Cell Physiology Sourcebook Essentials of Membrane Biophysics

ELSEVIER

Fourth Edition

Nicholas Sperelakis Department of Physiology and Biophysics,

College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio

AMSTERDAM • BOSTON • HEIDELBERG • LONDON • NEW YORK • OXFORD • PARIS SAN DIEGO • SAN FRANCISCO • SINGAPORE • SYDNEY • TOKYO

Academic Press is an Imprint of Elsevier

Contents

In Memoriam x i Sectiqn II Contributors xiii

Membrane Potential, Transport Fo1·eword to the First Edition xvii Foreword to the Second Edition XIX Physiology, Pumps, and Exchangers Foreword to the Third Edition XXI

Foreword to the Fourth Edition xxiii 8. Diffusion and Permeability 113 Preface to the Fourth Edition XXV

Nicholas Sp erelakis and jeffrey C. Freedman

Section I 9. Origin of Resting Membrane Biophysical Chemistry, Metabolism, Potentials 121 Second Messengers, and Ultrastructure

Nicholas Sperelakis

1. Biophysical Chemistry of Physiological Solutions 3 10. Gibbs-Donnan Equilibrium jeffrey C. Freedman Potentials 147

Nicholas Sperelakis 2. Physiological Structure and Function

of Proteins 19 11. Mechanisms of Carrier-Mediated Matthew R. Pincus Transport: Facilitated Diffusion,

Cotransport and 3. Cell Membranes 49 Countertransport 153

Jeffrey C. Freedman Steven M. Grassl

4. lonophores in Planar lipid Bilayers 61 12. Active lon Transport by ATP-Driven lon Pumps 167

Jeffrey C. Freedman Robert A. Farley

5. Cell Structure 67 Michael S. Forbes 13. Ca2+ -ATPases 179

Tracy}. Pritchard, Istvan Edes and 6. Signal Transduction and Second Evangelia G. Kranias

Messengers 85 Aldebaran M. Hofer 14. Na + -Ca2+ Exchange Currents 195

7. j ohn H.B. Bridge, Natalia S. Torres and

Calcium as an Intracellular Michela Ottolia Second Messen3er: Mediation by Calcium-Bin ing Proteins 99 15. Intracellular Chloride Regulation 221 John R. Dedman and Marcia A. Kaetzel Francisco}. Alvarez-Leefmans

vii

viii Contents

16. Osmosis and Regulation of Cell 27. Why are So Many lon Channels Volume 261 Mechanosensitive? 493

Clive M. Baumgarten and joseph]. Feher Catherine E. Morris

17. Intracellular pH Regulation 303 Section IV

Robert W. Putnam lon Channels as Targets for Toxins,

Section Ill Drugs, and Genetic Diseases

Membrane Excitability and lon Channels, 28. lon Channels as Targets for Toxins 509

18. Cable Properties and Propagation Kenneth M. Blumenthal

of Action Potentials 325

Nicholas Sperelakis 29. lon Channels as Targets for Drugs 525

Seth Robe)lt Kevin]. Sampson 19. Electrogenesis of Membrane and Robert S. Kass

Excitability 345

Nicholas Sperelakis 30. Inherited Diseases of lon Transport 535

20. Patch-Clamp Techniques 369 Robert A. Farley

Laura Conforti

21. Structure and Mechanism of Section V Voltage-Gated lon Channels 383 Synaptic Transmission and Sensory

Simon Rock Levinson and William A. Sather Transduction

22. Biology of Gap junctions 409 31. ligand-Gated lon Channels 549

Richard D. Veenstra Kenneth R. Tovar and Gary L. Westbrook

23. Regulation of Cardiac lon Channels 32. Synaptic Transmission 563

bh Cyclic Nucleotide-Dependent Janusz B. Suszkiw P osphorylation 431

Gordon M. Wahler and Nicholas Sperelakis 33. Excitation-Secretion Coupling 579

24. Direct Regulation of lon Channels Nicole Gallo-Payet and Marcel Daniel Payet

by GTP-Binding Proteins 445 34. Stimulus-Response Coupling in

Atsushi lnanobe and Yoshihisa Kurachi Metabolic Sensor Cells 601

25. Developmental Changes in lon Stan Misler

Channels 453 35. Chclic Nucleotide-Gated lon

Takeshi Kobayashi, Noritsugu Tohse, C annels 621 Hisashi Yokoshiki and Nicholas Sperelakis

Anita L. Zimmerman

26. Regulation of lon Channel localization and Activity Through 36. Sensory Receptors and Interactions with the Cytoskeleton 475 Mechanotransduction 633

Stephen Lambert AndrewS. French and Paivi H. Torkkeli

Co ntents ix

7 Acoustic Transduction 3 . 649 46. Contraction of Muscles:

Daniel C. Marcus

8 Visual Transduction 3 . Anita L. Zimmerman

39. Gustatory and Olfactory Sensory Transduction

Stephen D. Roper

40. Infrared Sensory Organs

Stephen D. Roper and Michael S. Grace

41. Electroreceptors and Magnetoreceptors

Timothy C. Tricas and Bruce A. Carlson

Section VI

669

681

699

705

Muscle and Other Contractile Systems

42. Skeletal Muscle Excitability 729

Nicholas Sperelakis, judith Heiny and Hugo Gonzalez-Serratos

43. Cardiac Action Potentials 757

Gordon M. Wahler

44. Smooth Muscle Excitability 771

Neil D. Detweiler, An up K. Srivastava, Asif R. Pathan, Sujay V. Kharade and Nancy j. Rusch

45. Excitation-Contraction Coupling in Skeletal Muscle

judith A. Heiny and Gerhard Meissner

783

Mechanochemistry

Richard j. Paul

47. Flagella, Cilia, Actin- and Centrin-based Movement

Kenneth W Foster

48. Electrocytes of Electric Fish

Anthony L. Cotter, Marcia A. Kaetzel and john R. Dedman

Section VII Protozoa and Bacteria

49. Physiological Adaptations of Protists

Michael Levandowsky

50. Physiology of Prokaryotic Cells

Dennis W Grogan

Section VII I Specialized Processes: Photosynthesis and Bioluminescence

801

823

855

873

891

51. Photosynthesis 909

Darrell Fleischman

52. Bioluminescence

j. Woodland Hastings

Appendix Index

925

949 95 7