UMAYYAD ARCHITECTURE (661M-976M)

The Great Palace Of Al-hambra

The Great Mosque Of Cordova

Introduction

Muawiyah Bin Abu Sufyan

(661-680M)

Abdul Malik Bin Malik

(685-705M)

Umar Bin Abdul Aziz(717-720M)

Hisyam Bin Abdul Malik

(724-743M)

Abdul Rahman I(756-788M)

Abdul Rahman II(822-825M)

Abdul Rahman III(912-961M)

Abdul Rahman IV(961-976M)

DAMASCUS

SPAIN

Territory

Significant Building During Umayyad Period

Great mosque of damascus-Syria

Dome of the rock-Jerusalem

Al-aqsa mosque-Jerusalem

Great Mosque Cordoba-Spain

Al-Hambra palace- Spain

ALHAMBRAPALACE, SPAINIT IS THE MOST FAMOUS EXAMPLE OF THE ISLAMIC INFLUENCE IN SPAIN.

ERAZ AQILAH BINTI TAJUL EDRUSMINA AAINAA BINTI MOHD SANUSINUR IZYAN BINTI OTHMAN

CHRONOLOGY OF ISLAMIC SPAIN

636-700 rapid expansion of islam following Muhammad’s wafat.

756 -the arrival of prince Abdul Al Rahman in Spain from Morocco as the soul surviving member of the Umayyad Dynasty of Damascus.

1238- The Alhambra was begun. It was built on the hill Sabikah for defensive reasons. Ibn al-ahmar founded the Nasrid Dynasty, and has built the Alhambra.

Islam was spread rapidly into West Asia , North Africa and finally to Spain.

HISTORY Alhambra is an ancient arab fortress located on the

hills close to Granada Alhambra : The Red one (red colour of the walls

around Alhambra. Its principal architectural form was the mosque, which

in the early days of the religion was a simple hypostyle hall oriented to Mecca.

The Umayyad caliphs in Spain made Cordoba its capital and erected a splendid mosque there.

Cordoba is the new center in Spain Alhambra is first and foremost a fortification, defined

by a defensive wall.

SITE PLAN OF ALHAMBRA

ARMORY•define by a defensive wall by towers and gate• was heavily fortified with a watch tower

PALACE OF CHARLES V

ARAB BATHS

GATE OF JUSTICE(BAB AL-SHARI’A)

• 2nd enterance

PALACE COMPLEX

PALACE COMPLEX

COURT OF THE MYRTLES

COURT OF THE LIONS

The palace enterance is Bab al-Ghadur, rename by christians the Gate of the Seven Floors

The 2nd enterance, Bab al-Shari’a renamed the Gate of Justice.

a dense network of rooms mediated by airy gardens with pools of water Water – significant of luxury The Alhambra’s design is exquisitely simple:

basic square-shaped building with courts. Any extension was connected by a passage.

The true visual joy is when you walk into the rooms

COURT OF THE MYRTLESFor sovereign and entourage

COURT OF THE LIONS

for public ceremonials four channels of water, representing the four rivers of Paradise declared in the Quran columnar portico surrounding the courtyard

ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENTS

Increadible richness of decoration> MOJALICAS

ARABESQUES, seen all over the wall of alhambra

geometry, floral pattern

COURTYARD-a transitional area between the administrative section of the royal precinct and the Palace of Comares

WATER ELEMENT-architecture & nature are fused so harmoniously

Court of the Lions

MATERIAL (Stained glass)- The mysterious light that filters today through the window of the throne room

•MUQARNAS dome, seen in hall of Two Sisters.•Every known honeycomb pattern is used in the ceiling design, which comprises 5000 cells.

FLOOR , the square is paved with coloured tile sand the colonnade with white marble.

The Great Mosque Of Cordoba (784)

The Great Mosque Of Cordoba The site originally a Pagan Temple, then

a Visigoth Christian church, Church of St. Vincent during years 600

Then the Umayyad moors come and converted the building into the mosque and then build a mosque on the site.

The one of the most accomplished monuments of Islamic architecture

After the Spanish Reconquista, it once again became a Roman Catholic church

Great Mosque of Cordoba was begun between 784 and 786 during the reign of 'Abd al-Rahman I

Architectural features

Square and rectangular plans Hypostyle prayer hall Double arches construction Horseshoe arches (originally from visigoth

architecture –arches without keystone) Courtyard Alternating red and white voussoirs (Inspired

from dome of the rock) Use Ashlar construction

THE GREAT MOSQUE OF CORDOBA

AERIAL VIEW

Stages extension of the mosque .

Spatial

Elevated view of mosque with sixteenth century cathedral inserted at center. Court of Oranges seen in the lower foreground

Court of Oranges, elevated view from north with courtyard portal to prayer hall

Architectural element

Architectural element

The system of columns supporting double arcades of piers and arches with alternating red and white voussoirs is an unusual treatment that, structurally, combined striking visual effect with the practical advantage of providing greater height within the hall.

Interior view of the prayer hall, looking through the maqsura towards Qibla wall

Interior view of the maqsura, showing polylobed arches before the qibla wall (to the

right)

Interior view of the maqsura; ribbed vault before door to the right (west) of mihrab (Bab al-Amir)

Interior view of the maqsura; mihrab.

Mihrab chamber is seen through the archway

interior view of the maqsura; ribbed vault before mihrab and zone of transition

Interior view of the Royal Chapel (Capilla Real), showing zone of transition with ribbed vault

References

http://www.spanisharts.com/arquitectura/i_prerromanico_visigodo.html

archnet.org/library/images/umayyad style wikipedia.org/wiki/Umayyad_Mosque Nuhan N. Khaury,The meaning of the great

mosque of cordoba in 10th century,Page81-94,Independent publisher

A global history of architecture/Francis D.K Ching, Mark Jarzombek, Vikramaditya Prakash , Published by John Wiley & sons Inc., Hoboken, New jersey