application's of radiation

8/17/2019 Application's of Radiation

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Application's OfRadiation

Prepared By : Divyesh Khunt


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Introduction

Although scientists have only known about radiation since the1890s they have developed a wide variety o! uses !or this

natural !orce"

#oday to bene!it hu$ankind radiation is used in $edicine

acade$ics and industry as well as !or generating electricity"

%n addition radiation has use!ul applications in such areas as

agriculture archaeology &carbon dating' space e(plorationlaw en!orce$ent geology &including $ining' and $any others"

Application)s o! radiation has the scope in

1" *edical +ses

," Acade$ic and -cienti!ic Applications

." %ndustrial +ses

/" uclear Power Plants

http://www.nrc.gov/about-nrc/radiation/around-us/uses-radiation.htmlhttp://www.nrc.gov/about-nrc/radiation/around-us/uses-radiation.htmlhttp://www.nrc.gov/about-nrc/radiation/around-us/uses-radiation.htmlhttp://www.nrc.gov/about-nrc/radiation/around-us/uses-radiation.htmlhttp://www.nrc.gov/about-nrc/radiation/around-us/uses-radiation.htmlhttp://www.nrc.gov/about-nrc/radiation/around-us/uses-radiation.htmlhttp://www.nrc.gov/about-nrc/radiation/around-us/uses-radiation.htmlhttp://www.nrc.gov/about-nrc/radiation/around-us/uses-radiation.html


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1. Medical uses

ospitals doctors and dentists use a variety o! nuclear$aterials and procedures to diagnose $onitor and treat a

wide assort$ent o! $etabolic processes and $edical

conditions in hu$ans" As a result $edical procedures using

radiation have saved thousands o! lives through the detection

and treat$ent o! conditions ranging !ro$ hyperthyroidis$ to

bone cancer"

#he $ost co$$on o! these $edical procedures involve the

use o! (2rays 3 a type o! radiation that can pass through our

skin" 4hen (2rayed our bones and other structures cast

shadows because they are denser than our skin and those

shadows can be detected on photographic !il$" #his allowsdoctors and dentists to spot broken bones and dental

proble$s"

52rays and other !or$s o! radiation also have a variety o!

therapeutic uses" 4hen used in this way they are $ost o!ten

intended to kill cancerous tissue reduce the si6e o! a tu$or

or reduce pain"

http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/basic-ref/glossary/x-rays.htmlhttp://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/basic-ref/glossary/x-rays.html


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52ray $achines have also been connected to co$puters in

$achines called co$puteri6ed a(ial to$ography &7A#' orco$puted to$ography &7#' scanners" #hese instru$ents

provide doctors with color i$ages that show the shapes and

details o! internal organs" #his helps physicians locate and

identi!y tu$ors si6e ano$alies or other physiological or

!unctional organ proble$s"

%n addition hospitals and radiology centers per!or$

appro(i$ately 10 $illion nuclear $edicine procedures in the

+nited -tates each year" %n such procedures doctors

ad$inister slightly radioactive substances to patients which

are attracted to certain internal organs such as the

pancreas kidney thyroid liver or brain to diagnose clinical

conditions"

http://www.nrc.gov/about-nrc/radiation/protects-you/nuclear-medicine.htmlhttp://www.nrc.gov/about-nrc/radiation/protects-you/nuclear-medicine.html


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2.Academic and Scientific Applications

+niversities colleges high schools and other acade$ic and

scienti!ic institutions use nuclear $aterials in course work

laboratory de$onstrations e(peri$ental research and a

variety o! health physics applications"

radiation has helped us learn $ore about the types o! soil

that di!!erent plants need to grow the si6es o! newly

discovered oil !ields and the tracks o! ocean currents" %n

addition researchers use low2energy radioactive sources ingas chro$atography to identi!y the co$ponents o! petroleu$

products s$og and cigarette s$oke and even co$ple(

proteins and en6y$es used in $edical research"

http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/basic-ref/glossary/health-physics.htmlhttp://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/basic-ref/glossary/health-physics.html


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4hen a plant or ani$al dies it no longer takes in new

carbon and the carbon21/ that it accu$ulated throughout its

li!e begins the process o! radioactive decay" As a result

a!ter a !ew years an old obect has a lower percent o!

radioactivity than a newer obect" By $easuring this

di!!erence archaeologists are able to deter$ine the obect)s

appro(i$ate age"

Archaeologists also use radioactive substances to deter$ine

the ages o! !ossils and other obects through a process calledcarbon dating"

http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/basic-ref/glossary/decay-radioactive.htmlhttp://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/basic-ref/glossary/decay-radioactive.html


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3.Industrial Uses

%s used kill ger$s without har$ing the substance that isbeing disin!ected 3 and without $aking it radioactive"

oods take $uch longer to spoil and $edical euip$ent

&such as bandages hypoder$ic syringes and surgical

instru$ents' are sterili6ed without being e(posed to to(icche$icals or e(tre$e heat" As a result where we now use

chlorine 3 a che$ical that is to(ic and di!!icult2to2handle 3

we $ay so$eday use radiation to disin!ect our drinking

water and kill the ger$s in our sewage" %n !act ultraviolet

light &a !or$ o! radiation' is already used to disin!ect

drinking water in so$e ho$es"


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" Besides $aking plants stronger radiation can be used to

control insect populations thereby decreasing the use o!dangerous pesticides" ;adioactive $aterial is also used in

gauges that $easure the thickness o! eggshells to screen out

thin breakable eggs be!ore they are packaged in egg

cartons"

All around us we see re!lective signs that have been treated

with radioactive tritiu$ and phosphorescent paint" %oni6ing

s$oke detectors using a tiny bit o! a$ericiu$2,/1 keep

watch while we sleep"


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;adiation is used to help re$ove to(ic pollutants such as

e(haust gases !ro$ coal2!ired power stations and industry" "

or e(a$ple electron bea$ radiation can re$ove dangerous

sulphur dio(ides and nitrogen o(ides !ro$ our environ$ent"

An (2ray process called radiography to !ind otherwisei$perceptible de!ects in $etallic castings and welds"

;adioactive $aterials also power our drea$s o! outer space

as they !uel our spacecra!t and supply electricity to

satellites that are sent on $issions to the outer$ost regions

o! our solar syste$"

http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/basic-ref/glossary/radiography.htmlhttp://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/basic-ref/glossary/radiography.html


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4. Nuclear Poer Plants

=lectricity produced by nuclear !ission 3 splitting the ato$ 3

is one o! the greatest uses o! radiation" As our countrybeco$es a nation o! electricity users we need a reliable

abundant clean and a!!ordable source o! electricity"

uclear power plants are !ueled by uraniu$ which e$its

radioactive substances" *ost o! these substances are trapped

in uraniu$ !uel pellets or in sealed $etal !uel rods"

http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/basic-ref/glossary/fission-fissioning.htmlhttp://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/basic-ref/glossary/atom.htmlhttp://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/basic-ref/glossary/pellet-fuel.htmlhttp://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/basic-ref/glossary/fuel-rod.htmlhttp://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/basic-ref/glossary/fuel-rod.htmlhttp://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/basic-ref/glossary/pellet-fuel.htmlhttp://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/basic-ref/glossary/atom.htmlhttp://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/basic-ref/glossary/fission-fissioning.html


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application's of radiation

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