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Bio230Labworksheet- IntegumentarySystem

WewillstartwiththeEPIDERMIS.Theupperskinregionwhichiskeratinizedstratifiedsquamousepithelium.Labelthelayers(strata)oftheepidermisbelow: thisisfromthickskin.Howdoyouknow?Note:Strata=plural,Stratum=singular)

1. Stratumbasale 4,Stratumlucidum2. Stratumspinosum5.Stratumcorneum3. Stratumgranulosum

Besideseachlayer(strata),Putan:AifthatlayerhaslivingcellsDYifthatlayerhascellsthataredyingDEifthatlayerisonlydeadcells

Labelthecellsoftheepidermis:a.Keratinocytesa. Melanocyteb. Merkel(akatactile)cellc. Langerhanscell

Structuresindermise.Merkel(tactle)discf.Sensorynerve

Besureyouknowthelocation(strata)eachcelllocatedAndthefunctionofeachcell

Dermalpapilla

Dermis(Connectivetissue)Whatisthedifferencebetweentheepidermalridgeanddermalpapilla?

WhatC.T.inunderallepithelialtissue?

Epidermalridge

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BesureyoucaneasilyIDthe4strata(layers)ofKeratinizedstratifiedsquamousET.HardtoseeS.Lucidium sowon’tneedtoIDthatlayer.KnowS.Lucidum onlyinthickskin.(solesoffeet/palmsofhand)

IDonboththeseslides:1.Stratumbasale 3.Stratumgranulosum2.Stratumspinosum4.Stratumcorneum

Melanin pigmentgranules(-brownpigmentgranules)canbeseenincellssituatedinthelowerlayeroftheepidermisoftheskinImageabove.

Thetopregion(notlayer)oftheskiniscalledthe______________________,

whichisthetheepitheliumcalled____________________________________________________

TheskinregionjustinferiortotheE.T.iscalledthe_________________________,andistheareaofofconnectivetissue.

ThetypeofCTjustdeeptotheE.T.iscalled___________________________CT.

ThedermalprojectionsmarkedwithXbelow,arecalled__________________________________________

andarelocatedthethe____________________________regionofthedermis.

XXX

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Sensoryreceptors1. Freenerveending2. Meissner(akatactile) corpuscle(locatedwhere?)3. Merkel(akatactile)cell(locatedwhere?)4. Blank5. Pacinian(akalamellated)corpuscle(locatedwhere?)6. RoothairplexusBesureyouknowthefunctionsofthesensoryreceptors.

EpidermalDerivatives:7. Eccrine(akamerocrine)sweatgland8. Apocrinegland9. Sebaceousgland10. Hairbulb/inhairmatrix

Besureyouknowthedifferencesbetweenthe3glandslisted,(eccrine.Apocrine&sebaceous)andwhyallthesestructuresarecalledepidermalderivatives.

Otherstructurestoknow:11.Arrector pilimuscle12.Adiposetissue

Epidermallayers:A.

B.

C.

D.

E.RegionsofDermis:F.Papillaryregion(CTtype)=

G.Reticularregion(CTtype)=

H.Hypodermis(akasubQ)

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Examineyourclassroommodel.Identifythepresence(+)orabsence(o)ofthefollowingstructuresineachofyourthreeskinsources:

Structures Scalp Axilla Thickskin

Hair

Eccrinesweatgland

Apocrine sweatglandSebaceousgland

Sebaceousgland

Stratumlucidum

Enlargeddermalpapillae

Thickstratumcorneum

LookingatyourchartandskinmodelcontrastthenumberofenlargeddermalpapillaeseeninthickskinVs.thinskin.Whatfunctiondoyouthinksuchdifferencesserve?Rememberwhereyoufindthickskin!

Lookingatyourchartandskinmodel,whyisitthatacneisneverfoundonthesolesofthefeetorthepalmsofyourhands?

YourclassroommodelLabelyourthreeskinsourcefirst(thickskin,thinskin(likescalp)orskinfromaxilla

Canyoulocate:1. hairshaft2. hairroot3. hairbulb4. hairpapilla5. Sebaceoussweatgland

6. merocrine (eccrine)sweatgland7. ductofsweatgland8. Epidermis- knowthestratatoo!9. dermis10. papillaryregionofdermis11. Reticularregionofdermis12. Hypodermis(akasubQ)

13.messiner’s (tactile)corpuscles14.pacinian corpuscle(lamellated corpuscle)

Canalsobefoundwhere?15.adiposetissue16.arrector pilimuscle17.apocrinesweatgland 5

Skinsource:

A=B=C=

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StratumCorneumStratumGranulosumStratumSpinosumStratumBasale

Melanocyte

Sweatduct

EccrineSweatgland

Merkelcell

Merkeldisc

SensorynerveSebaceousgland

HairFollicle(epidermalcellsAroundthehairroot)

HairBulb- distalexpandedendofhairfollicle.Includesthehairmatrix

Closeupofhairmatrix:Hairmatrix- keratinocytes)Epidermalcellsthatcreatenewhair.HairIsmadeofkeratin!Melanocytespresent(givehairit’scolor).

HairShaft

Hairpapilla-CTindentationthathasbloodvesselto“feed”hairmatrix

EpidermalDerivativesStudythisdiagram!Whatstructurescomefromthekeratinocytesoftheepidermis?

AremelanocytesandMerkelcellsEpidermalderivatives?WhyorWhynot?

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1.Thefrontandbackoftheheadandneckequal9%ofthebody'ssurfacearea.

2.Thefrontandbackofeacharmandhandequal9%ofthebody'ssurfacearea.

3.Thechestequals9%andtheabdomenequals9%ofthebody'ssurfacearea.

4.Theupperbackequals9%andthelowerbackequals9%ofthebody'ssurfacearea.

5.Thefrontandbackofeachlegandfootequal18%ofthebody'ssurfacearea.

6..Theexternalgenitaia/perineumequal1%ofthebody'ssurfacearea.

Ruleof9BurnScaleYoucanquicklyestimatethesizeofaburnbyusingthe"ruleofnines."Thismethoddividesthebody'ssurfaceareaintopercentages.

Example:Anadultwhohasbeenburned,thepercentofthebodyinvolvedcanbecalculatedasfollows:Ifbothlegs- frontandback(9%x4=36%),theext.genitalia(1%)andthefrontchest 9%andabdomen9%wereburned,thiswouldinvolve55%ofthebody.36+1+9+9=55%

Questions:Theintegumentarysystem=theskin+WHATstructures!!!

1. Howdoestheintegumentarysystemhelpintheregulationofbodytemperature?Whatdotheterms“vasodilateandvasoconstriction“mean?

2. Whyistheepidermissovulnerableto“frostbite”?

3. Whatvitaminissynthesizedintheskin(withthehelpofthesun)?ANDwhyisthisVitaminneededbythebody?

4. TheepidermisiswhattypeofEpithelium?

5. Namethe5layersoftheepidermisfoundinthethickskinofthepalmsandbottomsofyourfeet.Nexttoeachlayerlistifthecellsareliving,dyingorDEAD.

6.Whatlayeroftheepidermisrepresentsthetransitionfromlivingtodeadepithelialcells?Whydokeratinocytesbegin todiewithinthislayer?

7.Whichofthe5layers(strata)youlistedisnotpresentonyourface?

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8.Namethe4celltypesfoundintheepidermis,wheretheyarefound,functionofeachofthesecellsandtherelative%ofeach.

9.Whatisthefunctionofthepigmentmelanin?Howisyourbodytryingtoprotectyouwhenyoulayouttogetasuntan?

10. Thepapillarylayerofthedermisismadeupofwhatprimarytypeofconnectivetissue?WhyisthisagoodtypeofC.T.tohaveundertheepidermis?

11.Thereticularlayerofthedermisismadeofofwhatprimarytypeofconnectivetissue?Whichofthese2layers(papillaryandreticular)givesskinitsoverallstrengthandelasticity?Why?

12.WhatisthedifferencebetweenTactile(Meissner’s)corpuscles,Tactile(Merkel)cell,andPacinian(lamellated)corpuscles?Whereiseachlocated?

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Cellname Stratafound Relative% Basicfunction

13.Whatisthedifferencebetweeneccrineandapocrinesweatglands?Whichtypeismorecommon?

14.Wherewouldyouexpecttofindmoresensoryreceptors,inyourpalms(whichincludestheventralsurfaceofyourfingersoryouraxillaryregion?

15.Afirstdegreeburnisdamagetoonlythe_____________________________________regionoftheskin.

Aseconddegreeburngoesthroughthe________________________________andintothe_____________________.

AThirddegreeburnreachesdownpastthe__________________________,andthe_________________________

Andintothe_____________________________________.

Aclassicseconddegreeburnhasafluidfilledblister.Whatdoesthisblisterrepresent?.

16.AnadultburnvictimwasbroughtintotheER.Youaretoldtoestimatethepercentageofthebodyburned.Thisisyourobservationofthepatientsskinoncetheclothinghavebeencutaway.

-backofheadburned=________%

-upperbackburned=_________%

-backofleftarmburned=________%

-backofleftlegburned+_________%

-Whatisyouranswerregardingthebodypercentageburnedonyourpatient? 10