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**A MEETING CALLED IN PHILADELPHIATO ADDRESS THE PROBLEMS WITH THE ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION IN 1787; ORIGINALLY PLANNED TO
REVISE ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION, HOWEVER, IT WAS QUICKLY DECIDED TO REPLACE IT. **
Problems1. National security2. Stabilize the economy3. Pay war debt4. Define authority of
federal government
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•**55 delegates met in absolute secrecy in Philadelphia during the summer of 1787.**
•**They met in Independence Hall.**
•On average there were about 30 delegates in attendance every day. Met from 10 am-3 pm each day. 12 of 13 states represented—only Rhode Island was not.
•**James Madison was the only delegate to never miss a day. He wrote notes from each session.**
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“Scene at the Signing of the Constitution of the United States”
Howard Chandler Christy, 1940
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**GEORGE WASHINGTON
(PRESIDING OFFICER)**
BEN FRANKLIN
**JAMES MADISON “FATHER OF THE
CONSTITUTION”**
ALEXANDER HAMILTON
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THOMAS JEFFERSON, JOHN ADAMS,THOMAS PAINE, JOHN HANCOCK
& PATRICK HENRY DID NOT ATTEND
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What influenced theWhat influenced theFounding Fathers?Founding Fathers?
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ALL 13 STATES HAD A CONSTITUTION – USED AS A MODEL FOR FEDERAL GOVT.
POWER OF GOVT. SEPARATED BETWEEN EQUAL BRANCHES
(LEGISLATURE, EXECUTIVE, JUDICIAL)
BILL OF RIGHTS FOR CITIZENS
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**ENGLISH BILL OF RIGHTS: LISTED INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS**
JOHN LOCKE “LIFE, LIBERTY, & PROPERTY”
MONTESQUIEU: SEPARATION OF POWERS
**ANCIENT GREEKS & ROMANS (DEMOCRACY & REPUBLIC)**
**MAYFLOWER COMPACT (SELF-GOVERNMENT & MAJORITY RULE), VIRGINIA DECLARATION
OF RIGHTS, & THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE**
**THE MAGNA CARTA: LIMITS POWER OF KING**
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**Virginia Plan**(entire slide)Proposed by large states, Madison’s plan
Lawmaking body:
Bicameral (2 Houses)
Elected by the people
Elected by the 1st house
# of Congressmen determined by state population
Based on Population Size
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**New Jersey Plan**(entire
slide)
Supported by smaller states
Lawmaking body:
Unicameral (1 House)
Based on Equality
Each state would have the same number of Representatives or votes
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The Great Compromise**(entire slide)
This was a combination of both plans & a peaceful resolution…
Lawmaking body: Bicameral Congress (2 Houses)
House of Representatives
Senate
# of reps. would depend on populations
Each state gets 2 representatives,
equal for all states
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SHOULD SLAVES BE COUNTED WHEN DETERMINING THE POPULATION FOR REPRESENTATION AND
TAXATION PURPOSES?
1. **SLAVES WOULD BE COUNTED AS 3/5 OF A PERSON WHEN DETERMINING REPRESENTATION IN THE LEGISLATURE.**
2. SLAVE TRADE FROM AFRICA MUST END BY 1807
SOUTH “YES” – NORTH – “NO”
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Summary--Discussion
• How did compromise result in a peaceful solution during the Constitutional Convention?
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http://crayfisher.files.wordpress.com/2011/06/3branches.jpg
http://www.ira-einhorn.com/gallery/views/separationofpowers.gif
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**Separation of
Powers** (entire slide)
( How the Government will be organized )
Legislative Executive Judicial
3 Branches
House of Reps. (2 years)
Senate (6 years)
=
Congress makes laws
President (4 years)
Court System (for life)
Carries out laws Interpret the laws
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Court System in the U.S.
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**Before any of the states would sign the Constitution, the delegates wanted a way to amend the Constitution in order for it to grow with the times and the country.**
Bill of Rights
1st Amendment
2nd Amendment
3rd Amendment …
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Amending the Constitution
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Signing the Constitution
39 delegates signed
before leaving
Philadelphia. Each
state planned to have
its own convention to
vote on the adoption.
**Nine states were needed to ratify the Constitution.** December 7, 1787
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FEDERALISTS: SUPPORTED THE RATIFICATION OF THE CONSTITUTION,
ARGUED FOR A STRONG NATIONAL GOVERNMENT WITH RESTRICTED POWERS
WROTEFEDERALISTPAPERS
Written by: Hamilton, Madison,
& Jay, Published
anonymously**entire slide**
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**ANTI-FEDERALISTS: DID NOT SUPPORT THE RATIFICATION OF THE CONSTITUTION, ARGUED THAT
STATES SHOULD REMAIN POWERFUL OVER KEY ISSUES, HAD GREAT DESIRE FOR INDIVIDUAL
LIBERTIES**
LACKED PROTECTION OF INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS–FEDERAL GOVERNMENTTOO POWERFUL WITHOUT THIS!
**Leaders: Patrick Henry (“smelt a rat”, did not attend) & George Mason (Leader of Anti-Federalists)**
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Ratification
The four remaining states signed by May of 1790!
**June 21, 1788New Hampshire, the 9th state signed the constitution putting into effect the new government.**There were still states that had not ratified. This threatened the outcome of the new government.
Go USA!!
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Branches of Govt. Quick Activity
• http://www.texaslre.org/branches_game/branches_game.html
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• Popular sovereignty
• Republicanism• Limited
Government• Federalism• Checks &
Balances• Individual Rights• Separation of
Powers