Download - Application's of Radiation
-
8/17/2019 Application's of Radiation
1/11
Application's OfRadiation
Prepared By : Divyesh Khunt
-
8/17/2019 Application's of Radiation
2/11
Introduction
Although scientists have only known about radiation since the1890s they have developed a wide variety o! uses !or this
natural !orce"
#oday to bene!it hu$ankind radiation is used in $edicine
acade$ics and industry as well as !or generating electricity"
%n addition radiation has use!ul applications in such areas as
agriculture archaeology &carbon dating' space e(plorationlaw en!orce$ent geology &including $ining' and $any others"
Application)s o! radiation has the scope in
1" *edical +ses
," Acade$ic and -cienti!ic Applications
." %ndustrial +ses
/" uclear Power Plants
http://www.nrc.gov/about-nrc/radiation/around-us/uses-radiation.htmlhttp://www.nrc.gov/about-nrc/radiation/around-us/uses-radiation.htmlhttp://www.nrc.gov/about-nrc/radiation/around-us/uses-radiation.htmlhttp://www.nrc.gov/about-nrc/radiation/around-us/uses-radiation.htmlhttp://www.nrc.gov/about-nrc/radiation/around-us/uses-radiation.htmlhttp://www.nrc.gov/about-nrc/radiation/around-us/uses-radiation.htmlhttp://www.nrc.gov/about-nrc/radiation/around-us/uses-radiation.htmlhttp://www.nrc.gov/about-nrc/radiation/around-us/uses-radiation.html
-
8/17/2019 Application's of Radiation
3/11
1. Medical uses
ospitals doctors and dentists use a variety o! nuclear$aterials and procedures to diagnose $onitor and treat a
wide assort$ent o! $etabolic processes and $edical
conditions in hu$ans" As a result $edical procedures using
radiation have saved thousands o! lives through the detection
and treat$ent o! conditions ranging !ro$ hyperthyroidis$ to
bone cancer"
#he $ost co$$on o! these $edical procedures involve the
use o! (2rays 3 a type o! radiation that can pass through our
skin" 4hen (2rayed our bones and other structures cast
shadows because they are denser than our skin and those
shadows can be detected on photographic !il$" #his allowsdoctors and dentists to spot broken bones and dental
proble$s"
52rays and other !or$s o! radiation also have a variety o!
therapeutic uses" 4hen used in this way they are $ost o!ten
intended to kill cancerous tissue reduce the si6e o! a tu$or
or reduce pain"
http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/basic-ref/glossary/x-rays.htmlhttp://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/basic-ref/glossary/x-rays.html
-
8/17/2019 Application's of Radiation
4/11
52ray $achines have also been connected to co$puters in
$achines called co$puteri6ed a(ial to$ography &7A#' orco$puted to$ography &7#' scanners" #hese instru$ents
provide doctors with color i$ages that show the shapes and
details o! internal organs" #his helps physicians locate and
identi!y tu$ors si6e ano$alies or other physiological or
!unctional organ proble$s"
%n addition hospitals and radiology centers per!or$
appro(i$ately 10 $illion nuclear $edicine procedures in the
+nited -tates each year" %n such procedures doctors
ad$inister slightly radioactive substances to patients which
are attracted to certain internal organs such as the
pancreas kidney thyroid liver or brain to diagnose clinical
conditions"
http://www.nrc.gov/about-nrc/radiation/protects-you/nuclear-medicine.htmlhttp://www.nrc.gov/about-nrc/radiation/protects-you/nuclear-medicine.html
-
8/17/2019 Application's of Radiation
5/11
2.Academic and Scientific Applications
+niversities colleges high schools and other acade$ic and
scienti!ic institutions use nuclear $aterials in course work
laboratory de$onstrations e(peri$ental research and a
variety o! health physics applications"
radiation has helped us learn $ore about the types o! soil
that di!!erent plants need to grow the si6es o! newly
discovered oil !ields and the tracks o! ocean currents" %n
addition researchers use low2energy radioactive sources ingas chro$atography to identi!y the co$ponents o! petroleu$
products s$og and cigarette s$oke and even co$ple(
proteins and en6y$es used in $edical research"
http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/basic-ref/glossary/health-physics.htmlhttp://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/basic-ref/glossary/health-physics.html
-
8/17/2019 Application's of Radiation
6/11
4hen a plant or ani$al dies it no longer takes in new
carbon and the carbon21/ that it accu$ulated throughout its
li!e begins the process o! radioactive decay" As a result
a!ter a !ew years an old obect has a lower percent o!
radioactivity than a newer obect" By $easuring this
di!!erence archaeologists are able to deter$ine the obect)s
appro(i$ate age"
Archaeologists also use radioactive substances to deter$ine
the ages o! !ossils and other obects through a process calledcarbon dating"
http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/basic-ref/glossary/decay-radioactive.htmlhttp://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/basic-ref/glossary/decay-radioactive.html
-
8/17/2019 Application's of Radiation
7/11
3.Industrial Uses
%s used kill ger$s without har$ing the substance that isbeing disin!ected 3 and without $aking it radioactive"
oods take $uch longer to spoil and $edical euip$ent
&such as bandages hypoder$ic syringes and surgical
instru$ents' are sterili6ed without being e(posed to to(icche$icals or e(tre$e heat" As a result where we now use
chlorine 3 a che$ical that is to(ic and di!!icult2to2handle 3
we $ay so$eday use radiation to disin!ect our drinking
water and kill the ger$s in our sewage" %n !act ultraviolet
light &a !or$ o! radiation' is already used to disin!ect
drinking water in so$e ho$es"
-
8/17/2019 Application's of Radiation
8/11
" Besides $aking plants stronger radiation can be used to
control insect populations thereby decreasing the use o!dangerous pesticides" ;adioactive $aterial is also used in
gauges that $easure the thickness o! eggshells to screen out
thin breakable eggs be!ore they are packaged in egg
cartons"
All around us we see re!lective signs that have been treated
with radioactive tritiu$ and phosphorescent paint" %oni6ing
s$oke detectors using a tiny bit o! a$ericiu$2,/1 keep
watch while we sleep"
-
8/17/2019 Application's of Radiation
9/11
;adiation is used to help re$ove to(ic pollutants such as
e(haust gases !ro$ coal2!ired power stations and industry" "
or e(a$ple electron bea$ radiation can re$ove dangerous
sulphur dio(ides and nitrogen o(ides !ro$ our environ$ent"
An (2ray process called radiography to !ind otherwisei$perceptible de!ects in $etallic castings and welds"
;adioactive $aterials also power our drea$s o! outer space
as they !uel our spacecra!t and supply electricity to
satellites that are sent on $issions to the outer$ost regions
o! our solar syste$"
http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/basic-ref/glossary/radiography.htmlhttp://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/basic-ref/glossary/radiography.html
-
8/17/2019 Application's of Radiation
10/11
4. Nuclear Poer Plants
=lectricity produced by nuclear !ission 3 splitting the ato$ 3
is one o! the greatest uses o! radiation" As our countrybeco$es a nation o! electricity users we need a reliable
abundant clean and a!!ordable source o! electricity"
uclear power plants are !ueled by uraniu$ which e$its
radioactive substances" *ost o! these substances are trapped
in uraniu$ !uel pellets or in sealed $etal !uel rods"
http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/basic-ref/glossary/fission-fissioning.htmlhttp://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/basic-ref/glossary/atom.htmlhttp://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/basic-ref/glossary/pellet-fuel.htmlhttp://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/basic-ref/glossary/fuel-rod.htmlhttp://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/basic-ref/glossary/fuel-rod.htmlhttp://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/basic-ref/glossary/pellet-fuel.htmlhttp://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/basic-ref/glossary/atom.htmlhttp://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/basic-ref/glossary/fission-fissioning.html
-
8/17/2019 Application's of Radiation
11/11