cells types of cells prokaryotes no organelles bacteria cells eukaryotes organelles animal cells...
DESCRIPTION
Types of Cells prokaryotes no organelles bacteria cells eukaryotes organelles animal cells plant cells also fungus & protist cellsTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Cells Types of Cells prokaryotes no organelles bacteria cells eukaryotes organelles animal cells plant cells also fungus & protist cells](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1af47f8b9ab05998063c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Cells
![Page 2: Cells Types of Cells prokaryotes no organelles bacteria cells eukaryotes organelles animal cells plant cells also fungus & protist cells](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1af47f8b9ab05998063c/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Types of Cellsprokaryotes
no organellesbacteria cells
eukaryotesorganelles
animal cells
plant cells
also fungus & protist cells
![Page 3: Cells Types of Cells prokaryotes no organelles bacteria cells eukaryotes organelles animal cells plant cells also fungus & protist cells](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1af47f8b9ab05998063c/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Cell size comparison
• Most bacteria• 1-10 microns
• Eukaryotic cells• 10-100 microns
Bacterial cellAnimal cell
micron = micrometer = 1/1,000,000 meterdiameter of human hair = ~20 microns
![Page 4: Cells Types of Cells prokaryotes no organelles bacteria cells eukaryotes organelles animal cells plant cells also fungus & protist cells](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1af47f8b9ab05998063c/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Why study cells?
• Cells• Bodies are made of cells• Cells do all the work for life
Tissues Organs Bodies
![Page 5: Cells Types of Cells prokaryotes no organelles bacteria cells eukaryotes organelles animal cells plant cells also fungus & protist cells](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1af47f8b9ab05998063c/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
The work for life• STERNGRR
• Synthesis: build molecules (carbs, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids)• Transport: move materials in/out & within the cell• Excretion: remove wastes• Respiration: gas exchange; make energy • Nutrition: take in & digest food• Grow & repair• Regulation: control internal conditions (homeostasis)• Reproduction: make more cells• Respond to external environment
ATP
![Page 6: Cells Types of Cells prokaryotes no organelles bacteria cells eukaryotes organelles animal cells plant cells also fungus & protist cells](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1af47f8b9ab05998063c/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
The main jobs of cells• Cells have 3 main jobs:
• Make energy• Need energy for all activities• Need to clean up waste produced by energy production
• Make proteins• Proteins do all the work in the cell, so we need lots of them
• Make more cells• For growth• For repair (replace damaged or diseased cells)
ATP
Our organelles doAll of these jobs?!
AWESOME!!
![Page 7: Cells Types of Cells prokaryotes no organelles bacteria cells eukaryotes organelles animal cells plant cells also fungus & protist cells](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1af47f8b9ab05998063c/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Parts of the Cell Theory
• All living things are made of one or more cells
• Cells are the basic unit of structure & function in organisms
• Cells come only from the reproduction of pre-existing cells
![Page 8: Cells Types of Cells prokaryotes no organelles bacteria cells eukaryotes organelles animal cells plant cells also fungus & protist cells](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1af47f8b9ab05998063c/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Cell Scientists
• Robert Hooke• looked at cork
under a microscope
• 1st to use term “cell”
![Page 9: Cells Types of Cells prokaryotes no organelles bacteria cells eukaryotes organelles animal cells plant cells also fungus & protist cells](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1af47f8b9ab05998063c/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Cell Scientists
• Anton van Leeuwenhoek
• looked at pond water
• 1st to see living cells
• called them “animalcules”
![Page 10: Cells Types of Cells prokaryotes no organelles bacteria cells eukaryotes organelles animal cells plant cells also fungus & protist cells](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1af47f8b9ab05998063c/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Cell Scientists
• Schleiden, Schwann, & Virchow
• came up with the cell theory
![Page 11: Cells Types of Cells prokaryotes no organelles bacteria cells eukaryotes organelles animal cells plant cells also fungus & protist cells](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1af47f8b9ab05998063c/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Cell Scientists
• Schleiden• 1838• claimed plants
are made of “independent, separate beings” called cells
![Page 12: Cells Types of Cells prokaryotes no organelles bacteria cells eukaryotes organelles animal cells plant cells also fungus & protist cells](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1af47f8b9ab05998063c/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Cell Scientists
• Schwann• 1839• claimed animals
are also made of cells
![Page 13: Cells Types of Cells prokaryotes no organelles bacteria cells eukaryotes organelles animal cells plant cells also fungus & protist cells](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1af47f8b9ab05998063c/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Cell Scientists
• Virchow• 1855• stated that living
cells must come from other living cells
![Page 14: Cells Types of Cells prokaryotes no organelles bacteria cells eukaryotes organelles animal cells plant cells also fungus & protist cells](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1af47f8b9ab05998063c/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Cell Scientists
• Louis Pasteur• 1860’s• disproved
spontaneous generation
![Page 15: Cells Types of Cells prokaryotes no organelles bacteria cells eukaryotes organelles animal cells plant cells also fungus & protist cells](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1af47f8b9ab05998063c/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
The Cell Theory
![Page 16: Cells Types of Cells prokaryotes no organelles bacteria cells eukaryotes organelles animal cells plant cells also fungus & protist cells](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1af47f8b9ab05998063c/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Cells
![Page 17: Cells Types of Cells prokaryotes no organelles bacteria cells eukaryotes organelles animal cells plant cells also fungus & protist cells](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1af47f8b9ab05998063c/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Prokaryotic Cells• Appeared 3.5 billion years ago• Primitive, simple• Small in size (less than 10 µm)• No membrane-bound organelles• DNA in cytosol (nucleoid region)• Single, circular chromosome• “Naked” DNA• Smaller ribosomes (70S)• BACTERIA
![Page 18: Cells Types of Cells prokaryotes no organelles bacteria cells eukaryotes organelles animal cells plant cells also fungus & protist cells](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1af47f8b9ab05998063c/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Eukaryotic Cells• Appeared 1.5 billion years ago• Complex• More than 10 µm in size• Contain membrane- bound organelles• Larger ribosomes (80S)• Paired, linear chromosomes• DNA wrapped around histones
(proteins)• NUCLEUS
![Page 19: Cells Types of Cells prokaryotes no organelles bacteria cells eukaryotes organelles animal cells plant cells also fungus & protist cells](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1af47f8b9ab05998063c/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
• Let’s draw a prokaryotic cell and label it ….
![Page 20: Cells Types of Cells prokaryotes no organelles bacteria cells eukaryotes organelles animal cells plant cells also fungus & protist cells](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1af47f8b9ab05998063c/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Prokaryotic reproduction
• Asexual = binary fission• Produces two
identical daughter cells
DNA Copies
Cytokinesis
Clones!
![Page 21: Cells Types of Cells prokaryotes no organelles bacteria cells eukaryotes organelles animal cells plant cells also fungus & protist cells](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1af47f8b9ab05998063c/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Prokaryotic reproduction
• Sexual = conjugation• Uses conjugation
pili to exchange plasmids
![Page 22: Cells Types of Cells prokaryotes no organelles bacteria cells eukaryotes organelles animal cells plant cells also fungus & protist cells](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1af47f8b9ab05998063c/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Parts of aEukaryotic Cell
![Page 23: Cells Types of Cells prokaryotes no organelles bacteria cells eukaryotes organelles animal cells plant cells also fungus & protist cells](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1af47f8b9ab05998063c/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Plasma Membrane• Also called the
Cell Membrane• Separates
cell from its environment
![Page 24: Cells Types of Cells prokaryotes no organelles bacteria cells eukaryotes organelles animal cells plant cells also fungus & protist cells](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1af47f8b9ab05998063c/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Plasma Membrane• Semi-
permeable• Allows only
certain molecules to enter or exit
![Page 25: Cells Types of Cells prokaryotes no organelles bacteria cells eukaryotes organelles animal cells plant cells also fungus & protist cells](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1af47f8b9ab05998063c/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Plasma Membrane• Phospholipid
Bilayer• Embedded with
proteins
• Cholesterol is embedded in bilayer to help membrane fluidity
![Page 26: Cells Types of Cells prokaryotes no organelles bacteria cells eukaryotes organelles animal cells plant cells also fungus & protist cells](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1af47f8b9ab05998063c/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Nucleus• “Boss” or
“Brain” of the cell
• Controls cellular activities
• Contains DNA (chromosomes)
![Page 27: Cells Types of Cells prokaryotes no organelles bacteria cells eukaryotes organelles animal cells plant cells also fungus & protist cells](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1af47f8b9ab05998063c/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Nucleus• Nuclear
Membrane• Surrounds nucleus• Double membrane• Contains nuclear
pores (holes)
![Page 28: Cells Types of Cells prokaryotes no organelles bacteria cells eukaryotes organelles animal cells plant cells also fungus & protist cells](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1af47f8b9ab05998063c/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Nucleus• Nucleolus
• Produces ribosomes
• Ribosomes leave through nuclear pores
![Page 29: Cells Types of Cells prokaryotes no organelles bacteria cells eukaryotes organelles animal cells plant cells also fungus & protist cells](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1af47f8b9ab05998063c/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Cytoplasm• Cytosol
• Fluid portion• Organelles
• Membrane-bound compartments that carry out specific functions
![Page 30: Cells Types of Cells prokaryotes no organelles bacteria cells eukaryotes organelles animal cells plant cells also fungus & protist cells](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1af47f8b9ab05998063c/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Mitochondria• Breaks down glucose
to CREATE ENERGY (ATP)• Active cells (muscle) ->
hundreds of mitochondria• Inactive cells (fat) -> few
mitochondria
• Have own DNA & ribosomes
• Have a double membrane
![Page 31: Cells Types of Cells prokaryotes no organelles bacteria cells eukaryotes organelles animal cells plant cells also fungus & protist cells](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1af47f8b9ab05998063c/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Ribosomes• Create proteins• Composed of 2
interlocking subunits
• Some float free in cytosol
• Some attach to the ERsmall
subunit
large subunit
ribosome
![Page 32: Cells Types of Cells prokaryotes no organelles bacteria cells eukaryotes organelles animal cells plant cells also fungus & protist cells](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1af47f8b9ab05998063c/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
• Intracellular highway
• 2 Types• Rough ER• Smooth ER
![Page 33: Cells Types of Cells prokaryotes no organelles bacteria cells eukaryotes organelles animal cells plant cells also fungus & protist cells](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1af47f8b9ab05998063c/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
• Rough ER• Covered in
ribosomes• Transport and
develop proteins• may be used in
membranes, enzymes, and cell communication
![Page 34: Cells Types of Cells prokaryotes no organelles bacteria cells eukaryotes organelles animal cells plant cells also fungus & protist cells](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1af47f8b9ab05998063c/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
cytoplasm
cisternalspace
mRNA
ribosome
membrane ofendoplasmic reticulum
polypeptide
signalsequence
ribosome
Synthesizing proteins
![Page 35: Cells Types of Cells prokaryotes no organelles bacteria cells eukaryotes organelles animal cells plant cells also fungus & protist cells](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1af47f8b9ab05998063c/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
• Smooth ER• Lacks ribosomes• Produces lipids,
estrogen, & testosterone
• Helps detoxify drugs & poisons
• Increased use = increased smooth ER
• Possibly linked to increased tolerance
![Page 36: Cells Types of Cells prokaryotes no organelles bacteria cells eukaryotes organelles animal cells plant cells also fungus & protist cells](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1af47f8b9ab05998063c/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
![Page 37: Cells Types of Cells prokaryotes no organelles bacteria cells eukaryotes organelles animal cells plant cells also fungus & protist cells](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1af47f8b9ab05998063c/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
• Transport (FedEx/UPS of the cell)
• Collects, packages, modifies, and distributes materials made in the cell
• Prevalent in cells that secrete substances
Golgi Apparatus
![Page 38: Cells Types of Cells prokaryotes no organelles bacteria cells eukaryotes organelles animal cells plant cells also fungus & protist cells](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1af47f8b9ab05998063c/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
• Lysosomes• Contain digestive
enzymes• Digest organic
molecules, worn organelles, or dying cells
Vesicles
lysosomes
nucleus
![Page 39: Cells Types of Cells prokaryotes no organelles bacteria cells eukaryotes organelles animal cells plant cells also fungus & protist cells](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1af47f8b9ab05998063c/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Vesicle transport
vesiclebuddingfrom roughER
fusionof vesiclewith Golgiapparatus
migratingtransportvesicle
protein
ribosome
![Page 40: Cells Types of Cells prokaryotes no organelles bacteria cells eukaryotes organelles animal cells plant cells also fungus & protist cells](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1af47f8b9ab05998063c/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
• Central vacuole• Large, fluid-filled
organelle• Stores water, ions,
enzymes & waste• Can be up to 90% of
cell’s volume• Why so big in plants?
Vacuoles – Plant cells
![Page 41: Cells Types of Cells prokaryotes no organelles bacteria cells eukaryotes organelles animal cells plant cells also fungus & protist cells](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1af47f8b9ab05998063c/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
• Food vacuoles• Store and process
food• Contractile
vacuoles• Removes excess
water from cell• Prevents cell from
exploding
Vacuoles – Animal cells
![Page 42: Cells Types of Cells prokaryotes no organelles bacteria cells eukaryotes organelles animal cells plant cells also fungus & protist cells](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1af47f8b9ab05998063c/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Working together …
vesicle
ER
vesicle
Golgi complex
vesicle
vacuole
![Page 43: Cells Types of Cells prokaryotes no organelles bacteria cells eukaryotes organelles animal cells plant cells also fungus & protist cells](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1af47f8b9ab05998063c/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
• Centrosome• Assembles
microtubules• May contain
centrioles• Used during cell
division
Centrosome
![Page 44: Cells Types of Cells prokaryotes no organelles bacteria cells eukaryotes organelles animal cells plant cells also fungus & protist cells](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1af47f8b9ab05998063c/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
• Cilia• Hair-like• Short &
numerous• Flagella
• Tail-like• Long & less
numerous
Cilia/Flagella
![Page 45: Cells Types of Cells prokaryotes no organelles bacteria cells eukaryotes organelles animal cells plant cells also fungus & protist cells](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1af47f8b9ab05998063c/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Plant Cellversus
Animal Cell
![Page 46: Cells Types of Cells prokaryotes no organelles bacteria cells eukaryotes organelles animal cells plant cells also fungus & protist cells](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1af47f8b9ab05998063c/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
• Cytoskeleton• Network of
microtubules & filaments
• Gives the cell shape
• Holds organelles in place
Animal Cells Only!
![Page 47: Cells Types of Cells prokaryotes no organelles bacteria cells eukaryotes organelles animal cells plant cells also fungus & protist cells](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1af47f8b9ab05998063c/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
• Cell Wall• Rigid layer
surrounding plasma membrane
• Made of cellulose• Pores allow water,
ions, & other molecules to pass
• Bacteria (peptidoglycan), some protists & fungi (chitin) also have cell walls
Plant Cells Only!
![Page 48: Cells Types of Cells prokaryotes no organelles bacteria cells eukaryotes organelles animal cells plant cells also fungus & protist cells](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1af47f8b9ab05998063c/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
• Chloroplast• Contain chlorophyll• Site of
photosynthesis• Energy (sunlight)
food• Contain own DNA
& ribosomes• Have a double
membrane
Plant Cells Only!
![Page 49: Cells Types of Cells prokaryotes no organelles bacteria cells eukaryotes organelles animal cells plant cells also fungus & protist cells](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1af47f8b9ab05998063c/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
![Page 50: Cells Types of Cells prokaryotes no organelles bacteria cells eukaryotes organelles animal cells plant cells also fungus & protist cells](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1af47f8b9ab05998063c/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Any Questions??
![Page 51: Cells Types of Cells prokaryotes no organelles bacteria cells eukaryotes organelles animal cells plant cells also fungus & protist cells](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1af47f8b9ab05998063c/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)