Veterinary Assistant Program Appendix
© Animal Behavior College, Inc. 1
Appendix
Appendix A........................................................................................................................... 2
Prefixes/Suffixes and Anatomical Root terms ................................................................ 2
Appendix B......................................................................................................................... 11
List of Common Medical Abbreviations........................................................................ 11
Appendix C ........................................................................................................................ 17
List of Common Pharmacy Abbreviations.................................................................... 17
Appendix D ........................................................................................................................ 18
Metric Conversion Chart.............................................................................................. 18
Table of Vital Signs ..................................................................................................... 18
Appendix E......................................................................................................................... 19
Common Blood Collection Tubes ................................................................................ 19
Most Commonly Used Gauge of Needles.................................................................... 20
Appendix F......................................................................................................................... 20
Directional Terminology .............................................................................................. 20
Positional Terminology for Radiology .......................................................................... 21
Appendix G ........................................................................................................................ 22
Anatomy ..................................................................................................................... 22
Canine Circulatory System.......................................................................................... 22
Canine Digestive System............................................................................................ 22
Feline Digestive System.............................................................................................. 23
Canine Dentition ......................................................................................................... 23
Feline Dentition........................................................................................................... 24
Canine Nervous System.............................................................................................. 24
Canine Reproductive/Urogenital System..................................................................... 25
Feline Reproductive/Urogenital System....................................................................... 25
Canine Respiratory System......................................................................................... 26
Feline Respiratory System.......................................................................................... 26
Canine Skeletal System.............................................................................................. 27
Feline Skeletal System................................................................................................ 27
Urinary (Excretory) System Feline............................................................................... 28
The Inner Ear.............................................................................................................. 28
Anatomy of the Eye..................................................................................................... 29
Oral Cavity.................................................................................................................. 29
Veterinary Assistant Program Appendix
© Animal Behavior College, Inc. 2
Appendix A
Prefixes/Suffixes and Anatomical Root terms
Prefix / Suffix / Root Meaning Example
a-, an- not or without aseptic
ab- away from abduct
abdomin(o) around the belly-abdomen abdominal
-ac pertaining to Iliac crest
aden(i)
aden(o)
in reference to a gland adenocarcinoma
adren(o) relating to adrenal glands adrenaline
adip(o) fat adiposis
alba- white albino
-algia pain neuralgia
ambi- both sides ambiguous
an- not or without antihistamine
angi(o) blood vessel angioplasty
anis(o) unequal anisocytosis
ancyl(o)
ankyl(o)
bending or crooked ancylostoma
anti- against each other antibiotic
arteri(o) relating to an artery arteriogram
arthr(o) of a joint arthroscopy
-asthenia weakness myasthenia
auricul(o)
aur(o)
referring to the ear aural
auscult/o to listen auscultation
aut(o) self autoclave
axill(o) under the arm axilla
bio- life bioscience
blast(o) immature cell, budding blastocyst
Veterinary Assistant Program Appendix
© Animal Behavior College, Inc. 3
Prefix / Suffix / Root Meaning Example
brachi(o) limb brachial plexus
brachy- short brachycephalic
brady- slow bradycardia
bronch(i) / bronchi(o) lungs bronchitis
bucc(o) cheek buccal
carcin(o) cancer carcinogen
cardi(a)
cardi(o)
referring to the heart cardiomyopathy
cata- down catatonic
-centesis surgical puncture of cystocentesis
cephal(o) referring to the head cephalic
chem(o) chemically induced chemotherapy
chondr(o) cartilage chondrosarcoma
chrom- color hypochromasia
-cide kill or destroy bactericidal
circum - surrounding another circumvent
col-, colo-, colono- colon colitis
copr(o) feces coprophagia
crani(o) head cranium
crypt(o) hidden cryptorchid
cutane(o) skin subcutaneous
cyan(o) describing a blue color cyanosis
cyst(i)
cyst(o)
relating to the urinary bladder cystocentisis
cyt(o) cell cytoplasm
-cyte cell monocyte
dactyl(o) finger or toes polydactyl
dent(i) tooth dentures
derm(o)
dermat(o)
skin dermatitis
dips(o) thirst polydipsia
dors(i) /dors(o) back dorsal
Veterinary Assistant Program Appendix
© Animal Behavior College, Inc. 4
Prefix/Suffix/Root Meaning Example
dys- bad or difficult dyspnea
ect(o) outside or out ectoplasm
-ectomy removal, excision splenectomy
-edema swelling edematous
eosin(o) rose colored eosinophil
-emesis vomit emesis
-emia condition of the blood anemia, leukemia
encephal(o)- brain encephalitis
endo- within endoscopy
enter(o)- relating to the intestine enterology
epi- above, upon epiglottis
epitheli(o) skin epithelium
erythr(o) red erythrocyte
ex- out of or away from extubate
extra- outside extracapsular
fibr(i) fever febrile
fibr(o) fiber fibromyalgia
gastr(o) refers to the stomach gastroenteritis
gest(o) pregnancy gestation
gingiv(o) refers to the gums gingival
glauc(o) bluish-grey color glaucoma
-globin protein hemoglobin
gloss(o) tongue glossitis
gluc(o) glucose/sugar glucocorticoid
glycol- sugar glycolysis
-gram record cardiogram
-graph instrument for recording radiograph
-graphy process of recording radiography
-helminth worm antihelminthic
hemat-, haemato-
hem(a), hem(o)
referring to blood hematoma
hepat(o) referring to the liver hepatitis
Veterinary Assistant Program Appendix
© Animal Behavior College, Inc. 5
Prefix / Suffix / Root Meaning Example
histi(o) tissue histiocytoma
hist(o) tissue histopath
humer(o) humerus or upper arm humeroulnar
hydr(o) water hydrotherapy
hyper- beyond or above normal hyperthermia
hyp(o) below normal hypothyroid
hyster(o) uterus ovariohysterectomy
-iac pertaining to cardiac
-ic pertaining to hepatic
-ical pertaining to medical
infra- below infracortical
inguin(o) groin inguinal
inter- between intermolecular
intra- within intravenous
-ism process or condition dimorphism
iso- equal isotonic fluids
-ist a specialist pharmacist
-itis inflammation nephritis
-ium tissue epicardium
jaund(o) yellow jaundice
kerat(o) cornea (eye) or hard tissue keratoconjunctivitis
lacrim(o) tear (as in the eyes) lacrimal duct
lact(i)
lact(o)
milk lactate
lapar(o) abdominal wall, abdomen laproscopy
-lapse to fall, slide relapse
laryng(o) pertaining to the larynx (voice
box)
laryngitis
-lepsy seizure epilepsy
leuk(o) white color leukocyte
lip(o) fat lipidosis
lith(o) stone urolith
Veterinary Assistant Program Appendix
© Animal Behavior College, Inc. 6
Prefix / Suffix / Root Meaning Example
-logy study of nephrology
lumb(o) lower back lumbar
lux(o) to slide patellar luxation
lymph(o) lymph lymphoma
lysis- destruction autolysis
lys(o)- separate into parts lysosome
macr(o) large macrophage
-mal bad malignant
mamm(o) pertaining to the breast mammary gland
mandibul/o lower jaw bone mandibular
mast(o)- breast tissue mastitis
maxill(o) upper jaw bone maxilla
mega-
megal(o)
-megaly
enlargement splenomegaly
melan(o) black color melanoma
metacarp(o) bones of the front paw (hands) metacarpal
mengi(o) membrane surrounding the
brain and spinal cord
meningitis
metatars(o) bones of the rear paw (feet) metatarsal
-meter measure refractometer
method(o) procedure or technique methodology
metri(o) uterus endometriosis
micr(o)- small or little microscope
morph(o) form or shape morphology
-mortem death postmortem
muc(o) mucus mucoid
muscul(o) muscle musculoskeletal
my(o) relating to muscle myopathy
myel(o) bone marrow/spinal cord myelogram
narc(o) sleep narcolepsy
nas(o) nose nasogastric tube
Veterinary Assistant Program Appendix
© Animal Behavior College, Inc. 7
Prefix / Suffix / Root Meaning Example
necr(o) death necrosis
neo- new neonatal
nephr(o) kidney nephrotoxic
neur(o) nerves neurology
nutria(o) to nourish nutrition
ocul(o) eye ocular
odont(o) teeth periodontal
odyn(o) pain odynometer
-oid resembles or looks like mucoid
olig(o) scant oliguria
-oma tumor/mass, filled with fluid hematoma
onc(o) tumor, bulk, volume oncology
onych(o) nail of finger/toe onychectomy
oo- egg oocyst
ophthalm(o) eye ophthalmic
-opsy to view biopsy
or(o) mouth oral
orchi(o)
orchid(o)
testis (testicle) orchidectomy
-orexia appetite anorexia
organ(o) organ organomegaly
orth(o) straight orthodontist
-osis condition or disease or coccidiosis
ossi-
osse(o)
bone or
bony
ossifying
ost(e)
oste(o)
bone osteoporosis
ot(o) ear otoscope
ov(o) egg ovary
ovari(o) ovary ovariohysterectomy
-oxia oxygen hypoxia
palliate(o) soothe, relieve palliative care
Veterinary Assistant Program Appendix
© Animal Behavior College, Inc. 8
Prefix / Suffix / Root Meaning Example
palpebr(o) eyelid palpebral reflex
palp(o)
palpate(o)
to gently touch palpate
pan- all panleukopenia
pancreat(o) pancreas pancreatitis
para- alongside, beside paralumbar
-paresis weakness hemiparesis
path(o) disease pathogen
-pathy disease or emotion neuropathy
ped(o) foot podiatrist
pelv(i)
pelv(o)
pelvis, hip bone pelvic
-penia deficiency neutropenia
-pepsia digestion or the digestive tract dyspepsia
peri- surrounding pericardium
peritone(o) peritoneum peritonitis
-phage
-phagia
phag(o)
Relating to eating or digestion macrophage
pharmac(o)- drug pharmacologist
phleb(o) vein phelbotomy
plant(o) bottom of foot plantar
-plasia formation or development of dysplasia
-plasty surgical repair of rhinoplasty
-plegia paralysis cardioplegia
plex(o) network of nerves brachial plexus
-pnea breathing dyspnea
pneum(o)-
lungs or air pneumothorax
pod(o) foot pododermatitis
-poiesis production, making of hematopoiesis
poikil(o) varied or irregular poikilocytosis
Veterinary Assistant Program Appendix
© Animal Behavior College, Inc. 9
Prefix / Suffix / Root Meaning Example
poly- many, excessive polydipsia
post- after postoperative
-prandial meal postprandial
pre-
pro-
in front of, before premature
proxim(o) near proximal
prurit(o) itching pruritus
pseudo- false pseudoparasite
psych(e)
psych(o)
pertaining to the mind psycho logical restraint
-ptosis droop or sag, prolapse proptosis
pulmon(o) lung pulmonary
pyo- pus pyometra
pyrex(o) fever pyretic
quadr(i)- four quadriped
radi(o) x-rays radiograph
ren(o) kidney renal
rhin(o) nose rhinitis
-rrhage
-rrhag / ia
excessive flow or discharge
(blood)
hemorrhage
-rrhea excessive flow or discharge diarrhea
sarc(o) flesh-like sarcoma
scler(o) hardening atherosclerosis
-scope an instrument for viewing/exam stethoscope
-scopy to view endoscopy
sinistr(o) left oculus sinister (O.S.)
-sis condition of osteoporosis
splen(o) spleen splenomegaly
spondyl(o) vertebrae, spine spondylosis
-stasis to stop or control homeostasis
-static to stop or control bacteriostatic
sten(o) narrowing arterial stenosis
Veterinary Assistant Program Appendix
© Animal Behavior College, Inc. 10
Prefix / Suffix / Root Meaning Example
steth(o)- chest stethoscope
stom(a)
stomat(o)
mouth or oral cavity stomatitis
sub- Beneath or below subgingival
supra- above or beyond supragingival
tachy- rapid or fast tachycardia
tars(o) hind foot tarsal joint
therm(o) heat thermometer
thorac(o) chest thoracotomy
trans- across transtracheal wash
thromb(o) to clot thrombosis
-tocia to give birth dystocia
-tomy to cut cystotomy
-trophy development or growth dystrophy
tympan(o) ear drum, middle ear tympanic membrane
-ula
-ule
small or little nodule
miniscule
un(i)- one unilateral
-uria urine hematuria
ur(o) urine, urinary tract urolith
vas(o)-
vascul(o)-
A duct or blood vessel vasoconstriction
ven(i)
ven(o)
vein venipuncture
intravenous
ventr(o)- front side (of the abdomen) ventral
-volemia blood pressure hypovolemia
-y Process or condition of surgery
zo(o) animal life zoonosis
Veterinary Assistant Program Appendix
© Animal Behavior College, Inc. 11
Appendix B
List of Common Medical Abbreviations
A A
A assessment of SOAP- this is where the veterinarians diagnosis is placed
AB antibiotic
ABDO abdomen
ACL anterior cruciate ligament- a ligament in the hind leg that often requires
surgical repair
ADR “ain’t doing right” – a term to describe general malaise that has no diagnosis
a.g. anal gland(s)
A/P anterior-posterior- pertaining to radiological positioning for a limb
ARF acute renal failure
B B
BAR Bright – Alert – Responsive. BAR is used in records to indicate all is well
with the patient
BCS body condition score
bg blood glucose
bm bowel movement
BP blood pressure
bmp beats per minute
BW body weight
Bx biopsy
C C
C+S culture and sensitivity
CAV canine adenovirus
CBC complete blood count
CC chief complaint
CHF congestive heart failure
Veterinary Assistant Program Appendix
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CPR cardiovascular resuscitation
CPV canine parvovirus
CRD chronic renal disease
CRI constant rate infusion
crit microhematocrit tube
CRT capillary refill time
CVT certified veterinary technician
D+ positive for diarrhea
D D
d/c discontinue
D/C discharge
D/R drain removal
DHLP-P canine Distemper, Hepatitis, Leptospirosis, Parainfluenza, Parvo (vaccine)
Ddx differential diagnosis
DLH domestic long hair (cats)
DM diabetes mellitus
DOA dead on arrival
DSH domestic short hair (cats)
DTM dermatophyte test medium
D/V dorsal-ventral – pertaining to radiographic positioning
DVM doctor of veterinary medicine
E E
E-collar Elizabethan collar
ECG electrocardiogram
EFA essential fatty acids
EKG electrocardiogram
euth euthanasia
F F
FAD flea allergy dermatitis
F.B. foreign body
FCP feline calicivirus
FeLV feline leukemia virus
Veterinary Assistant Program Appendix
© Animal Behavior College, Inc. 13
FIV feline immunodeficiency virus
fLUTD feline lower urinary tract disease
FNA fine needle aspirate
F/S female, spayed
FUO fever of unknown origin
FUS feline urinary syndrome
Fx fracture
FVRCP feline Viral Rhinotrachitis, Calici, Panleukopenia (vaccine)
G G
GDV gastric dilitation-volvulus
GI gastrointestinal
GSD German Sheppard dog
H H
Hb/ hgb hemoglobin
HBC hit by car
Hct hematocrit (also PCV)
HGE hemorrhagic gastroenteritis
HPF high power field (microscope)
HR heart rate
HW heartworm
HWP heartworm prevention
Hx history
I I
IA intra-arterial
IBD inflammatory bowel disease
IC intracardiac
ID intradermal
IM intramuscular
IN intranasal
IP intraperitoneal
IV intravenous
IVVD intervertebral disc disease
Veterinary Assistant Program Appendix
© Animal Behavior College, Inc. 14
K K
K9 canine
KCS keratoconjunctivitis sicca (“dry eye” is slang)
kVp kilovolt peak
L L
L left side
LF left foreleg (front leg)
LH left hind leg
LRS Lactated Ringers solution
LVT licensed veterinary technician
M M
mA milliamperes
mAs milliamperes per second
MLV modified live virus (pertaining to vaccines)
mm mucous membranes
M/N male, neutered
N N
NAF no abnormal findings
NAVTA North American Veterinary Technician Association
NMB new methylene blue
NPO nothing by mouth
NSF no significant findings
O O
O objective in SOAP - observations made by the veterinarian during the initial
physical examination
OA osteoarthritis
OFA Orthopedic Foundation for Animals
OR operating room
OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration
OTC over the counter
OVH ovariohysterectomy
Veterinary Assistant Program Appendix
© Animal Behavior College, Inc. 15
P P
P plan in SOAP - plan for different follow-up procedures or treatments that the
veterinarian recommends
PCV packed cell volume
PE physical examination
PD polydipsia
Plt platelets
PR pulse rate
PO by mouth
PTS put to sleep
PU polyuria
PU/PD polyuria and polydipsia
Q Q
QNS quantity not sufficient
QOL quality of life
R R
RA rheumatoid arthritis
RBC red blood cell
RH right hind (leg)
RF/RFL right fore or right front leg
RTG ready to go
RV rabies virus
RVT registered veterinary technician
Rx prescribe or prescription
S S
S subjective of SOAP- observations made by the client and the reason they
brought the patient to the veterinarian, also known as the chief complaint
(CC)
SC subcutaneous (as in injection)
s.g. specific gravity
s/o sutures out
SOAP subjective, objective, assessment, plan
Veterinary Assistant Program Appendix
© Animal Behavior College, Inc. 16
s/r suture removal
SQ subcutaneous
Sx surgery
T T
TB tuberculosis
TDx tentative diagnosis
TLC tender loving care
TNTC too numerous to count
TP total protein
Tx treatment or to treat
U U
u/a urinalysis
U/S ultrasound
URI upper respiratory infection
UTI urinary tract infection
V V
V+ vomiting
V/D ventral dorsal
Vx vaccine
W W
WBC white blood cell
WNL within normal limits
wt body weight
Veterinary Assistant Program Appendix
© Animal Behavior College, Inc. 17
Appendix C
List of Common Pharmacy Abbreviations
Abbreviation Meaning Abbreviation Meaning
a.c. before meals o.d right eye (oculus dexter)
a.d. right ear (auris dextra) o.s. left eye (oculus sinestra)
a.s. left ear (auris sinestra) o.u. both eyes (oculus
utraque)
a.u. both ears (auris utraque) p.c. after meals
Ad Lib as much as desired prn as needed
b.i.d. twice daily p.o. give by mouth
bol. bolus ( single large dose) q every
c with (usually has a line above the
“c”)
q.d. every day
c.c. cubic centimeter / same volume as
ml
q.h. every hour
cap capsule q.i.d. every 4 hours
d/c discontinue q.o.d. every other day
disp. dispense q 12 h every 12 hours
g gram q.s. quantity sufficient
gr grain s.i.d. once daily
gtt drop(s) s.i.g to write label
h/hr hour sol/sol’n solution
h.s. at bedtime susp suspension
mcg microgram tab tablet
mEq milliequivalent t.i.d. three times daily
ml milliliter t.i.d. three times daily
Veterinary Assistant Program Appendix
© Animal Behavior College, Inc. 18
Appendix D
Metric Conversion Chart
Abbreviation Weight Conversion Equivalent
oz ounce 16 oz = 1 lb 1 fluid oz = 30 ml
lb pound 2.2 lb = 1 kg
kg kilogram 1 kg = 2.2 lb
g gram 1000 g= 1 kg 454 g = 1 lb
mg milligram 1 mg = .001 g
mcg microgram 1 mcg = .001 mg
Volume
L liter 1 L = 1000 ml 1 L = 1 quart
ml milliliter 1000 ml = 1 L
cc cubic centimeter 1 cc = 1 ml
tsp teaspoon 1 tsp = 5 ml 3 tsp = 1 tbs
tbs tablespoon 1 tbs = 15 ml
Table of Vital Signs
Species Temperature
(Celsius)
Pulse/Heart
Rate (BPM)
Respiration
Rate (per
minute)
Gestation
Period
Life Span
Cat 100.5 – 103.0°F
(38 - 39.5°C)
120-210* bpm
*younger cats have
faster heart rates
20-30/ min 63-65 days 12-16 yrs
Dog 99.0 - 102.2°F
(37.5 - 39.0°C)
60-120* bpm
*young and small dogs
have faster rates than
large breed dogs
15-30/ min 57-67 days 10-15 yrs
*large breed
dogs have
shorter life
span
Rabbit 101.5–104.2°F
(38.6–40.1°C)
130-300 bpm
205 average bpm
32-60/ min 25-31 days 6-8 yrs
Ferret 100-102.5°
(37.8 - 39.4° C)
230-380 bpm 33-36/ min 40-44 days 5-11 yrs
Rat 99°F
(37°C) *too fast to count
usually 21-23 days 3 yrs
Veterinary Assistant Program Appendix
© Animal Behavior College, Inc. 19
Appendix E
Common Blood Collection Tubes
Tube Top Color
Additive Appearance Uses
Red Absent of additive- sterile
Because this tube has no additive, blood, urine and other bodily fluids can be placed
Tiger striped (black and red)
Clot activating gel that quickens coagulation
This tube is used to obtain serum- the gel provides a barrier and seperates the cells from the liquid portion of whole blood- serum is required for most all blood chemistry testing
Lavender EDTA- anticoagulant
This tube is commonly used to perform CBC’s- Complete Blood Counts
Green Lithium heparin- anticoagulant
This tube is contains an anticoagulant, but unlike the lavender top tube, you can run blood chemistries with the plasma obtained from whole blood with this additive
Gray Sodium flouride and anticoagulant
This tube is mainly used for glucose testing
Yellow ACD- a blood preservative and anticoagulant
This additive is preferred for collecting blood for the purpose of blood transufusion
Light Blue Sodium citrate -anticoagulant
This tube is used for determining coagulation abnormalities
Veterinary Assistant Program Appendix
© Animal Behavior College, Inc. 20
Most Commonly Used Gauge of Needles
Size Appearance Common Use
25 gauge May be used for cats when obtaining small samples of blood or small volume for injection
22 gauge
Most commonly used sized; used for venipuncture and injections
20 gauge
Less common, may be used
for injecting thick fluid
18 gauge Used for administering subcutaneous fluids
Appendix F
Directional Terminology
Positional Terminology for Restraint
Term Direction
Left The patient’s left side
Right The patient’s right side
Cranial Toward the patient’s head
Rostral Toward the tip of the patient’s nose
Caudal Toward the patient’s tail
Dorsal Toward the patient’s back
Ventral Toward the patient’s belly
Medial Toward the median (center) plane
Lateral Away from the median plane
Deep (internal) Toward the center (whole body or part)
Superficial (external) Toward the surface (whole body or part)
Proximal Toward the patient’s body (extremity)
Distal Away from the patient’s body (extremity)
Veterinary Assistant Program Appendix
© Animal Behavior College, Inc. 21
Positional Terminology for Radiology
Positional Terminology for Radiology
Anatomical Direction
Abbreviation Description
Left Lt The patient’s left side or limb
Right Rt The patient’s right side or limb
Dorsal D The upper parts of the body including the top of the head, neck, back, and tail
Ventral V The lower parts of the body including the head, neck, chest, abdomen, and tail
Palmar Pa The forelimb from the carpal joint distally (away from the body)
Plantar Pl The hind limb from the tarsal joint distally (away from the body)
Medial M The inner surface of a limb toward the center of the body
Lateral L The outer surface of a limb away from the center of the body
Cranial Cr Any point toward the head
Caudal Cd Any point toward the tail
Distal Di Any point on the limb or tail away from the trunk (torso)
Proximal P Any point on the limb or tail toward the trunk (torso)
Rostral R Parts of the head located toward the nostrils or tip of the nose
Oblique O At a 45° angle, between a horizontal and perpendicular angle
Recumbent Lying down
Anterior A Anteroposterior is often used in place of craniocaudal, dorsopalmar, etc.
Posterior P Posteroanterior is often used in place of caudocranial
Veterinary Assistant Program Appendix
© Animal Behavior College, Inc. 22
Appendix G
Anatomy
Canine Circulatory System
Permission for reprint granted by Chris Forsey (c) Dorling Kindersley
Canine Digestive System
Permission for reprint granted by Chris Forsey (c) Dorling Kindersley
Veterinary Assistant Program Appendix
© Animal Behavior College, Inc. 23
Feline Digestive System
Permission for reprint granted by Chris Forsey (c) Dorling Kindersley
Canine Dentition
Permission for reprint granted by Chris Forsey (c) Dorling Kindersley
Veterinary Assistant Program Appendix
© Animal Behavior College, Inc. 24
Feline Dentition
Permission for reprint granted by Chris Forsey (c) Dorling Kindersley
Canine Nervous System
Permission for reprint granted by Chris Forsey (c) Dorling Kindersley
Veterinary Assistant Program Appendix
© Animal Behavior College, Inc. 25
Canine Reproductive/Urogenital System
Permission for reprint granted by Chris Forsey (c) Dorling Kindersley
Feline Reproductive/Urogenital System
Permission for reprint granted by Chris Forsey (c) Dorling Kindersley
Veterinary Assistant Program Appendix
© Animal Behavior College, Inc. 26
Canine Respiratory System
Permission for reprint granted by Chris Forsey (c) Dorling Kindersley
Feline Respiratory System
Permission for reprint granted by Chris Forsey (c) Dorling Kindersley
Veterinary Assistant Program Appendix
© Animal Behavior College, Inc. 27
Canine Skeletal System
Permission for reprint granted by Chris Forsey (c) Dorling Kindersley
Feline Skeletal System
Permission for reprint granted by Chris Forsey (c) Dorling Kindersley
Veterinary Assistant Program Appendix
© Animal Behavior College, Inc. 28
Urinary (Excretory) System Feline
Permission for reprint granted by Chris Forsey (c) Dorling Kindersley
The Inner Ear
Permission for reprint granted by Chris Forsey (c) Dorling Kindersley
Veterinary Assistant Program Appendix
© Animal Behavior College, Inc. 29
Anatomy of the Eye
Each of these images reprinted with permission from copyright owner, Hill’s Pet Nutrition Inc.
Oral Cavity
Veterinary Assistant Program Appendix
© Animal Behavior College, Inc. 30