bio 230 lab worksheet-integumentary system...the skin region just inferior to the e.t. is called the...
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Bio230Labworksheet- IntegumentarySystem
WewillstartwiththeEPIDERMIS.Theupperskinregionwhichiskeratinizedstratifiedsquamousepithelium.Labelthelayers(strata)oftheepidermisbelow: thisisfromthickskin.Howdoyouknow?Note:Strata=plural,Stratum=singular)
1. Stratumbasale 4,Stratumlucidum2. Stratumspinosum5.Stratumcorneum3. Stratumgranulosum
Besideseachlayer(strata),Putan:AifthatlayerhaslivingcellsDYifthatlayerhascellsthataredyingDEifthatlayerisonlydeadcells
Labelthecellsoftheepidermis:a.Keratinocytesa. Melanocyteb. Merkel(akatactile)cellc. Langerhanscell
Structuresindermise.Merkel(tactle)discf.Sensorynerve
Besureyouknowthelocation(strata)eachcelllocatedAndthefunctionofeachcell
Dermalpapilla
Dermis(Connectivetissue)Whatisthedifferencebetweentheepidermalridgeanddermalpapilla?
WhatC.T.inunderallepithelialtissue?
Epidermalridge
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BesureyoucaneasilyIDthe4strata(layers)ofKeratinizedstratifiedsquamousET.HardtoseeS.Lucidium sowon’tneedtoIDthatlayer.KnowS.Lucidum onlyinthickskin.(solesoffeet/palmsofhand)
IDonboththeseslides:1.Stratumbasale 3.Stratumgranulosum2.Stratumspinosum4.Stratumcorneum
Melanin pigmentgranules(-brownpigmentgranules)canbeseenincellssituatedinthelowerlayeroftheepidermisoftheskinImageabove.
Thetopregion(notlayer)oftheskiniscalledthe______________________,
whichisthetheepitheliumcalled____________________________________________________
TheskinregionjustinferiortotheE.T.iscalledthe_________________________,andistheareaofofconnectivetissue.
ThetypeofCTjustdeeptotheE.T.iscalled___________________________CT.
ThedermalprojectionsmarkedwithXbelow,arecalled__________________________________________
andarelocatedthethe____________________________regionofthedermis.
XXX
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Sensoryreceptors1. Freenerveending2. Meissner(akatactile) corpuscle(locatedwhere?)3. Merkel(akatactile)cell(locatedwhere?)4. Blank5. Pacinian(akalamellated)corpuscle(locatedwhere?)6. RoothairplexusBesureyouknowthefunctionsofthesensoryreceptors.
EpidermalDerivatives:7. Eccrine(akamerocrine)sweatgland8. Apocrinegland9. Sebaceousgland10. Hairbulb/inhairmatrix
Besureyouknowthedifferencesbetweenthe3glandslisted,(eccrine.Apocrine&sebaceous)andwhyallthesestructuresarecalledepidermalderivatives.
Otherstructurestoknow:11.Arrector pilimuscle12.Adiposetissue
Epidermallayers:A.
B.
C.
D.
E.RegionsofDermis:F.Papillaryregion(CTtype)=
G.Reticularregion(CTtype)=
H.Hypodermis(akasubQ)
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Examineyourclassroommodel.Identifythepresence(+)orabsence(o)ofthefollowingstructuresineachofyourthreeskinsources:
Structures Scalp Axilla Thickskin
Hair
Eccrinesweatgland
Apocrine sweatglandSebaceousgland
Sebaceousgland
Stratumlucidum
Enlargeddermalpapillae
Thickstratumcorneum
LookingatyourchartandskinmodelcontrastthenumberofenlargeddermalpapillaeseeninthickskinVs.thinskin.Whatfunctiondoyouthinksuchdifferencesserve?Rememberwhereyoufindthickskin!
Lookingatyourchartandskinmodel,whyisitthatacneisneverfoundonthesolesofthefeetorthepalmsofyourhands?
YourclassroommodelLabelyourthreeskinsourcefirst(thickskin,thinskin(likescalp)orskinfromaxilla
Canyoulocate:1. hairshaft2. hairroot3. hairbulb4. hairpapilla5. Sebaceoussweatgland
6. merocrine (eccrine)sweatgland7. ductofsweatgland8. Epidermis- knowthestratatoo!9. dermis10. papillaryregionofdermis11. Reticularregionofdermis12. Hypodermis(akasubQ)
13.messiner’s (tactile)corpuscles14.pacinian corpuscle(lamellated corpuscle)
Canalsobefoundwhere?15.adiposetissue16.arrector pilimuscle17.apocrinesweatgland 5
Skinsource:
A=B=C=
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StratumCorneumStratumGranulosumStratumSpinosumStratumBasale
Melanocyte
Sweatduct
EccrineSweatgland
Merkelcell
Merkeldisc
SensorynerveSebaceousgland
HairFollicle(epidermalcellsAroundthehairroot)
HairBulb- distalexpandedendofhairfollicle.Includesthehairmatrix
Closeupofhairmatrix:Hairmatrix- keratinocytes)Epidermalcellsthatcreatenewhair.HairIsmadeofkeratin!Melanocytespresent(givehairit’scolor).
HairShaft
Hairpapilla-CTindentationthathasbloodvesselto“feed”hairmatrix
EpidermalDerivativesStudythisdiagram!Whatstructurescomefromthekeratinocytesoftheepidermis?
AremelanocytesandMerkelcellsEpidermalderivatives?WhyorWhynot?
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1.Thefrontandbackoftheheadandneckequal9%ofthebody'ssurfacearea.
2.Thefrontandbackofeacharmandhandequal9%ofthebody'ssurfacearea.
3.Thechestequals9%andtheabdomenequals9%ofthebody'ssurfacearea.
4.Theupperbackequals9%andthelowerbackequals9%ofthebody'ssurfacearea.
5.Thefrontandbackofeachlegandfootequal18%ofthebody'ssurfacearea.
6..Theexternalgenitaia/perineumequal1%ofthebody'ssurfacearea.
Ruleof9BurnScaleYoucanquicklyestimatethesizeofaburnbyusingthe"ruleofnines."Thismethoddividesthebody'ssurfaceareaintopercentages.
Example:Anadultwhohasbeenburned,thepercentofthebodyinvolvedcanbecalculatedasfollows:Ifbothlegs- frontandback(9%x4=36%),theext.genitalia(1%)andthefrontchest 9%andabdomen9%wereburned,thiswouldinvolve55%ofthebody.36+1+9+9=55%
Questions:Theintegumentarysystem=theskin+WHATstructures!!!
1. Howdoestheintegumentarysystemhelpintheregulationofbodytemperature?Whatdotheterms“vasodilateandvasoconstriction“mean?
2. Whyistheepidermissovulnerableto“frostbite”?
3. Whatvitaminissynthesizedintheskin(withthehelpofthesun)?ANDwhyisthisVitaminneededbythebody?
4. TheepidermisiswhattypeofEpithelium?
5. Namethe5layersoftheepidermisfoundinthethickskinofthepalmsandbottomsofyourfeet.Nexttoeachlayerlistifthecellsareliving,dyingorDEAD.
6.Whatlayeroftheepidermisrepresentsthetransitionfromlivingtodeadepithelialcells?Whydokeratinocytesbegin todiewithinthislayer?
7.Whichofthe5layers(strata)youlistedisnotpresentonyourface?
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8.Namethe4celltypesfoundintheepidermis,wheretheyarefound,functionofeachofthesecellsandtherelative%ofeach.
9.Whatisthefunctionofthepigmentmelanin?Howisyourbodytryingtoprotectyouwhenyoulayouttogetasuntan?
10. Thepapillarylayerofthedermisismadeupofwhatprimarytypeofconnectivetissue?WhyisthisagoodtypeofC.T.tohaveundertheepidermis?
11.Thereticularlayerofthedermisismadeofofwhatprimarytypeofconnectivetissue?Whichofthese2layers(papillaryandreticular)givesskinitsoverallstrengthandelasticity?Why?
12.WhatisthedifferencebetweenTactile(Meissner’s)corpuscles,Tactile(Merkel)cell,andPacinian(lamellated)corpuscles?Whereiseachlocated?
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Cellname Stratafound Relative% Basicfunction
13.Whatisthedifferencebetweeneccrineandapocrinesweatglands?Whichtypeismorecommon?
14.Wherewouldyouexpecttofindmoresensoryreceptors,inyourpalms(whichincludestheventralsurfaceofyourfingersoryouraxillaryregion?
15.Afirstdegreeburnisdamagetoonlythe_____________________________________regionoftheskin.
Aseconddegreeburngoesthroughthe________________________________andintothe_____________________.
AThirddegreeburnreachesdownpastthe__________________________,andthe_________________________
Andintothe_____________________________________.
Aclassicseconddegreeburnhasafluidfilledblister.Whatdoesthisblisterrepresent?.
16.AnadultburnvictimwasbroughtintotheER.Youaretoldtoestimatethepercentageofthebodyburned.Thisisyourobservationofthepatientsskinoncetheclothinghavebeencutaway.
-backofheadburned=________%
-upperbackburned=_________%
-backofleftarmburned=________%
-backofleftlegburned+_________%
-Whatisyouranswerregardingthebodypercentageburnedonyourpatient? 10