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Advanced Power Systems for EnhancedAdvanced Power Systems for EnhancedCapability and Fuel EconomyCapability and Fuel Economy
Captain Lynn Petersen, USNPMS 320Deputy Director5 May 2011
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Agenda
• Fuel and Capability : Navy Leadership Perspective
• The Situation
• War Fighting Needs Drives Power Systems
• The Problem
• Technology Similarity: Land and Sea
• The Challenge: Irregular Sources and Loads
• The Solution
• Technology Approach
• Conclusions
• Acknowledgments
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“remove barriers that willinhibit our ability to getenhanced capability intothe hands of our Sailorsquickly”
“increase our energysecurity and operationaleffectiveness byreducing our reliance onfossil fuels”
“simply rely too muchon...depleting stocks offossil fuels...”
“goal has got to beincreased warfightingcapability”
“in every case, adoptionof new energy tech hasled to a strategicadvantage for thecountry”
“We’re roughly twopercent of all the oil thatis consumed in the UnitedStates. We ought to moveahead, and it isn’t just themilitary that has to[change], we all have todo it, but the military canserve as an earlyadopter.”
Fuel and Capability –Leadership Perspective
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The Situation
Consumption reductioncritical to controlling costand maintaining capabilityin light of new loadrequirements.
Energy is a substantialAnd growing cost element
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5
Looking Forward
New RADARsNew RADARsLASERsLASERs
RailgunsRailguns
Insatiable appetite for powerInsatiable appetite for powerand coolingand cooling
How do you address this on bothcurrent and future platforms?
Not like this…
Executing the NGIPS Technology Development Roadmap Paramount
New threats and technology development are leadingto better and more power hungry solutions in sensorsand weapons.
Courtesy of Mr. Dwight Alexander, Northrop Grumman
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“Directing the Future of Ships Power”6
Pow
erD
ensi
ty
Navy Now Next Navy Navy After Next
Roadmap defines path for NGIPSdevelopment, provides guidance to Navyand industry developing organizations andforms the basis for coordinated planningand future Navy investments
Medium Voltage, MediumFrequency (MVMF) Systems
Med. Voltage DC(MVDC) Systems
Medium Voltage AC(MVAC) Systems
DDG 51 Flt IIASSN 774
T-AKE 1 CVN 78DDG 1000 LHD 8LHA 6 MLPDDG 51 Flt III
SSBN(X)T-AGOS(X)?DDG 51 Flt III?
FSC ?DDG(X)?LCS(X)?
Low Voltage AC(LVAC) Systems
Next Generation Integrated Power System (NGIPS)Technology Development Roadmap (TDR)
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7
Ele
ctric
Pow
erD
eman
d(A
vaila
ble
Pow
er,k
W)
Bal
listic
Mis
sile
Def
ense
(200
0’s)
An
ti-S
hip
Cru
ise
Mis
sile
s(1
940’
s)
Su
rfac
eto
Air
Mis
sile
s(1
950’
s)
Rad
ar&
So
nar
(194
0)
Ele
ctro
mec
han
ical
Gu
nF
ire
Co
ntr
ol(
1930
’s)
AE
GIS
Co
mb
atS
yste
ms
(198
3) AffordabilityGap
Ele
ctri
cL
igh
ts(1
877)
IntegratedArchitectures
TraditionalArchitectures
Gas
Turb
ine
Pro
pu
lsio
n(1
960’
s)
Elim
inat
ion
ofS
team
hea
t(1
990’
s)
Ear
lyE
lect
ric
Pro
pu
lsio
n(1
903
–19
40’s
)
Gea
red
Ste
amTu
rbin
eP
rop
uls
ion
(191
0’s)
Dig
ital
Gu
nF
ire
Co
ntr
ol(
1970
’s)
E/M
Rai
lGun
(202
0’s)
Sm
allL
aser
s(2
010’
s)
FE
L(2
030’
s)
Sol
idS
tate
BM
DR
adar
s(2
010’
s)Integrated Architectures meet requirements at lower costIntegrated Architectures meet requirements at lower cost
Age of Guns Age of Gunsand Missiles
Age of Guns, Missiles, DirectedEnergy & Hypervelocity Weapons
War fightingWar fighting Needs Drive Power SystemsNeeds Drive Power Systems
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The Problem
Critical to– National security– Economic growth– Public health & safety
Current/Future demands– Greater reliability/resiliency
• Increased situational awareness• Faster response to faults/failures• Higher intrinsic reliability
– More flexibility• Shift from centralized to market
driven command and control
– Increased energy security• Shift away from dependence on
foreign oil
Critical to– Power projection– Base security & operations– Warfighter health & safety
Current/Future demands– Greater reliability/resiliency
• Increased situational awareness• Faster response to faults/failures• Higher intrinsic reliability
– More flexibility• Shift toward IPS and HED• Shift toward increased automation for
command and control
– Increased energy security• Shift away from dependence on
foreign oil• Reduce risk to Warfighter
8
The Military and National power and energy systems face many of thesame challenges
National Power & Energy Military Power & Energy
Courtesy of Mr. Jim Zgliczynski, General Atomics
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Technology Similarity – Land and Sea
9
FSCFSC
At Sea On Land
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Technological Needs Are Similar
10
Safe, efficient systemsare critical to adoptionand widespread use
Multiple-rate, highpower/energy systemswith appropriate thermalCharacteristics arenecessary for adoption
Commercial Commercial
Military Military
Forward Operating Bases
Storage at Grids EdgeTransportation
High Rate Weapons & Sensors
Grid Stabilization
Generator Ride ThroughShips
Subs
Aircraft
Vehicles
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USN History of Electric Ships:Micro grids Nothing New to the Navy
The US Navy has over 100 years of history designing andoperating shipboard microgrids.
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The Challenge: Irregular SourcesAnd Loads
Predicatble Load Erratic Source
Inconvenient Peaking Smoothed, BaseloadEnergy Delivery
High rate and Peaky Loads
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The Solution
13
For both Military and the National power and energy systems, therecognized solution is transformation
Architecture– SmartGrid– HVDC Distribution
Technologies– Alternative Energy Sources– Advanced Conductors– Hi-temp Superconductors– Energy Storage– Distributed intelligence &
Smart Controls– Power Electronics
Acceptance/Deployment– Regulatory Framework– Siting & Licensing
• Architecture– IPS– MVAC, MVHF, MVDC
• Technologies– Zonal Distribution– Power Generation Modules– Power Load Modules– Power Distribution Modules– Power Conversion Modules– Energy Storage Modules– Power Control Modules
• Acceptance/Deployment– Technology Insertion &
Engineering Roadmap
National Power & Energy Military Power & Energy
Courtesy of Mr. Jim Zgliczynski, General Atomics
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Technology Approach
Advanced Generators With Improved SFC
“Hybrid” Generation and Propulsion Systems
High Efficiency Power Conversion and Electrical Architectures
Optimized Generator Loading
Energy Storage
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• Single Generator Operations (ShipwideUPS)
• Generator load optimization/scheduling• Minimization of spinning assets• Terrestrial distributions (microgrids)
• Online storage devices for backuppower
• UPS for protection of sensitive devices• Closed, signature-free energy source
Energy Storage Is An Enabler For…
15
Energy Surety Fuel Savings
Power Quality Advanced Loads• Advanced GTG Transient ridethrough• Load changes outside of design space
for prime movers
• Pulsed applications• Highly transient loads• Cyclic load requirements
Increasing UPS and Batteries
Potential EMRG Load ProfilesPower Quality Surety Under Two-Spool GTG Application
Cur
rent
Sho
rtTe
rm
Med
ium
Term
Long
Term
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Partnering for Transformation…
16
DOD/DOECollaborativeDevelopment
Military asEarly Adopter
TechnologyMaturation
CostReduction
CommercialDeployment
GRIDS
ADEPT
Electrofuels
BEETIT
• Flywheels• Flow Batteries• Compressed Air
• SiC power semiconductors• GaN• Advanced Capacitors• Advanced magnetic
materials• DC Link converter
• Building cooling systems
• Direct Solar fuels
BEEST• Vehicle batteries
IMPACCT
Energy Security
Efficient Power & Energy Systems
High Energy & Pulsed Power• Energy storage power system architectures• Energy pulsed power switching and control
• Materials, devices and architectures toincrease efficiency, and power density forplatforms, and reduce weight for personalpower
• Efficient power conversion, switching,distribution, control and thermalmanagement
• Engines, motors, generators and actuators• Electrochemical, thermal and kinetic energy
storage
• Alternative and renewable energy sources• Future logistics tools• Resilient power networks and systems
• Reducing CO2 Emissions
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Conclusions
The cross between ever-growing electrical load andever-increasing fuel costs presents a complex issue
Technologies which can reduce consumption andprovide greater power output require specificconsiderations to implement
Smart architectures can support complex loads withenhanced efficiency
Shipboard microgrid architectures have been underconstruction by the Navy for the last 100 years
Coordinated approaches can enable commonalityand commercial application to reduce cost
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Acknowledgements
Dr. Timothy McCoy, PMS 320
Dr. John Pazik, ONR 331
Mr. Dwight Alexander, Northrop Grumman
Mr. Jim Zgliczynski, General Atomics
Mr. John Heinzel, NSWCCD-SSES
Mr. Donald Hoffman, ONR 331/NSWCCD-SSES
Mr. John Kuseian, PMS 320/NSWCCD-SSES
Mr. Nathan Spivey, PMS 320/NSWCCD-SSES
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QUESTIONS?
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BACK-UPS
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Growing Sensor and Weapon LoadRequirements
Balancing irregular loads with irregular sources (inconsistent and/or laggingtransient response) presents a controls and architectural problem for both
Shipboard and Terrestrial Microgrids.
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US Navy Surface Fleet Energy Storage Vision
22