Cell Physiology Sourcebook Essentials of Membrane Biophysics
ELSEVIER
Fourth Edition
Nicholas Sperelakis Department of Physiology and Biophysics,
College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
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Academic Press is an Imprint of Elsevier
Contents
In Memoriam x i Sectiqn II Contributors xiii
Membrane Potential, Transport Fo1·eword to the First Edition xvii Foreword to the Second Edition XIX Physiology, Pumps, and Exchangers Foreword to the Third Edition XXI
Foreword to the Fourth Edition xxiii 8. Diffusion and Permeability 113 Preface to the Fourth Edition XXV
Nicholas Sp erelakis and jeffrey C. Freedman
Section I 9. Origin of Resting Membrane Biophysical Chemistry, Metabolism, Potentials 121 Second Messengers, and Ultrastructure
Nicholas Sperelakis
1. Biophysical Chemistry of Physiological Solutions 3 10. Gibbs-Donnan Equilibrium jeffrey C. Freedman Potentials 147
Nicholas Sperelakis 2. Physiological Structure and Function
of Proteins 19 11. Mechanisms of Carrier-Mediated Matthew R. Pincus Transport: Facilitated Diffusion,
Cotransport and 3. Cell Membranes 49 Countertransport 153
Jeffrey C. Freedman Steven M. Grassl
4. lonophores in Planar lipid Bilayers 61 12. Active lon Transport by ATP-Driven lon Pumps 167
Jeffrey C. Freedman Robert A. Farley
5. Cell Structure 67 Michael S. Forbes 13. Ca2+ -ATPases 179
Tracy}. Pritchard, Istvan Edes and 6. Signal Transduction and Second Evangelia G. Kranias
Messengers 85 Aldebaran M. Hofer 14. Na + -Ca2+ Exchange Currents 195
7. j ohn H.B. Bridge, Natalia S. Torres and
Calcium as an Intracellular Michela Ottolia Second Messen3er: Mediation by Calcium-Bin ing Proteins 99 15. Intracellular Chloride Regulation 221 John R. Dedman and Marcia A. Kaetzel Francisco}. Alvarez-Leefmans
vii
viii Contents
16. Osmosis and Regulation of Cell 27. Why are So Many lon Channels Volume 261 Mechanosensitive? 493
Clive M. Baumgarten and joseph]. Feher Catherine E. Morris
17. Intracellular pH Regulation 303 Section IV
Robert W. Putnam lon Channels as Targets for Toxins,
Section Ill Drugs, and Genetic Diseases
Membrane Excitability and lon Channels, 28. lon Channels as Targets for Toxins 509
18. Cable Properties and Propagation Kenneth M. Blumenthal
of Action Potentials 325
Nicholas Sperelakis 29. lon Channels as Targets for Drugs 525
Seth Robe)lt Kevin]. Sampson 19. Electrogenesis of Membrane and Robert S. Kass
Excitability 345
Nicholas Sperelakis 30. Inherited Diseases of lon Transport 535
20. Patch-Clamp Techniques 369 Robert A. Farley
Laura Conforti
21. Structure and Mechanism of Section V Voltage-Gated lon Channels 383 Synaptic Transmission and Sensory
Simon Rock Levinson and William A. Sather Transduction
22. Biology of Gap junctions 409 31. ligand-Gated lon Channels 549
Richard D. Veenstra Kenneth R. Tovar and Gary L. Westbrook
23. Regulation of Cardiac lon Channels 32. Synaptic Transmission 563
bh Cyclic Nucleotide-Dependent Janusz B. Suszkiw P osphorylation 431
Gordon M. Wahler and Nicholas Sperelakis 33. Excitation-Secretion Coupling 579
24. Direct Regulation of lon Channels Nicole Gallo-Payet and Marcel Daniel Payet
by GTP-Binding Proteins 445 34. Stimulus-Response Coupling in
Atsushi lnanobe and Yoshihisa Kurachi Metabolic Sensor Cells 601
25. Developmental Changes in lon Stan Misler
Channels 453 35. Chclic Nucleotide-Gated lon
Takeshi Kobayashi, Noritsugu Tohse, C annels 621 Hisashi Yokoshiki and Nicholas Sperelakis
Anita L. Zimmerman
26. Regulation of lon Channel localization and Activity Through 36. Sensory Receptors and Interactions with the Cytoskeleton 475 Mechanotransduction 633
Stephen Lambert AndrewS. French and Paivi H. Torkkeli
Co ntents ix
7 Acoustic Transduction 3 . 649 46. Contraction of Muscles:
Daniel C. Marcus
8 Visual Transduction 3 . Anita L. Zimmerman
39. Gustatory and Olfactory Sensory Transduction
Stephen D. Roper
40. Infrared Sensory Organs
Stephen D. Roper and Michael S. Grace
41. Electroreceptors and Magnetoreceptors
Timothy C. Tricas and Bruce A. Carlson
Section VI
669
681
699
705
Muscle and Other Contractile Systems
42. Skeletal Muscle Excitability 729
Nicholas Sperelakis, judith Heiny and Hugo Gonzalez-Serratos
43. Cardiac Action Potentials 757
Gordon M. Wahler
44. Smooth Muscle Excitability 771
Neil D. Detweiler, An up K. Srivastava, Asif R. Pathan, Sujay V. Kharade and Nancy j. Rusch
45. Excitation-Contraction Coupling in Skeletal Muscle
judith A. Heiny and Gerhard Meissner
783
Mechanochemistry
Richard j. Paul
47. Flagella, Cilia, Actin- and Centrin-based Movement
Kenneth W Foster
48. Electrocytes of Electric Fish
Anthony L. Cotter, Marcia A. Kaetzel and john R. Dedman
Section VII Protozoa and Bacteria
49. Physiological Adaptations of Protists
Michael Levandowsky
50. Physiology of Prokaryotic Cells
Dennis W Grogan
Section VII I Specialized Processes: Photosynthesis and Bioluminescence
801
823
855
873
891
51. Photosynthesis 909
Darrell Fleischman
52. Bioluminescence
j. Woodland Hastings
Appendix Index
925
949 95 7