**A MEETING CALLED IN PHILADELPHIATO ADDRESS THE PROBLEMS WITH THE ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION IN 1787; ORIGINALLY PLANNED TO

REVISE ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION, HOWEVER, IT WAS QUICKLY DECIDED TO REPLACE IT. **

Problems1. National security2. Stabilize the economy3. Pay war debt4. Define authority of

federal government

•**55 delegates met in absolute secrecy in Philadelphia during the summer of 1787.**

•**They met in Independence Hall.**

•On average there were about 30 delegates in attendance every day. Met from 10 am-3 pm each day. 12 of 13 states represented—only Rhode Island was not.

•**James Madison was the only delegate to never miss a day. He wrote notes from each session.**

“Scene at the Signing of the Constitution of the United States”

Howard Chandler Christy, 1940

**GEORGE WASHINGTON

(PRESIDING OFFICER)**

BEN FRANKLIN

**JAMES MADISON “FATHER OF THE

CONSTITUTION”**

ALEXANDER HAMILTON

THOMAS JEFFERSON, JOHN ADAMS,THOMAS PAINE, JOHN HANCOCK

& PATRICK HENRY DID NOT ATTEND

What influenced theWhat influenced theFounding Fathers?Founding Fathers?

ALL 13 STATES HAD A CONSTITUTION – USED AS A MODEL FOR FEDERAL GOVT.

POWER OF GOVT. SEPARATED BETWEEN EQUAL BRANCHES

(LEGISLATURE, EXECUTIVE, JUDICIAL)

BILL OF RIGHTS FOR CITIZENS

**ENGLISH BILL OF RIGHTS: LISTED INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS**

JOHN LOCKE “LIFE, LIBERTY, & PROPERTY”

MONTESQUIEU: SEPARATION OF POWERS

**ANCIENT GREEKS & ROMANS (DEMOCRACY & REPUBLIC)**

**MAYFLOWER COMPACT (SELF-GOVERNMENT & MAJORITY RULE), VIRGINIA DECLARATION

OF RIGHTS, & THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE**

**THE MAGNA CARTA: LIMITS POWER OF KING**

**Virginia Plan**(entire slide)Proposed by large states, Madison’s plan

Lawmaking body:

Bicameral (2 Houses)

Elected by the people

Elected by the 1st house

# of Congressmen determined by state population

Based on Population Size

**New Jersey Plan**(entire

slide)

Supported by smaller states

Lawmaking body:

Unicameral (1 House)

Based on Equality

Each state would have the same number of Representatives or votes

The Great Compromise**(entire slide)

This was a combination of both plans & a peaceful resolution…

Lawmaking body: Bicameral Congress (2 Houses)

House of Representatives

Senate

# of reps. would depend on populations

Each state gets 2 representatives,

equal for all states

SHOULD SLAVES BE COUNTED WHEN DETERMINING THE POPULATION FOR REPRESENTATION AND

TAXATION PURPOSES?

1. **SLAVES WOULD BE COUNTED AS 3/5 OF A PERSON WHEN DETERMINING REPRESENTATION IN THE LEGISLATURE.**

2. SLAVE TRADE FROM AFRICA MUST END BY 1807

SOUTH “YES” – NORTH – “NO”

Summary--Discussion

• How did compromise result in a peaceful solution during the Constitutional Convention?

http://crayfisher.files.wordpress.com/2011/06/3branches.jpg

http://www.ira-einhorn.com/gallery/views/separationofpowers.gif

**Separation of

Powers** (entire slide)

( How the Government will be organized )

Legislative Executive Judicial

3 Branches

House of Reps. (2 years)

Senate (6 years)

=

Congress makes laws

President (4 years)

Court System (for life)

Carries out laws Interpret the laws

Court System in the U.S.

**Before any of the states would sign the Constitution, the delegates wanted a way to amend the Constitution in order for it to grow with the times and the country.**

Bill of Rights

1st Amendment

2nd Amendment

3rd Amendment …

Amending the Constitution

Signing the Constitution

39 delegates signed

before leaving

Philadelphia. Each

state planned to have

its own convention to

vote on the adoption.

**Nine states were needed to ratify the Constitution.** December 7, 1787

FEDERALISTS: SUPPORTED THE RATIFICATION OF THE CONSTITUTION,

ARGUED FOR A STRONG NATIONAL GOVERNMENT WITH RESTRICTED POWERS

WROTEFEDERALISTPAPERS

Written by: Hamilton, Madison,

& Jay, Published

anonymously**entire slide**

**ANTI-FEDERALISTS: DID NOT SUPPORT THE RATIFICATION OF THE CONSTITUTION, ARGUED THAT

STATES SHOULD REMAIN POWERFUL OVER KEY ISSUES, HAD GREAT DESIRE FOR INDIVIDUAL

LIBERTIES**

LACKED PROTECTION OF INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS–FEDERAL GOVERNMENTTOO POWERFUL WITHOUT THIS!

**Leaders: Patrick Henry (“smelt a rat”, did not attend) & George Mason (Leader of Anti-Federalists)**

Ratification

The four remaining states signed by May of 1790!

**June 21, 1788New Hampshire, the 9th state signed the constitution putting into effect the new government.**There were still states that had not ratified. This threatened the outcome of the new government.

Go USA!!

Branches of Govt. Quick Activity

• http://www.texaslre.org/branches_game/branches_game.html

• Popular sovereignty

• Republicanism• Limited

Government• Federalism• Checks &

Balances• Individual Rights• Separation of

Powers