UMAYYAD ARCHITECTURE (661M-976M)
The Great Palace Of Al-hambra
The Great Mosque Of Cordova
Introduction
Muawiyah Bin Abu Sufyan
(661-680M)
Abdul Malik Bin Malik
(685-705M)
Umar Bin Abdul Aziz(717-720M)
Hisyam Bin Abdul Malik
(724-743M)
Abdul Rahman I(756-788M)
Abdul Rahman II(822-825M)
Abdul Rahman III(912-961M)
Abdul Rahman IV(961-976M)
DAMASCUS
SPAIN
Territory
Significant Building During Umayyad Period
Great mosque of damascus-Syria
Dome of the rock-Jerusalem
Al-aqsa mosque-Jerusalem
Great Mosque Cordoba-Spain
Al-Hambra palace- Spain
ALHAMBRAPALACE, SPAINIT IS THE MOST FAMOUS EXAMPLE OF THE ISLAMIC INFLUENCE IN SPAIN.
ERAZ AQILAH BINTI TAJUL EDRUSMINA AAINAA BINTI MOHD SANUSINUR IZYAN BINTI OTHMAN
CHRONOLOGY OF ISLAMIC SPAIN
636-700 rapid expansion of islam following Muhammad’s wafat.
756 -the arrival of prince Abdul Al Rahman in Spain from Morocco as the soul surviving member of the Umayyad Dynasty of Damascus.
1238- The Alhambra was begun. It was built on the hill Sabikah for defensive reasons. Ibn al-ahmar founded the Nasrid Dynasty, and has built the Alhambra.
Islam was spread rapidly into West Asia , North Africa and finally to Spain.
HISTORY Alhambra is an ancient arab fortress located on the
hills close to Granada Alhambra : The Red one (red colour of the walls
around Alhambra. Its principal architectural form was the mosque, which
in the early days of the religion was a simple hypostyle hall oriented to Mecca.
The Umayyad caliphs in Spain made Cordoba its capital and erected a splendid mosque there.
Cordoba is the new center in Spain Alhambra is first and foremost a fortification, defined
by a defensive wall.
SITE PLAN OF ALHAMBRA
ARMORY•define by a defensive wall by towers and gate• was heavily fortified with a watch tower
PALACE OF CHARLES V
ARAB BATHS
GATE OF JUSTICE(BAB AL-SHARI’A)
• 2nd enterance
PALACE COMPLEX
PALACE COMPLEX
COURT OF THE MYRTLES
COURT OF THE LIONS
The palace enterance is Bab al-Ghadur, rename by christians the Gate of the Seven Floors
The 2nd enterance, Bab al-Shari’a renamed the Gate of Justice.
a dense network of rooms mediated by airy gardens with pools of water Water – significant of luxury The Alhambra’s design is exquisitely simple:
basic square-shaped building with courts. Any extension was connected by a passage.
The true visual joy is when you walk into the rooms
COURT OF THE MYRTLESFor sovereign and entourage
COURT OF THE LIONS
for public ceremonials four channels of water, representing the four rivers of Paradise declared in the Quran columnar portico surrounding the courtyard
ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENTS
Increadible richness of decoration> MOJALICAS
ARABESQUES, seen all over the wall of alhambra
geometry, floral pattern
COURTYARD-a transitional area between the administrative section of the royal precinct and the Palace of Comares
WATER ELEMENT-architecture & nature are fused so harmoniously
Court of the Lions
MATERIAL (Stained glass)- The mysterious light that filters today through the window of the throne room
•MUQARNAS dome, seen in hall of Two Sisters.•Every known honeycomb pattern is used in the ceiling design, which comprises 5000 cells.
FLOOR , the square is paved with coloured tile sand the colonnade with white marble.
The Great Mosque Of Cordoba (784)
The Great Mosque Of Cordoba The site originally a Pagan Temple, then
a Visigoth Christian church, Church of St. Vincent during years 600
Then the Umayyad moors come and converted the building into the mosque and then build a mosque on the site.
The one of the most accomplished monuments of Islamic architecture
After the Spanish Reconquista, it once again became a Roman Catholic church
Great Mosque of Cordoba was begun between 784 and 786 during the reign of 'Abd al-Rahman I
Architectural features
Square and rectangular plans Hypostyle prayer hall Double arches construction Horseshoe arches (originally from visigoth
architecture –arches without keystone) Courtyard Alternating red and white voussoirs (Inspired
from dome of the rock) Use Ashlar construction
THE GREAT MOSQUE OF CORDOBA
AERIAL VIEW
Stages extension of the mosque .
Spatial
Elevated view of mosque with sixteenth century cathedral inserted at center. Court of Oranges seen in the lower foreground
Court of Oranges, elevated view from north with courtyard portal to prayer hall
Architectural element
Architectural element
The system of columns supporting double arcades of piers and arches with alternating red and white voussoirs is an unusual treatment that, structurally, combined striking visual effect with the practical advantage of providing greater height within the hall.
Interior view of the prayer hall, looking through the maqsura towards Qibla wall
Interior view of the maqsura, showing polylobed arches before the qibla wall (to the
right)
Interior view of the maqsura; ribbed vault before door to the right (west) of mihrab (Bab al-Amir)
Interior view of the maqsura; mihrab.
Mihrab chamber is seen through the archway
interior view of the maqsura; ribbed vault before mihrab and zone of transition
Interior view of the Royal Chapel (Capilla Real), showing zone of transition with ribbed vault
References
http://www.spanisharts.com/arquitectura/i_prerromanico_visigodo.html
archnet.org/library/images/umayyad style wikipedia.org/wiki/Umayyad_Mosque Nuhan N. Khaury,The meaning of the great
mosque of cordoba in 10th century,Page81-94,Independent publisher
A global history of architecture/Francis D.K Ching, Mark Jarzombek, Vikramaditya Prakash , Published by John Wiley & sons Inc., Hoboken, New jersey