Download - AP Psychology Chapter 2 Study Guide (w/ Answers)

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Myers Psychology 6/e

Test Bank II

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CHAPTER 2Neuroscience and Behavior

Learning Objectives

1. Explain why psychologists are concerned with human biology.

Neural Communication (pp. 48-54)

2. Describe the structure of a neuron, and explain how neural impulses are generated.

3. Describe how nerve cells communicate, and discuss the impact of neurotransmitters and drugs on human behavior.

The Nervous System (pp. 54-57)

4. Identify the major divisions of the nervous system and describe their functions, noting the three types of neurons that transmit information through the system.

5. Contrast the simplicity of the neural pathways involved in reflexes with the complexity of neural networks.

The Brain (pp. 58-80)

6. Identify and describe several techniques for studying the brain.

7. Describe the functions of the brainstem, thalamus, cerebellum, and limbic system.

8. Identify the four lobes of the cerebral cortex, and describe the sensory and motor functions of the cortex.

9. Discuss the importance of the association areas, and describe how damage to several different cortical areas can impair language functioning.

10. Discuss the capacity of the brain to reorganize following injury or illness.

11. Describe research on the split brain, and discuss what it reveals regarding normal brain functioning.

Chapter 2 Neuroscience and Behavior 44

12. Discuss the relationships among brain organization, right- and left-handedness, and physical health.

The Endocrine System (pp. 80-81)

13. Describe the nature and functions of the endocrine system and its interaction with the nervous system.

Introduction, p. 47Medium, Factual/Definitional, Objective 1, Ans: c

1. Aristotle believed that the mind was most intimately connected with the:a. head.b. stomach.c. heart.d. liver.

Introduction, p. 47Medium, Factual/Definitional, Objective 1, Ans: e

2. The nineteenth-century theory that bumps on the skull reveal a person’s abilities and traits is called:our a. evolutionary psychology.b. behavior genetics.c. molecular biology.d. biological psychology.e. phrenology.

Introduction, p. 47Medium, Factual/Definitional, Objective 1, Ans: d

3. Who first suggested that different regions of the brain control different aspects of behavior?a. Aristotleb. Hippocratesc. John Locked. Franz Gall

Introduction, p. 48Medium, Conceptual, Objective 1, Ans: b

4. Professor Samuels conducts research on the relationship between the limbic system and sexual motivation. Her research interests best represent the psychological specialty known as:a. clinical psychology.b. biological psychology.c. psychoanalysis.d. psychiatry.e. behavior genetics.

Neurons, p. 48Easy, Factual/Definitional, Objective 2, Ans: a

5. The cells that serve as the basic building blocks of the body’s information processing system are called:a. neurons.b. neurotransmitters.c. vesicles.d. glial cells.

45 Chapter 2 Neuroscience and Behavior

Neurons, p. 48Easy, Factual/Definitional, Objective 2, Ans: d

6. The branching extensions of nerve cells that receive incoming signals from sensory receptors or from other neurons are called the:a. axons.b. synapses.c. cell bodies.d. dendrites.e. neurotransmitters.


7. The part of a neuron that transmits neural messages to other neurons or to muscles or glands is called the:a. dendrite.b. synapse.c. association area.d. axon.e. cell body.

Neurons, p. 48Medium, Factual/Definitional, Objective 2, Ans: a

8. Which part of a neuron is often encased by the myelin sheath?a. axonb. glial cellc. cell bodyd. dendrite

Neurons, p. 48Difficult, Conceptual, Objective 2, Ans: b

9. Signal reception is to ________ as signal transmission is to ________.a. interneuron; neural networkb. dendrite; axonc. neurotransmitter; hormoned. sympathetic nervous system; parasympathetic nervous system


10. The myelin sheath helps to increase the ________ of neural impulses.a. frequencyb. intensityc. thresholdd. speed

Neurons, p. 48Medium, Factual/Definitional, Objective 2, Ans: d

11. The slowdown of neural communication in multiple sclerosis involves a degeneration of the:a. dendrites.b. blood cells.c. corpus callosum.d. myelin sheath.e. pituitary gland.


Neurons, p. 49Easy, Factual/Definitional, Objective 2, Ans: a

12. An action potential refers to a:a. neural impulse.b. synaptic gap.c. neurotransmitter.d. reflex.

Neurons, p. 49Medium, Factual/Definitional, Objective 2, Ans: c

13. The movement of positively charged ions across the membrane of a neuron produces a(n):a. neural network.b. synapse.c. action potential.d. myelin sheath.e. interneuron.

Neurons, p. 49Medium, Factual/Definitional, Objective 2, Ans: c

14. The resting potential of a neuron refers to:a. a brief electrical charge that travels down the axon.b. the storage of neurotransmitter molecules within synaptic vesicles.c. the electrical imbalance between the inside and outside of the neural membrane.d. a capacity to reabsorb neurotransmitter molecules released into the synaptic gap.

Neurons, p. 49Medium, Factual/Definitional, Objective 2, Ans: b

15. The selective permeability of a neural membrane creates a(n):a. myelin sheath.b. resting potential.c. neural network.d. association area.e. lesion.


16. A neural impulse is generated only when excitatory minus inhibitory signals exceed a certain:a. action potential.b. synaptic gap.c. computed tomography.d. threshold.

Neurons, p. 50Medium, Factual/Definitional, Objective 2, Ans: d

17. An all-or-none response pattern is characteristic of the:a. activation of either the sympathetic or the parasympathetic system.b. release of endorphins into the central nervous system.c. release of hormones into the bloodstream.d. initiation of neural impulses.e. inheritance of behavioral predispositions.


How neurons communicate, p. 50Easy, Factual/Definitional, Objective 3, Ans: c

18. The spatial junctions where impulses are chemically transmitted from one neuron to another are called:a. neurotransmitters.b. interneurons.d. dendrites.e. thresholds.

How neurons communicate, p. 50Easy, Factual/Definitional, Objective 3, Ans: b

19. Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that travel across the:a. cell body.b. synaptic gap.c. axon.d. myelin sheath.e. threshold.

How neurons communicate, p. 50Medium, Factual/Definitional, Objective 3, Ans: a

20. Neurotransmitters influence the flow of ________ into receiving neurons.a. ionsb. glial cellsc. moleculesd. hormones

How neurons communicate, p. 50Medium, Factual/Definitional, Objective 3, Ans: a

21. Neurotransmitter receptor sites are located on the:a. dendrites.b. myelin sheath.c. cell body.d. axon.

How neurons communicate, p. 50Difficult, Factual/Definitional, Objective 3, Ans: b

22. Research on neurotransmitters indicates that:a. a single synapse generally uses several dozen neurotransmitters.b. neurotransmitters can inhibit neural impulse transmission.c. less than a dozen neurotransmitters are involved in all neural transmission.d. the release of endorphins causes paralysis of the muscles.

How neurotransmitters influence us, p. 51Difficult, Factual/Definitional, Objective 3, Ans: c

23. Prozac is an antidepressant drug that increases the level of the neurotransmitter:a. GABA.b. ACh.c. serotonin.d. dopamine.


How neurotransmitters influence us, p. 52Easy, Factual/Definitional, Objective 3, Ans: d

24. Acetylcholine is a(n):a. receptor.b. neurotransmitter.c. endorphin.d. hormone.

How neurotransmitters influence us, pp. 52, 81Medium, Conceptual, Objective 3, Ans: d

25. Epinephrine is to hormone as ________ is to neurotransmitter.a. curareb. botulinc. estrogend. ACh

How neurotransmitters influence us, p. 52Medium, Factual/Definitional, Objective 3, Ans: c

26. When the release of ACh is blocked by botulin, the result is:a. depression.b. aggression.c. paralysis.d. schizophrenia.e. euphoria.

How neurotransmitters influence us, p. 52Medium, Factual/Definitional, Objective 3, Ans: a

27. The venom of the black widow spider causes violent muscle contractions by accelerating the release of:a. acetylcholine.b. serotonin.c. endorphins.d. epinephrine.

How neurotransmitters influence us, p. 52Easy, Factual/Definitional, Objective 3, Ans: b

28. Endorphins are most directly involved in the control of:a. body temperature.b. physical pain.c. muscle contraction.d. attention.

How neurotransmitters influence us, p. 52Medium, Conceptual, Objective 3, Ans: b

29. The pain of childbirth is most likely to be reduced by the accelerated release of:a. acetylcholine.b. endorphins.c. dopamine.d. estrogen.


How neurotransmitters influence us, p. 52Medium, Conceptual, Objective 3, Ans: c

30. After 3 hours of playing a physically exhausting professional tennis match, Chitra began to experience a sense of physical exhilaration and pleasure. It is likely that her feelings were most directly linked to the release of:a. dopamine.b. acetylcholine.c. endorphins.d. insulin.

How neurotransmitters influence us, p. 52Medium, Factual/Definitional, Objective 3, Ans: c

31. The body’s own natural production of endorphins is likely to be suppressed by:a. physical pain.b. physical exercise.c. heroin usage.d. all the above.

How neurotransmitters influence us, p. 53Easy, Factual/Definitional, Objective 3, Ans: d

32. Agonists mimic the activity of:a. motor neurons.b. glial cells.c. synapses.d. neurotransmitters.

How neurotransmitters influence us, p. 53Difficult, Factual/Definitional, Objective 3, Ans: a

33. Morphine functions as an:a. endorphin agonist.b. endorphin antagonist.c. dopamine agonist.d. dopamine antagonist.

How neurotransmitters influence us, p. 54Difficult, Factual/Definitional, Objective 3, Ans: b

34. L-dopa helps to control the:a. memory loss accompanying Alzheimer’s disease.b. tremors accompanying Parkinson’s disease.c. hallucinations accompanying schizophrenia.d. mood swings accompanying depression.

How neurotransmitters influence us, p. 54Medium, Factual/Definitional, Objective 3, Ans: d

35. The tremors of Parkinson’s disease result from the loss of nerve cells that produce the neurotransmitter:a. serotonin.b. ACh.c. GABA.d. dopamine.


The nervous system, p. 54Easy, Factual/Definitional, Objective 4, Ans: d

36. The body’s speedy electrochemical information system is called the:a. circulatory system.b. reproductive system.c. cerebral cortex.d. nervous system.e. endocrine system.

The nervous system, p. 54Medium, Factual/Definitional, Objective 4, Ans: d

37. Nerves are neural cables containing many:a. hormones.b. endorphins.c. interneurons.d. axons.e. lesions.

The nervous system, p. 54Easy, Factual/Definitional, Objective 4, Ans: b

38. Information is carried from the tissues of the body to the central nervous system by:a. interneurons.b. sensory neurons.c. motor neurons.d. endocrine glands.

The nervous system, p. 54Easy, Factual/Definitional, Objective 4, Ans: d

39. Sensory neurons transmit signals to:a. glands.b. glial cells.c. motor neurons.d. interneurons.

The nervous system, p. 54Medium, Conceptual, Objective 4, Ans: c

40. When Jim was stung by a bee, the pain message was transmitted to his spinal cord by the ________ nervous system.a. sympatheticb. parasympatheticc. peripherald. central

The nervous system, p. 54Easy, Factual/Definitional, Objective 4, Ans: c

41. The central nervous system largely consists of:a. sensory neurons.b. motor neurons.c. interneurons.d. glands.


The nervous system, p. 54Medium, Conceptual, Objective 4, Ans: a

42. Information travels from the spinal cord to the brain via:a. interneurons.b. the circulatory system.c. sensory neurons.d. the sympathetic nervous system.e. the endocrine system.

The nervous system, p. 54Medium, Conceptual, Objective 4, Ans: c

43. In order for you to be able to run, ________ must relay messages from your central nervous system to your leg muscles.a. interneuronsb. the cerebellumc. motor neuronsd. the reticular formatione. the autonomic nervous system

The nervous system, p. 54Medium, Factual/Definitional, Objective 4, Ans: c

44. Motor neurons are an important part of the:a. limbic system.b. reticular formation.c. peripheral nervous system.d. sympathetic nervous system.

The nervous system, p. 54Difficult, Conceptual, Objective 4, Ans: e

45. Motor neurons are to the ________ nervous system as interneurons are to the ________ nervous system.a. sympathetic; parasympatheticb. central; peripheralc. autonomic; somaticd. parasympathetic; sympathetice. peripheral; central

The peripheral nervous system, p. 55Medium, Conceptual, Objective 4, Ans: c

46. The part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the movement of your legs when you walk is the:a. reticular formation.b. sympathetic nervous system.c. somatic nervous system.d. parasympathetic nervous system.

The peripheral nervous system, p. 55Medium, Factual/Definitional, Objective 4, Ans: a

47. The parasympathetic nervous system is a division of the ________ nervous system.a. autonomicb. somaticc. centrald. sympathetic


The peripheral nervous system, p. 55Medium, Conceptual, Objective 4, Ans: c

48. Messages are transmitted from your spinal cord to your stomach muscles by the:a. limbic system.b. central nervous system.c. sympathetic nervous system.d. somatic nervous system.e. reticular formation.

The peripheral nervous system, p. 55Difficult, Factual/Definitional, Objective 4, Ans: b

49. The sympathetic nervous system ________ digestion and ________ heartbeat.a. accelerates; deceleratesb. decelerates; acceleratesc. accelerates; acceleratesd. decelerates; decelerates

The peripheral nervous system, p. 55Medium, Conceptual, Objective 4, Ans: b

50. When Mr. Valdez thought his 1-year-old daughter had fallen down the stairs, his heartbeat accelerated, his blood pressure rose, and he began to perspire heavily. Mr. Valdez’s state of arousal was activated by his ________ nervous system.a. parasympatheticb. sympatheticc. somaticd. sensorimotore. central

The peripheral nervous system, p. 55Difficult, Conceptual, Objective 4, Ans: e

51. Accelerated digestion is to decelerated digestion as the ________ nervous system is to the ________ nervous system.a. somatic; autonomicb. autonomic; somaticc. central; peripherald. sympathetic; parasympathetice. parasympathetic; sympathetic

The peripheral nervous system, p. 55Difficult, Conceptual, Objective 4, Ans: d

52. The parasympathetic nervous system is to the sympathetic nervous system as ________ is to ________.a. pupil dilation; pupil contractionb. increasing blood pressure; decreasing blood pressurec. inhibition of digestion; stimulation of digestiond. lowering of blood sugar; raising of blood sugar


The central nervous system, p. 56Easy, Factual/Definitional, Objective 5, Ans: c

53. The simplest neural pathways are those that govern our:a. thoughts.b. emotions.c. reflexes.d. sexual drives.

The central nervous system, p. 56Medium, Factual/Definitional, Objective 5, Ans: a

54. The knee-jerk reflex requires the activity of the:a. central nervous system.b. autonomic nervous system.c. limbic system.d. cerebellum.

The central nervous system, p. 56Difficult, Conceptual, Objective 5, Ans: a

55. Jerry was able to jerk his hand out of the scalding water before sensing any pain because this withdrawal reflex:a. was activated by interneurons in his spinal cord.b. did not involve any activity within the central nervous system.c. was activated by the rapidly responding reticular formation of the brain.d. was activated by the self-regulating autonomic nervous system.

The central nervous system, p. 57Easy, Factual/Definitional, Objective 5, Ans: d

56. The neurons of the central nervous system cluster into functional systems known as:a. nerves.b. lesions.c. neurotransmitters.d. neural networks.

The central nervous system, p. 57Easy, Factual/Definitional, Objective 5, Ans: b

57. The brain’s information processing capacities are enhanced by:a. agonists.b. neural networks.c. endorphins.d. lesions.e. CT scans.

The tools of discovery, p. 58Easy, Factual/Definitional, Objective 6, Ans: d

58. A brain lesion refers to ________ of brain tissue.a. electrical stimulationb. x-ray photographyc. radioactive bombardmentd. destruction


The tools of discovery, p. 59Medium, Factual/Definitional, Objective 6, Ans: a

59. Recording electrodes are placed directly on the scalp to produce a(n):a. EEG.b. PET scan.c. MRI.d. CT scan.

The tools of discovery, p. 59Medium, Factual/Definitional, Objective 6, Ans: c

60. X-ray photographs of the brain are necessary to produce a(n):a. EEG.b. PET scan.c. CT scan.d. lobotomy.

The tools of discovery, p. 59Difficult, Factual/Definitional, Objective 6, Ans: d

61. The concentration of glucose in active regions of the brain underlies the special usefulness of a(n):a. MRI.b. CT scan.c. EEG.d. PET scan.

The tools of discovery, p. 59Difficult, Conceptual, Objective 6, Ans: d

62. EEG is to PET scan as:a. x-ray photography is to amplified recording of brain waves.b. amplified recording of brain waves is to x-ray photography.c. measurement of radioactive emissions is to amplified recording of brain waves.d. amplified recording of brain waves is to measurement of radioactive emissions.

The tools of discovery, p. 59Difficult, Factual/Definitional, Objective 6, Ans: a

63. Which technique involves the use of magnetic fields and radio waves to produce computer-generated images of the brain’s soft tissues?a. MRIb. EEGc. CT scand. PET scan

Lower-level brain structures, p. 61Medium, Conceptual, Objective 7, Ans: d

64. Which part of the human brain is most similar to the brain of a frog?a. the occipital lobeb. the limbic systemc. the parietal lobed. the brainstem


The brainstem, p. 61Medium, Factual/Definitional, Objective 7, Ans: e

65. Your life would be most immediately threatened if you suffered destruction of the:a. amygdalab. hippocampus.c. angular gyrus.d. corpus callosum.e. medulla.

The brainstem, p. 61Medium, Factual/Definitional, Objective 7, Ans: d

66. In which brain structure are nerves from the left side of the brain routed to the right side of the body?a. thalamusb. cerebellumc. reticular formationd. brainstem

The brainstem, p. 61Easy, Factual/Definitional, Objective 7, Ans: a

67. Which nerve network in the brainstem plays an important role in controlling arousal?a. reticular formationb. hypothalamusc. cerebellumd. medulla

The brainstem, p. 61Medium, Factual/Definitional, Objective 7, Ans: a

68. Stimulation of the reticular formation will cause a:a. sleeping cat to awaken.b. hungry cat to stop eating.c. violent cat to become passive.d. thirsty cat to drink.

The thalamus, p. 62Easy, Factual/Definitional, Objective 7, Ans: c

69. The thalamus serves as a:a. memory bank.b. pleasure center.c. sensory switchboard.d. master gland.

The thalamus, p. 62Medium, Conceptual, Objective 7, Ans: e

70. Your ability to experience the physical pleasure of a hot shower is most likely to be disrupted by damage to your:a. corpus callosum.b. angular gyrus.c. hippocampus.d. cerebellum.e. thalamus.


The cerebellum, p. 62Medium, Factual/Definitional, Objective 7, Ans: b

71. A loss of physical coordination and balance is most likely to result from damage to the:a. hypothalamus.b. cerebellum.c. corpus callosum.d. amygdala.

Lower-level brain structures, pp. 62-63Difficult, Conceptual, Objective 7, Ans: b

72. The medulla is to the control of ________ as the cerebellum is to the control of ________.a. eating; sleepingb. breathing; walkingc. emotion; motivationd. memory; attentione. hearing; seeing

The limbic system, pp. 62-63Easy, Factual/Definitional, Objective 7, Ans: b

73. The amygdala and hypothalamus are part of the:a. brainstem.b. limbic system.c. reticular formation.d. cerebral cortex.

The amygdala, pp. 62-63Easy, Factual/Definitional, Objective 7, Ans: a

74. Which neural center in the limbic system plays a central role in emotions such as rage and fear?a. amygdalab. thalamusc. cerebellumd. medulla

The amygdala, pp. 62-63Difficult, Conceptual, Objective 7, Ans: d

75. If Professor Conklin lesions the amygdala of a laboratory rat, it is most likely that the rat will become:a. hungry.b. aggressive.c. physically uncoordinated.d. less emotional.

The hypothalamus, p. 63Medium, Factual/Definitional, Objective 7, Ans: a

76. The activity of the hypothalamus most directly influences:a. hunger and thirst.b. muscular coordination.c. attention and memory.d. heartbeat and breathing.


The hypothalamus, p. 63Medium, Factual/Definitional, Objective 7, Ans: b

77. The secretions of the pituitary gland are most directly regulated by the:a. reticular formation.b. hypothalamus.c. amygdala.d. cerebellum.

The hypothalamus, p. 64Difficult, Factual/Definitional, Objective 7, Ans: c

78. Olds discovered that rats would willingly cross an electrified floor in order to electrically stimulate areas within their:a. reticular formation.b. cerebellum.c. hypothalamus.d. sensory cortex.

The hypothalamus, p. 64Medium, Conceptual, Objective 7, Ans: d

79. Alicia tends to binge on sweets. Her doctor thinks that her binging may be due to a genetically disposed deficiency in the brain systems for pleasure, referred to as:a. pleasure deduction syndrome.b. reward stimulation addiction.c. pleasure addiction.d. reward deficiency syndrome.

The cerebral cortex, p. 64Easy, Factual/Definitional, Objective 8, Ans: b

80. Which region of the human brain best distinguishes us from other animals?a. reticular formationb. cerebral cortexc. limbic systemd. hypothalamus

The cerebral cortex, p. 65Easy, Factual/Definitional, Objective 8, Ans: a

81. Nerve cells in the brain receive life-supporting nutrients and insulating myelin from:a. glial cells.b. neurotransmitters.c. motor neurons.d. hormones.

The cerebral cortex, p. 65Easy, Factual/Definitional, Objective 8, Ans: a

82. Which regions of the cerebral cortex lie at the back of the head and receive visual information?a. occipital lobesb. parietal lobesc. temporal lobesd. association areas


The cerebral cortex, p. 65Medium, Conceptual, Objective 8, Ans: a

83. Alicia suffered a brain disease that destroyed major portions of her temporal lobes. Alicia is most likely to suffer some loss of:a. auditory perception.b. hunger and thirst.c. pain sensations.d. muscular coordination.

The cerebral cortex, p. 65Difficult, Conceptual, Objective 8, Ans: d

84. Seeing is to hearing as the ________ lobes are to the _______ lobes.a. frontal; temporalb. occipital; parietalc. frontal; parietald. occipital; temporal

The cerebral cortex, p. 65Difficult, Conceptual, Objective 8, Ans: b

85. The parietal lobes are to ________ as the occipital lobes are to ________.a. hearing; speakingb. sensing touch; seeingc. sensing pleasure; sensing paind. tasting; smellinge. speaking; seeing

The cerebral cortex, p. 66Medium, Conceptual, Objective 8, Ans: d

86. Direct stimulation of a part of the motor cortex would most likely result in:a. feelings of anger.b. acceleration of heartbeat.c. a sensation of being touched on the arm.d. movement of a hand.e. intense pain.

The cerebral cortex, p. 67Medium, Factual/Definitional, Objective 8, Ans: a

87. In order to make a monkey smile, José Delgado stimulated the monkey’s:a. motor cortex.b. hypothalamus.c. sensory cortex.d. reticular formation.e. limbic system.


88. The sensory cortex is located in the ________ lobes.a. parietalb. temporalc. frontald. occipital


The cerebral cortex, p. 67Medium, Conceptual, Objective 8, Ans: c

89. Which part of your brain receives information as to whether or not you are moving your legs?a. limbic systemb. motor cortexc. sensory cortexd. Broca’s area

The cerebral cortex, p. 68Medium, Factual/Definitional, Objective 9, Ans: d

90. The cortical regions that are not primarily concerned with sensory or motor functions are known as:a. interneurons.b. temporal lobes.c. frontal lobes.d. association areas.e. occipital lobes.


91. Damage to the association areas in the frontal lobe is most likely to interfere with the ability to:a. formulate plans.b. recognize familiar faces.c. understand word meanings.d. experience emotion.

The cerebral cortex, p. 69Medium, Factual/Definitional, Objective 9, Ans: d

92. Phineas Gage underwent a dramatic personality change after a tamping iron inflicted massive damage to his ________ lobe.a. parietalb. temporalc. occipitald. frontal

The cerebral cortex, p. 69Medium, Conceptual, Objective 9, Ans: c

93. The process of comparing currently experienced visual input with past visual memories takes place within:a. Broca’s area.b. the sensory cortex.c. the association area.d. the limbic system.

The cerebral cortex, p. 69Difficult, Conceptual, Objective 9, Ans: e

94. The region of your right temporal lobe that enables you to recognize a person as your own mother is:a. Wernicke’s area.b. the limbic system.c. the sensory cortex.d. Broca’s area.e. an association area.



95. Broca’s area is located in the left ________ lobe.a. frontalb. occipitalc. temporald. parietal

The cerebral cortex, p. 69Difficult, Conceptual, Objective 9, Ans: b

96. After she suffered a stroke, Mrs. Josephson had so much difficulty speaking that she had to communicate by writing. This suggests that her cortex was damaged in:a. the occipital lobe.b. Broca’s area.c. the angular gyrus.d. Wernicke’s area.

The cerebral cortex, p. 69Easy, Factual/Definitional, Objective 9, Ans: d

97. In which of the following parts of the brain would a lesion most likely result in aphasia?a. corpus callosumb. sensory cortexc. hypothalamusd. Wernicke’s area

The cerebral cortex, p. 69Difficult, Conceptual, Objective 9, Ans: d

98. Temporal lobe is to ________ as frontal lobe is to ________.a. sensory cortex; motor cortexb. motor cortex; sensory cortexc. Broca’s area; Wernicke’s aread. Wernicke’s area; Broca’s area

The cerebral cortex, pp. 69-70Difficult, Conceptual, Objective 9, Ans: d

99. After a sky-diving accident, Laurie was unable to make sense of other people’s speech. It is likely that her cortex was damaged in:a. the sensory area.b. Broca’s area.c. the angular gyrus.d. Wernicke’s area.

The cerebral cortex, pp. 69-70Difficult, Conceptual, Objective 9, Ans: d

100. After suffering a stroke that damaged his angular gyrus, Mr. Chang is likely to experience the greatest difficulty:a. recognizing familiar faces.b. speaking fluently.c. understanding other people when they speak.d. reading.


Brain reorganization, p. 71Difficult, Factual/Definitional, Objective 10, Ans: c

101. Visual information processing within the temporal lobe of deaf people who communicate with sign language best illustrates:a. aphasia.b. tomography.c. plasticity.d. phrenology.e. hemispherectomy.

Brain reorganization, p. 71Medium, Conceptual, Objective 10, Ans: d

102. After Terry lost a finger in an industrial accident, the area of his sensory cortex devoted to receiving input from that finger gradually became very responsive to sensory input from his adjacent fingers. This best describes the value of:a. phrenology.b. aphasia.c. hemispherectomy.d. tomography.

Brain reorganization, p. 71Easy, Factual/Definitional, Objective 10, Ans: a

103. The aging brain can partially compensate for the gradual loss of neurons by:a. generating new brain cells.b. increasing the speed of the action potential.c. inhibiting the growth of glial cells.d. decreasing the production of acetylcholine.

Brain reorganization, p. 71Medium, Conceptual, Objective 10, Ans: e

104. When Susan was a child, a brain disease required the surgical removal of her left cerebral hemisphere. Susan is now a successful college student who lives a normal life. Her success best illustrates the importance of:a. aphasia.b. hemispherectomy.c. phrenology.d. tomography.e. plasticity.

Our divided brains, p. 72Easy, Factual/Definitional, Objective 11, Ans: d

105. The left cerebral hemisphere is typically superior to the right in:a. spatial reasoning.b. language comprehension.c. visual perception.d. musical abilities.


Splitting the brain, p. 72Easy, Factual/Definitional, Objective 11, Ans: b

106. Information is most quickly transmitted from one cerebral hemisphere to the other by the:a. medulla.b. corpus callosum.c. angular gyrus.d. limbic system.e. reticular formation.

Splitting the brain, p. 72Easy, Factual/Definitional, Objective 11, Ans: c

107. Split-brain patients have had their ________ surgically cut.a. cerebral lobesb. limbic systemc. corpus callosumd. sensory cortexe. reticular formation

Splitting the brain, p. 73Medium, Conceptual, Objective 11, Ans: d

108. If an individual’s right cerebral hemisphere is completely destroyed by disease, that person is unable to see anything:a. with his or her right eye.b. with his or her left eye.c. in his or her right field of vision.d. in his or her left field of vision.

Splitting the brain, p. 73Difficult, Conceptual, Objective 11, Ans: c

109. A picture of a cat is briefly flashed in the left visual field and a picture of a mouse is briefly flashed in the right visual field of a split-brain patient. The individual will be able to use her ________ hand to indicate she saw a ________.a. right; catb. left; mousec. right; moused. left or right; cate. left or right; mouse

Splitting the brain, p. 74Medium, Factual/Definitional, Objective 11, Ans: b

110. The right hemisphere is superior to the left at:a. solving arithmetic problems.b. recognizing people’s faces.c. understanding simple verbal requests.d. processing information in an orderly sequence.


Studying hemispheric differences in the intact brain, p. 74Difficult, Conceptual, Objective 11, Ans: c

111. What will most likely happen as a neurosurgeon sedates the entire right cerebral hemisphere of a patient who is asked to count aloud with both arms extended upward?a. The patient’s left arm will fall limp and he will become speechless.b. The patient’s right arm will fall limp and he will become speechless.c. The patient’s left arm will fall limp but he will continue counting aloud.d. The patient’s right arm will fall limp but he will continue counting aloud.

Studying hemispheric differences in the intact brain, p. 74Difficult, Factual/Definitional, Objective 11, Ans: c

112. When exposed to competing sounds presented to their right and left ears, ________ speakers more accurately recognized the “tsk” sound if it was presented in the ________ ear.a. Zulu; leftb. English; leftc. Zulu; rightd. English; right

Brain organization and handedness, p. 75Medium, Factual/Definitional, Objective 12, Ans: c

113. Research on left-handedness indicates that:a. twice as many women as men are left-handed.b. left-handers typically have a smaller corpus callosum than right-handers.c. left-handers are less likely than right-handers to process speech primarily in their left

hemisphere.d. left-handers generally demonstrate less mathematical competence than right-handers.

Brain organization and handedness, p. 75Medium, Factual/Definitional, Objective 12, Ans: a

114. In order to predict the hand preference of newborn infants, you would be best advised to observe how they:a. turn their heads.b. kick their feet.c. clench their fists.d. swallow their milk.

Brain organization and handedness, p. 76Easy, Factual/Definitional, Objective 12, Ans: c

115. The percentage of left-handers is much lower among ________ than among ________.a. men; womenb. black Americans; white Americansc. older people; younger peopled. primates; humans

Thinking critically about left brain/right brain (Box), p. 78Difficult, Conceptual, Objective 12, Ans: d

116. People should typically recognize familiar words more rapidly when they are spoken into the ________ ear; they should typically recognize familiar melodies more rapidly when they are played into the ________ ear.a. right; rightb. left; leftc. left; rightd. right; left


Thinking critically about left brain/right brain (Box), p. 78Medium, Conceptual, Objective 12, Ans: d

117. Performing scientific research involves brain activity in the ________ cerebral hemisphere(s); writing a story involves brain activity in the ________ cerebral hemisphere(s).a. left; rightb. right; leftc. left; right and leftd. right and left; right and left

The endocrine system, p. 80Easy, Factual/Definitional, Objective 13, Ans: c

118. The chemical messengers of the endocrine system are called:a. neurotransmitters.b. glial cells.c. hormones.d. agonists.e. genes.

The endocrine system, pp. 50, 80Medium, Conceptual, Objective 13, Ans: b

119. Neurotransmitter is to hormone as ________ is to ________.a. pancreas; hypothalamusb. nervous system; endocrine systemc. sympathetic; parasympatheticd. sensory neuron; motor neurone. cerebral cortex; limbic system

The endocrine system, p. 81Medium, Factual/Definitional, Objective 13, Ans: d

120. Epinephrine and norepinephrine are released by the ________ gland(s).a. thyroidb. pituitaryc. parathyroidd. adrenale. thymus


121. The release of epinephrine into the bloodstream is most likely to:a. lower blood sugar.b. reduce blood pressure.c. stimulate digestion.d. accelerate heartbeat.

The endocrine system, pp. 52, 81Medium, Conceptual, Objective 13, Ans: d

122. Neurotransmitter is to hormone as acetylcholine is to:a. glucose.b. endorphins.c. dopamine.d. epinephrine.e. agonist.


The endocrine system, pp. 63, 81Difficult, Conceptual, Objective 13, Ans: d

123. Endocrine system is to nervous system as ________ is to ________.a. amygdala; limbic systemb. neurotransmitter; hormonec. thalamus; cerebellumd. pituitary; hypothalamus


124. Which gland regulates body growth and controls the functioning of other glands?a. parathyroid glandb. adrenal glandc. thyroid glandd. pituitary gland

Download - AP Psychology Chapter 2 Study Guide (w/ Answers)

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