your Notes, answer these:1. What is homeostasis?
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2. What do unicellular organisms do to maintain homeostasis?
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3. What is cellular specialization? Cellular specialization describes how, in
multicellular organisms, groups of cells play different, specific roles.
Ex: Cilia on trachea cells
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4. What are 2 things that help cells communicate and maintain homeostasis?