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Advanced Research Skills :
Scientific Archaeology Hilary 2015
Sue Bird Bodleian Subject Librarian Geography, Earth & Environmental
Sciences
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Dissertation Assessment
Aims: Does the essay / dissertation have a clear aim,
question or perspective that is relevant to the literature or
an issue?
Presentation: You are expected to know how to cite
references
Literature: Does the dissertation / essay address a range
of relevant literature, and demonstrate a good level of
understanding of the literature on the topic.
You need to conduct initial scoping lit review – key
themes, etc.
Followed by a more focused & deeper literature review.
Peer-reviewed literature acts as a form of substantiation
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This session
More on Bibliographic Databases
Searching techniques for journal articles,
conference papers, book chapters etc
Keeping up to date
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Subject searching
Better to use specialist indexes covering the world’s
literature to find articles
Access via OxLIP+ (http://oxlip-plus.bodleian.ox.ac.uk)
Use inter-library loan for items not held in Oxford and not
online
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E-Journals
“I didn't check for the hard copy
- so used to getting online access!”
“I had just googled the article rather
than using SOLO, so that was the
issue & why I’d been asked to login,
or use Athens”
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Bodleian Maps
Catalogues The main map catalogue is a physical card
catalogue in the Map Room, containing records of
all of the sheet maps in the collection, together with
most of the atlases. The general arrangement is by
map scale, but records for maps dated before 1851
and all atlases are arranged chronologically
Currently in the process of digitising our
physical catalogue and deploying it on SOLO.
Our aim is to complete this by the end of 2014. A
small percentage of the collection is already
catalogued on SOLO: approximately 5000 post-
1850 sheet maps and atlases published after 1988.
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Databases vs. Search engines
• Contents are indexed by subject specialists
• Subject headings
• Limiting functions e.g. publication types, language
Allow you to
• View Search history
• Combine searches
• Mark and sort results
• Print/save/email/export
• Save searches
• Set up alerts
• Searches done by
automated “web crawlers”
• No thesaurus / subject
headings – just free text
searching
• No limiting functions
• Usually none of these!
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Databases (Scopus or Web of Science) enable you to:
• Refine results overview to find the main journals, disciplines and authors that publish in your
area of interest.
• Click on the cited by and reference links to track research trends and make connections.
• Find out who is citing you or your supervisor, and how many citations an article or an author
has received.
• Use Author Identifier to automatically match an author’s published research including the h-
index
• Use Journal Analyzer to provide quick insight into specific journal performance
• Analyze citations for a particular journal issue, volume or year.
• Use this information to complete grant or other applications quickly and easily.
• Use Alerts, RSS and HTML feeds to help you stay up-to-date
• Data export via bibiliographic managers such as RefWorks, EndNote and BibTeX
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Bibliographic Databases
Vast range
SCOPUS
OVID SP
ProQuest
Web of Knowledge
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Search Strategies
• Boolean logic
• Truncation
• Wild cards
• Synonyms
• Which language are you using?
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Boolean connectors
• AND – combines terms to restrict results
• OR – useful for covering synonyms
• NOT – excludes unwanted areas of research
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Improving Searching –
Boolean Operators
• Use Boolean operators
– AND – narrows down
– OR – broadens out
– NOT – excludes
• Use brackets to group operations
• Human* OR “Homo sapiens”
• “climate change” AND lithic AND (human* OR “Homo sapiens”)
Tephra Deposition
Tephra
AND Deposition
Mousterian Neanderthal Neanderthal
NOT Mousterian
Pottery Potsherds
Pottery
OR Potsherds
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SCOPUS THE bibliographic database for the Earth,
Geographical and Environmental Sciences
Abstract & citation database containing peer-reviewed research literature.
22,000 titles from more than 5,000 international publishers.
Now starting to include more book material
55 million records:
29 million records back to 1995 (of which 84% include
references).
21 million records pre-1996 which go back as far as 1823.
6.5 million conference papers from proceedings & journals.
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References
Aramayo and Bianco, 1996
Aramayo, S., Bianco, T.M. de, 1996. Nuevos hallazgos en el yacimiento
paleoicnológico de Pehuen-Có (Pleistoceno tardío) provincia de Buenos Aires,
Argentina. Primera Reunión Argentina de Icnología, Asociación
Paleontológica Argentina, Publicación especial 4, Buenos Aires, pp. 47–57.
Batten, 1987
Batten, D. J. (1987). Application of palynofacies analysis to interpretation of
palaeoenvironments and source potencial for hydrocarbons. Course notes. 34
pp. MS.
Batten, 1996
Batten, D.J., 1996. Palynofacies and palaeoenvironmental interpretation. In:
Jansonius, J., Mc Gregor, D.C. (Eds.), Palynology: Principles and
Applications, American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists Foundation
3, Chapter 26A, pp. 1011–1064.
Borel et al., 2001
Borel, C.M., Bianchinotti, M.V., Quattrocchio, M.E. 2001. Palinoformos
fúngicos del Pleistoceno – Holoceno en el valle del arroyo Chasicó, provincia
de Buenos Aires, Argentina, Polen 11, pp. 21–37.
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Bibliographic
Searching
Search Tip : 1
– Important to remember that although each database covers
thousands of journal titles no single database is ever
comprehensive.
– If you are having difficulty finding material on a topic use the
keywords you find in any relevant reference to extend your
search.
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Bibliographic
Databases
IBSS: International Bibliography
of the Social Sciences
Compiled by the British Library of Political & Economic Science @ L.S.E.
Contains an international selection of publications (inc. 2600 + journals)
Covers economics, political science, sociology, and anthropology.
Pre 1987 compiled by the International Committee for Social Science
Information and Documentation, and provided by the International Committee
for Social Science Information and Documentation and UNESCO.
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GEOREF
Compiled by the American Geological Institute
Contains over 3.6 million records from 1666
Covers :
Bibliography of North American Geology,
Bibliography & Index of Geology exc. North America,
Geophysical Abstracts,
Bibliography & Index of Geology.
With additional items from special bibliographies
Bibliographic
Databases
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Bibliographic
Databases
Web of Science/Knowledge :
Core Collection
– Includes Science, Social Science & Arts and Humanities Citation Indexes
– Citation indexes can be used in the same way as any other abstracting and indexing service. Their extra facility is the option to search the bibliographies of any articles- a citation search. Academics use the citation index to find out who has cited their work.
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Bibliographic
Searching
Search Tip : 2
Take time to explore the various databases & platforms available.
Some will be more useful to you than others.
• Scopus
• GeoRef
• I.B.S.S.
• Web of Knowledge
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Bibliographic
Searching
Search Tip : 3
Boolean Logical Operators AND, OR, NOT
Proximity operators
Adj (literally adjacent); Near(same sentence); With(same field)
Field descriptors: AU(author); TI(title); AB (abstract); SO(source
or reference); DE (general descriptor) etc are likely to be specific
to each database and won’t operate in ‘cross searches’
Combining searches: #1 and #2
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Other tricks:
Use symbols for wildcards and truncation
? or $ for a single character
coloni?ation / coloni$ation (is it an ‘s’ or a ‘z’)
* for truncation or variant spellings
archaeolog* for archaeology, archaeological, etc
use quotation marks for searching for phrases e.g. “tree-ring analysis”
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Bibliographic
Searching Search Tip : 4
• Consider subject synonyms & British and US spellings.
• Apply truncation, usually * to find plurals/alternative word endings and ? to replace a single character.
• Expand search by following hypertext links esp. subject headings
• Authors names: Check the online help for formats. Use the database index to find different forms of author’s name otherwise truncate first initial.
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Bibliographic
Searching
Three ways to keep up to date:
• Saving and rerunning searches – you save a search and run it again in
the future.
• E-mail alerts / RSS feeds:–
– Specify a search to be repeated and the results emailed to you at chosen
intervals or on a continuous basis
– Select your favourite journal(s) & the database will tell you when the
next issue of a journal is available.
• Citation Alert – you will receive an email every time a particular
article is cited in another WoS or Scopus indexed article.
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Search :Impact of climate change on early human societies
Scopus = 29 articles
IBSS = 2 articles only but adds another 1 to the total
GeoRef = 31 but only 7 have already been found
Web of Science = 23 articles (but 12 have already been found & all within
Scopus
RefWorks de-duplication = 65 unique items!!
Bibliographic
Databases
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GUIDE to RESOURCES http://libguides.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/archaeology
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Advanced Bibliographic Skills
Your feedback is greatly appreciated
Please complete a short survey @
https://www.surveymonkey.com/s/GNKM3YR